Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups最新文献

{"title":"Cough: An Introductory Guide for Speech-Language Pathologists","authors":"Carolyn K. Novaleski, Lucille A. Near, R. Benzo","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00203","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The airway defense mechanism of cough is essential for human survival. Recognition is growing about the distinct role of speech-language pathologists in the nonpharmacological management of various cough disorders. This clinical focus article aims to deliver relevant education about normal and pathological cough to strengthen existing clinical knowledge and skills.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The neuronal pathways underlying normal cough function are complex. Cough problems refer to either reduced or heightened cough stemming from various disease processes, and both clinical presentations have detrimental consequences. Current evidence supports that patients who suffer from cough dysfunction benefit from nonpharmacological interventions offered via speech therapy as an adjunct to medical treatments. Speech therapy strategies apply the higher cognitive components of cough by focusing on the deliberate modification and coordination of respiration. Future research priorities are positioned toward improving clinical outcomes for cough disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"51 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents' Perspectives of Augmentative and Alternative Communication: From Assessment to Implementation","authors":"Natalie R. Andzik, Alicia M. LaRouech, Allison Gladfelter","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Parents are known to be effective communication partners in their children's augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. This study aimed to better understand the parent perspective in the AAC acquisition, implementation, and handing processes across various primary disability labels and ages.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-two parents of children who use AAC engaged in phone interviews to discuss their family's experiences with AAC obtainment and intervention. A thematic analysis of the interview data was conducted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The following five themes emerged: assessment procedures, early recommendations for AAC, external variables that influence device access, supports and barriers parents face when navigating AAC use with their child, and what participants would do differently. Further subthemes were also established to categorize parent responses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings support the inclusion of family-centered care for children with complex communication needs who use AAC. Parent responses indicate a greater need for interprofessional communication between children's team members and their family to provide comprehensive support. Parents also emphasized a desire to introduce AAC earlier into their family.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nobody Has a Caseload Called,\u0000 Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury\u0000 ”: Rationale to Include TBI Content Into Audiology Programs","authors":"Bojana Šarkić, JacintaMary Douglas, Andre J. Simpson","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Understanding the wide-ranging effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including posttraumatic auditory and vestibular disturbances, is an essential part of shaping audiology students' readiness for clinical practice. Several recent audiology studies revealed discrepancies in knowledge and application among practicing audiologists in Australia concerning TBI. These studies emphasize the need of exploring the existing TBI-related curriculum within Australian graduate audiology programs.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A qualitative research design employing semistructured interviews was conducted. A total of six leading academic educators from all six Australian graduate audiology programs participated in the study. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Implementation of TBI content into audiological curricula was found to be influenced by three interrelated themes: professional culture, contextual barriers, and practice of teaching and learning.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings provide an insight into the perceived barriers associated with incorporating TBI-related content into existing audiology curricula. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing audiology curricula in relation to TBI, ensuring that graduate audiologists can provide high-quality care and management for patients with posttraumatic audiovestibular disturbances.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Children's Temperament and Their Emerging Prejudice Against Stuttering","authors":"Dahye Choi, Katelyn Maher-Hosford, Brenda L. Beverly","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of the present study was to determine whether typically developing children's temperament is associated with their awareness and emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The emotional reactivity and emotion regulation of 42 typically developing 3- to 7-year-old children were assessed using parent report of temperament (i.e., Children's Behavioral Questionnaire). Children viewed a video of two puppets, one with fluent speech and the other with nonfluent speech. Children were prompted to answer questions to assess their awareness of stuttering as well as their preference for fluent speech and negative evaluation of stuttering, with the latter two being combined to index children's emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings indicated that typically developing children's positive emotional reactivity was significantly associated with their verbally expressed awareness of stuttering. In addition, children's higher negative emotional reactivity was significantly associated with greater emerging prejudice against stuttering.