Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Predicting Factors of Pretreatment Dysphagia in Veterans With Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Study","authors":"Heather L. Warner, Lauren Romanelli, Katherine Adams, Jingyuan Xiao, Nwanmegha Young","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-22-00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-22-00171","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Dysphagia is a common sequela in individuals with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. However, the prevalence and predicting factors for pretreatment dysphagia have not been well identified in the literature. A priori knowledge of the presence of a pretreatment dysphagia is advantageous and can have clinically significant implications for management of this patient population. The ability to predict pretreatment dysphagia in this population would allow more targeted interventions and potential improvements in clinical outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This pilot study investigated the prevalence and predicting factors of pretreatment dysphagia in 67 veterans with head and neck cancer through the West Haven, CT, Veterans Affairs cancer database.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data for this study were acquired via retrospective medical record review.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of pretreatment dysphagia in our sample was found to be 49.3%. Age and pretreatment percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement were found to have a statistically significant relationship with pretreatment dysphagia. Stage of cancer diagnosis and the diagnosis of pretreatment dysphagia were found to have a statistically significant relationship with posttreatment dysphagia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings offer important preliminary data and clinical considerations about this issue and serve as a foundation for future research. There are a limited number of factors associated with pretreatment dysphagia, and clinicians should consider a conservative referral approach when considering the need for dysphagia assessment prior to the initiation of oncologic treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"189 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-Language Pathologists' Use of Side-Lying Position in Infant Modified Barium Swallow Studies: A Qualitative Investigation","authors":"J. B. Smith, Cynthia O'Donoghue, Rebecca Jones","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-23-00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-23-00263","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This qualitative study explored the practices of hospital-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) conducting modified barium swallow studies (MBS) for infants at risk for dysphagia. Specifically, this research aimed to determine whether or not SLPs use side-lying position during MBS, to examine possible differences in the use of positioning, and to better understand SLPs' perceptions and experiences in this practice. Using a constructivist view, research questions guiding this inquiry were as follows: What is the current practice of hospital-based pediatric SLPs in regard to the use of side-lying position during infant MBS? What is the experience of the hospital-based SLP in their use of side-lying position during MBS? How do SLPs report perceived barriers or benefits to using side-lying position during MBS?\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Employing a purposive-convenience sampling technique, data were collected using semistructured interviews of SLPs serving at-risk infants with dysphagia. All participants were practicing in Level-III or -IV neonatal intensive care units. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, loaded into NVivo, and coded using initial and consensus coding. Themes achieved saturation following six interviews.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Three themes emerged from the analysis: (a) variations in practice patterns, (b) factors influencing clinical practice, and (c) items that SLPs identified as needs to facilitate change in their clinical practice.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although SLPs acknowledged the importance of MBS replicating an infant's typical feeding, some SLPs who consistently use side-lying position during feeding do not assess feeding in side-lying position during MBS. This inconsistency in practice results from SLPs' perceived barriers, including lack of experience, concern over interdisciplinary conflict, need for MBS protocols, and lack of research on the potential impacts of side-lying positioning on swallowing. Participants reported the need for research to determine whether side-lying position alters, possibly improves, swallow functions and safety (e.g., airway protection) for at-risk infants.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"758 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Word-Final Disfluency: Clinical Data From a Single Therapy Protocol","authors":"Vivian Sisskin, Samantha Wasilus","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-23-00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-23-00245","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Word-final disfluency (WFD), also referred to as\u0000 end-word repetition\u0000 and\u0000 echo dysphemia\u0000 , takes the form of a final rhyme repetition involving a whole or partial syllable (e.g., “lock-ock” and “ca-ake”). Although WFD has been documented in case studies, therapeutic programs have not yet been reported. Our purpose was to report therapy data for 20 cases of WFD using a single therapy protocol called Structured Awareness Therapy for Word-Final Disfluency. The authors report the effects of therapy in routine clinical practice and describe the therapy program to contribute practice-based evidence that may narrow the research–practice gap and improve service delivery for those with WFD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The participants included 20 children (13 boys and seven girls; age range: 5–11 years). Parents reported a diagnosis of autism in five of the 20 participants. The children and their families participated in weekly and biweekly therapy sessions. Pre- and posttherapy spontaneous speech samples were analyzed and compared. Parents' responses to follow-up surveys were reported.