Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups最新文献

{"title":"An Introduction to Machine Learning for Speech-Language Pathologists: Concepts, Terminology, and Emerging Applications.","authors":"Claire Cordella, Manuel J Marte, Hantian Liu, Swathi Kiran","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00037","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this article is to orient both clinicians and researchers to machine learning (ML) approaches as applied to the field of speech-language pathology. We first introduce key ML concepts and terminology and proceed to feature exemplar papers of recent work utilizing ML techniques in speech-language pathology. We also discuss the limitations, cautions, and challenges to the implementation of ML and related techniques in speech-language pathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Readers are introduced to broad ML concepts, including common ML tasks (e.g., classification, regression), and specific types of ML models (e.g., linear/logistic regression, random forest, support vector machines, neural networks). Key considerations for developing, evaluating, validating, and interpreting ML models are discussed. An application section reviews six exemplar published papers in the aphasiology literature that have utilized ML approaches. Lastly, limitations to the implementation of ML approaches are discussed, including issues of reliability, validity, bias, and explainability. We highlight emergent solutions and next steps to facilitate responsible and clinically meaningful use of ML approaches in speech-language pathology moving forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"10 2","pages":"432-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Case Study: Pediatric Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction.","authors":"Robert Brinton Fujiki, Amanda Edith Fujiki","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00150","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical scenario: </strong>Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) consists of exertion-induced laryngeal adduction that constricts the airway and causes dyspnea. Respiratory retraining (i.e., therapy) with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is the primary treatment for EILO, yet there is limited work describing typical treatment course in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Clinical question: </strong>What are some clinical procedures and considerations for treating EILO in an adolescent?</p><p><strong>Study sources: </strong>This study describes a clinical case of EILO in a 13-year-old female. Case history, self-reported outcomes, and laryngeal imaging findings are reported with reference to current EILO literature.</p><p><strong>Primary results: </strong>A 13-year-old female presented to the clinic with a 2-year history of episodic dyspnea. Symptoms included inhalation difficulty, throat tightness, and biphasic stridor. Symptoms were triggered by physical exertion, the scents of cleaners, and high humidity. Symptom onset following trigger exposure was rapid and resolved quickly upon exercise cessation or trigger removal. Symptoms prevented participation in athletic activities and caused emotional distress. Laryngeal imaging revealed arytenoid twitching and paradoxical vocal fold motion upon inhalation. Laryngeal adduction upon inhalation ranged from partial to complete. Respiratory retraining with an SLP was recommended. Following three treatment sessions, the patient demonstrated proficiency with rescue breathing techniques and reported improved EILO symptoms. Posttherapy Dyspnea Index score reflected a 14-point improvement when compared with baseline. Diagnostic procedures, treatment course, and implications are discussed in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case supports previous study and describes both the nature of EILO and the implications for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"10 1","pages":"158-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Self-Reported Quality of Life in Developmental Language Disorder.","authors":"Caroline Larson","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00122","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a lifelong condition associated with poorer outcomes than neurotypical peers, yet relatively little is known about long-term quality of life in DLD. This preliminary study adopts a neurodiversity-informed approach by exploring <i>self-reported</i> quality of life in an adolescent and young adult DLD sample, as well as linguistic and risk factors contributing to quality of life.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were five individuals with DLD aged 12-20 years (<i>M</i> = 15.60, <i>SD</i> = 3.05). I administered two self-report quality-of-life scales, a language assessment, an experimental morphosyntax task, and measures of risk factors. Data were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants generally reported positive views about their quality of life, although accessing accommodations and health services emerged as barriers. Relatively better grammaticality judgment performance appeared to be linked with poorer ratings of happiness and the ability to \"be yourself.\" Nonverbal ability represented a potential risk factor, although there may be a stronger cumulative role for risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participants with DLD reported relatively good quality of life. Exploratory findings suggest barriers to quality of life in some contexts, as well as roles for individual differences in language and risk factors. These descriptive findings should be examined in larger scale studies and may represent areas of consideration when clinicians address functional challenges that impact mental health and well-being in individuals with DLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"10 1","pages":"136-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12520234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-Language Pathologists' Language Practices during Speech-Language Therapy for Bilingual Children.","authors":"Megan C Gross, Kylie Dubé","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00194","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous research and clinical practice guidelines indicate that it is best practice to support bilingual children with communication disorders in both of their languages. However, there is a shortage of bilingual speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States. Therefore, it is important to examine how SLPs with varying linguistic backgrounds serve their bilingual clients. This study investigated the language practices of SLPs during intervention with bilingual children and identified needed resources.