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Findings were taken to suggest that young typically developing children's emotional reactivity may play an important role in developing awareness of stuttering and prejudice against stuttering in their early years.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"75 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the Surface: Rhoticity and Relevance in the Song “Surface Pressure” From Disney's\u0000 Encanto","authors":"Sarah Lockenvitz, Avery Brooks","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The song “Surface Pressure” from the Disney film\u0000 Encanto\u0000 is believed to have a relatively high number of opportunities for production practice of rhotic speech sounds in comparison to conversational tasks. Given the effectiveness of meaningful activities in speech-language intervention, incorporation of this song into treatment has the potential to benefit speech-disordered children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Transcription of “Surface Pressure” using the International Phonetic Alphabet was completed by two independent transcribers, and a consensus was reached on all discrepancies (94.8% consistency). Frequency of occurrence for different rhotic speech sounds was calculated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The song “Surface Pressure” contains a proportionally high number of the uncommon American English stressed and unstressed schwars at 5.32% of the total phonemes in the entirety of the song, compared to 2.21% in conversational American English. Over 9% of the total phonemes are characterized by some degree of rhoticity, compared to 6.08% in conversation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The construction of “Surface Pressure” creates an accessible and authentic opportunity for targeting errored productions of rhotic speech sounds in a potentially culturally and socially relevant way. Similar analyses could justify the use of other distinctive children's movie songs in place of more traditional methods of elicitation for various speech disorder assessment and intervention needs, all with the objective of offering meaningful, authentic, and relevant opportunities for desired productions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"61 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Slightly Thick Liquids for Improving Swallowing in Bottle-Fed Children With Aerodigestive Concerns","authors":"Renata Mancopes, Cheryl J. Hersh, Rebecca Baars, Vanessa Panes, Jessica Sorbo, Danielle Sutton, M. Péladeau-Pigeon, M. Fracchia, C. Steele","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00181","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Strategies for facilitating safe and functional bottle feeding in children with dysphagia include selecting nipples that reduce flow rate, pacing, altered positioning, and thickening liquid consistencies. We aimed to determine the impact of slightly thick liquids on swallowing through retrospective review of a convenience sample of clinical videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) from 60 bottle-fed children (21 boys and 39 girls, mean age of 9.9 months) referred due to suspected aspiration.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eligible VFSS exams were those in which the child swallowed both thin and slightly thick barium (40% w/v Varibar barium) using the same nipple. VFSS sequences (i.e., uninterrupted portions of the VFSS recording) were randomly assigned in duplicate for rating by trained raters; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Parameters measured included number of swallows/sequence, sucks/swallow, swallow and sequence duration, number and timing of penetration or aspiration events, laryngeal vestibule closure integrity, and pharyngeal residue. Chi-square tests, linear mixed-model analyses of variance, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests identified consistency effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There were no aspiration events in these recordings. Slightly thick liquids resulted in significantly fewer penetration events (\u0000 p\u0000 < .05), increased sucks/swallow, fewer swallows/sequence, and longer swallow and sequence durations. The number of children with ≥ 1 sequence showing pyriform sinus residue was significantly higher with slightly thick liquids.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Slightly thick liquids can be effective in reducing penetration in bottle-fed children with dysphagia. However, slightly thick liquids may also lead to a safety–efficiency trade-off, with increased risk of pyriform sinus residue. Thickening for children with dysphagia should be considered only when other approaches are not effective. Overthickening should be avoided to limit negative impact on swallowing efficiency.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"23 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Script Training to Improve Discourse in a Patient With Chronic Aphasia","authors":"Alexandra Hollo, Busra Ensar, Kimberly M. Meigh","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00161","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Script training is a well-known treatment designed to improve functional communication in patients with aphasia. In this clinical study, we examined the effects of low-tech script training for J.W., a 73-year-old patient with chronic nonfluent aphasia acquired at age 60 years.