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All 20 children had successfully reduced (to less than 1.5% WFD) or eliminated WFD in their spontaneous speech with short-term therapy (average, 9 weeks). Parental follow-up surveys confirmed the long-term durability of the therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Therapy data support the functional and long-term outcomes of the reduction or elimination of WFD in routine clinical practice. The authors described the therapy program and offered perspectives on the causes or functions of WFD. Suggestions for future directions include research needs and a call for treatment efficacy studies to broaden trusted therapy options for WFD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"255 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Evidence: Taste Manipulation as a Dysphagia Management Strategy","authors":"Ross M. Westemeyer, Angela M. Dietsch, Rachel W. Mulheren","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-23-00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-23-00255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding taste manipulation as a dysphagia management strategy within the evidence-based practice framework, with a focus on clinical application for speech-language pathologists.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 First, we present background information on the physiology of taste and swallowing. A summary of research evidence on the effect of taste on swallowing is presented, followed by suggested methods for incorporating taste into swallowing evaluation and intervention. An overview of individual factors that can impact taste perception is provided. Finally, we discuss methods of clinical application and future directions for clinicians.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although taste manipulation has received increased attention in the research literature, further research is needed to clarify its interaction with swallowing, particularly given the multisensory nature of eating and individual factors that mediate taste perception. Much of the existing evidence is based on participants without dysphagia; additional clinical research is needed on taste manipulation in persons with dysphagia. Clinicians can incorporate taste in their evaluation of swallowing and treatment, and consider how individual taste perception and preferences impact dysphagia management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"135 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Evidence: Taste Manipulation as a Dysphagia Management Strategy","authors":"Ross M. Westemeyer, Angela M. Dietsch, Rachel W. Mulheren","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-23-00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-23-00255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This narrative review aims to summarize the evidence regarding taste manipulation as a dysphagia management strategy within the evidence-based practice framework, with a focus on clinical application for speech-language pathologists.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 First, we present background information on the physiology of taste and swallowing. A summary of research evidence on the effect of taste on swallowing is presented, followed by suggested methods for incorporating taste into swallowing evaluation and intervention. An overview of individual factors that can impact taste perception is provided. Finally, we discuss methods of clinical application and future directions for clinicians.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although taste manipulation has received increased attention in the research literature, further research is needed to clarify its interaction with swallowing, particularly given the multisensory nature of eating and individual factors that mediate taste perception. Much of the existing evidence is based on participants without dysphagia; additional clinical research is needed on taste manipulation in persons with dysphagia. Clinicians can incorporate taste in their evaluation of swallowing and treatment, and consider how individual taste perception and preferences impact dysphagia management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Explaining Formants","authors":"Brad H. Story","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00200","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This tutorial is a description of a possible approach to teaching the concept of formants to students in a speech science course, at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The approach is to explain formants as prominent regions of energy in the output spectrum envelope radiated at the lips, and how they arise as the superposition of vocal tract resonances on a source signal. Standing waves associated with vocal tract resonances are briefly explained and standing wave animations are provided. Animations of the temporal variation of the vocal tract, vocal tract resonances, spectra, and spectrograms, along with audio samples are included to provide dynamic demonstrations of the concept of formants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The explanations, accompanying demonstrations, and suggested activities are intended to provide a launching point for understanding formants and how they can be measured, analyzed, and interpreted. As a result, participants should be able to describe the meaning of the term “formant” as it relates to a spectrum and a spectrogram, explain the difference between formants and vocal tract resonances, explain how vocal tract resonances combined with the voice source generate formants, and identify formants in both narrow-band and wide-band spectrograms and track their time-varying patterns with a formant tracking algorithm.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25168202\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139790840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approach to Explaining Formants","authors":"Brad H. Story","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00200","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This tutorial is a description of a possible approach to teaching the concept of formants to students in a speech science course, at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The approach is to explain formants as prominent regions of energy in the output spectrum envelope radiated at the lips, and how they arise as the superposition of vocal tract resonances on a source signal. Standing waves associated with vocal tract resonances are briefly explained and standing wave animations are provided. Animations of the temporal variation of the vocal tract, vocal tract resonances, spectra, and spectrograms, along with audio samples are included to provide dynamic demonstrations of the concept of formants.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The explanations, accompanying demonstrations, and suggested activities are intended to provide a launching point for understanding formants and how they can be measured, analyzed, and interpreted. As a result, participants should be able to describe the meaning of the term “formant” as it relates to a spectrum and a spectrogram, explain the difference between formants and vocal tract resonances, explain how vocal tract resonances combined with the voice source generate formants, and identify formants in both narrow-band and wide-band spectrograms and track their time-varying patterns with a formant tracking algorithm.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25168202\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139850346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Science as the Foundation for Voice and Motor Speech Disorders","authors":"Monica A. McHenry, Vikas Grover","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Physiological concepts can be effectively taught in speech science. These will serve as the foundation for understanding the physiological changes associated with neurogenic and voice disorders. In this tutorial, relevant concepts are highlighted across the respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory systems. Student activities and illustrative videos are presented. The culminating activity is based on a speech sample of an individual with moderate flaccid–spastic dysarthria. Students relate the physiological changes associated with dysarthria to the acoustic outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although traditionally speech science focuses on acoustics, this tutorial provides guidance on shaping the class to highlight the physiology underlying the acoustics. In this manner, students more easily see the clinical relevance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"32 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Science as the Foundation for Voice and Motor Speech Disorders","authors":"Monica A. McHenry, Vikas Grover","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Physiological concepts can be effectively taught in speech science. These will serve as the foundation for understanding the physiological changes associated with neurogenic and voice disorders. In this tutorial, relevant concepts are highlighted across the respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory systems. Student activities and illustrative videos are presented. The culminating activity is based on a speech sample of an individual with moderate flaccid–spastic dysarthria. Students relate the physiological changes associated with dysarthria to the acoustic outcomes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although traditionally speech science focuses on acoustics, this tutorial provides guidance on shaping the class to highlight the physiology underlying the acoustics. In this manner, students more easily see the clinical relevance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive Strategies for Breaking Barriers: Advancing Justice Initiatives in Speech-Language Pathology for Diverse Populations in Voice Management and Upper Airway Disorders","authors":"Sean U. Moonsammy, Teresa Procter, Maurice E. Goodwin, Phoebe Crumpton","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00138","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This clinical focus article examines the importance of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) initiatives in the field of speech-language pathology, particularly in the context of voice management and upper airway disorders.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We begin by acknowledging the growing focus on JEDI-related strategies, such as supporting students from diverse cultural backgrounds, measuring clinician competence in working with diverse clients, and increasing awareness of cultural and linguistic diversity in patient populations. We emphasize the need for both individual and systemic efforts to develop competence in JEDI initiatives. However, challenges exist in developing culturally responsive materials and documentation at a macro level, including the lack of research and resources in understanding the needs of diverse patient populations in voice and upper airway disorders. The clinical focus article highlights the absence of demographic data related to cultural and linguistic diversity in this field and discusses the challenges in developing language-specific materials, culturally relevant assessment tools, and therapeutic interventions aligned with cultural values and standards. Limited funding and resources further impede progress in JEDI initiatives and the development of tailored intervention models. Recognizing the impossibility of accounting for every unique intersectionality, the clinical focus article offers foundational steps toward creating an inclusive space and providing culturally responsive health care. It specifically focuses on gender-inclusive care, diagnostic considerations for socially linguistically diverse individuals, and addressing issues of clinical ableism.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The clinical focus article aims to identify and expand upon current resources for culturally responsive practice in the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, particularly in the context of voice and upper airway disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}