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Using a single-subject, multiple-baseline design across three scripts, we assessed the effects of script training on percent script correct (PSC) and words per minute (WPM). The study took place in a university-based outpatient clinic and consisted of six training sessions plus 15 min of recommended daily homework. We adapted standard procedures in accordance with J.W.'s individual strengths, limitations, and preferences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 J.W. reached criterion (PSC = 80%) within two to three training sessions across three scripts (pretreatment:\u0000 M\u0000 = 17%, posttreatment:\u0000 M\u0000 = 83%). Moreover, he improved in communication effectiveness, nearly doubling his rate of speech from pre- (\u0000 M\u0000 = 31.53 WPM) to posttreatment (\u0000 M\u0000 = 59.59 WPM) sessions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conclude that a brief script training intervention improved the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently for this patient with chronic aphasia. Anecdotally, J.W. also reported using the scripts successfully outside of the therapy room on a regular basis and expressed an interest in using script training in the future. Although methodological limitations of this clinical study must be considered, low-tech script training appears to have benefited this patient's ability to engage in functional discourse even 13 years poststroke.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138998443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Culturally Responsive Voice Care: Mitigating Disparities by Addressing Implicit Bias","authors":"Mariah E. Morton-Jones, Lauren Timmons Sund","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Access to voice care is central to improving the quality of life of patients with voice concerns. However, health care access is a dynamic, complex entity involving various factors, including the voice clinician. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to explicate the impactful role speech pathologists and voice clinicians may play in daily clinical practice to promote health equity through mitigating well-documented negative effects of personal implicit biases in health care and providing culturally responsive practices.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Evidence indicates that implicit bias has a grave impact on daily clinical practice and dialogue. Within the complexity of health care access, a clinician either creates barriers or facilitators that determine the acceptability and approachability of the care offered. Unaddressed implicit bias and lack of culturally responsive practices may reduce the quality of care and ultimately hinder a patient from seeking behavioral voice services. However, intentional practices sought by the clinician and health care team to resolve unconscious biases and promote culturally responsive care throughout the therapeutic process are obtainable, as we collectively strive toward health equity for all patients with voice concerns.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Oropharyngeal Swallowing Physiology and Functional Clinical Predictors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"K. Garand, Angela M. Malek, Kevin Renz Ambrocio","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00096","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 We aimed to quantify oropharyngeal swallowing physiology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and examine relationships between swallowing impairments and ratings of pulmonary function (forced vital capacity percent predicted, FVC % pre) and functional status (ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised, ALSFRS-R).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A retrospective analysis of swallowing-related data of persons with ALS (PALS) was completed. Their Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile component, Oral Total (OT), and Pharyngeal Total (PT) scores were compared with data from age- (±1 year) and sex-matched healthy controls retrieved from an archival normative data set using Mann–Whitney\u0000 U\u0000 tests. Relationships between PALS' OT and PT scores, FVC % pre, and ALSFRS-R were examined using Pearson product–moment correlations and multiple linear regression modeling.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-one PALS (12 women), with a mean age of 62.2 ± 9.9 years, were included in the analyses. Compared to healthy controls, PALS exhibited significantly worse function across 13 (76%) physiological swallowing components (all\u0000 p\u0000 < .05). OT and PT scores significantly differed between PALS and healthy controls (each\u0000 p\u0000 < .001), with higher scores (worse impairment) observed in the former. When adjusting for age and sex, FVC % pre was a significant predictor of OT score (\u0000 p\u0000 = .045). An inverse relationship was found with ALSFRS-R and OT score (\u0000 p\u0000 = .052). FVC % pre (\u0000 p\u0000 = .061) and ALSFRS-R (\u0000 p\u0000 = .54) did not significantly predict PT score.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PALS demonstrated swallowing impairments across oropharyngeal domains and the esophageal component. In our PALS cohort, FVC % pre was a useful clinical indicator of oral swallowing impairment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound Healing and Special Considerations for the Professional and Performing Voice","authors":"Abigail Dueppen, A. Joshi","doi":"10.1044/2023_persp-23-00083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_persp-23-00083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this article is to review the wound healing process of the vocal fold following phonomicrosurgery to remove benign vocal fold lesions in professional voice users. Understanding this process and the risk of developing scar tissue at the injury site is important for treatment of these individuals. This review also highlights special considerations during the postinjury rehabilitation period and the unique vocal loading tasks and needs of performing voice users. The goal of this article is to provide clinical tools for wound healing education to nonvoice-specialized speech-language pathologists to inform their rehabilitation of the professional and performing voice user.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Implications intrinsic to vocal fold physiology and the stages of wound healing necessitate the avoidance of scar tissue with a rehabilitation plan tailored to the unique vocal loading demands of professional and performing voice users. There is a need to develop specific rehabilitation protocols that are genre-specific to aid in the individual treatment of the elite vocal athlete.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}