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This convergent mixed-methods study included a survey and semi-structured interviews, with interviewees sampled purposively based on survey responses. Quantitative analyses were examined alongside qualitative themes to address each research question.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 21.5% of the bilingual clients described by survey respondents were reported to receive intervention in both of their languages. SLPs who shared both languages with their clients and had a professional level of proficiency were more likely to provide services in both languages and to engage in code-switching during sessions. Qualitative analysis revealed creative strategies that SLPs used to overcome their own linguistic limitations when they lacked skills in a client's heritage language. Although practices varied based on the SLP's linguistic background, respondents identified similar priorities, including more bilingual providers and access to training, multilingual materials, and interpreters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study contributes insights into <i>how</i> SLPs serve their bilingual clients and what resources are needed to improve services. Although this study focused on Massachusetts and had a small sample, the findings may apply to other states, and there may be benefits to addressing these questions at a state level to provide targeted advocacy, training, and resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"10 1","pages":"288-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12327431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Challenging Questions About Outcomes in Children With Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Susan T Sehgal, Irina Castellanos, William G Kronenberger, David B Pisoni","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00094","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cochlear implants (CIs) have improved the quality of life for many children with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Despite the reported CI benefits of improved speech recognition, speech intelligibility, and spoken language processing, large individual differences in speech and language outcomes are still consistently reported in the literature. The enormous variability in CI outcomes has made it challenging to predict which children may be at high risk for limited benefits and how potential risk factors can be improved with interventions. In this article, we consider four challenging, unresolved issues that exist in the field of pediatric cochlear implantation (age at implantation, comorbid diagnoses, preimplant functioning in infants, and communication modality) to illustrate the value of adopting a broader integrated multidisciplinary approach to explaining variability and individual differences in outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four challenging and unresolved issues concerning our ability to predict individual differences before implantation were discussed. In order to address some of the current barriers to progress in dealing with these unresolved issues, a biopsychosocial system model is proposed as a possible unifying approach to conceptualizing these issues. Additionally, several new research directions to better understand and explain variability in pediatric CI outcomes are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"9 6","pages":"1691-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11741186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Implementation of an Aural Rehabilitation Program Using Community Health Workers in Rural Alabama.","authors":"Marcia J Hay-McCutcheon, Abigail Hubbard, Emma B Brothers, Kerstin Straub, Rebecca S Allen, Claudia Hardy, Nancy Tye-Murray","doi":"10.1044/2024_PERSP-24-00083","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_PERSP-24-00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Considering the lack of audiological care in many areas across the United States, it is crucial to develop new models of hearing health care. Described within this document is a procedure used to develop and implement an aural rehabilitation (AR) program and a community health worker (CHW) educational training program in West Central and South Alabama. The AR program and the CHW educational training program were used to assist those with hearing loss in rural Alabama communities who received over-the-counter hearing aids (OTC HAs). The work described was part of a registered clinical trial (NCT04671381) with OTC HAs in rural Alabama communities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The development and implementation of the AR program and CHW training program was conducted using foundational work from experiential learning principals and from experts in AR and community outreach and engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the course of 3 years from March 2021 to March 2024, the AR program and CHW training were developed and implemented. Guidance from the study personnel, consultants, and CHWs helped to refine the AR program and CHW training after implementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future studies will assess the success of the AR program through quantifying outcomes from speech perception testing and survey completion obtained from adults in rural communities who enroll in the OTC HA clinical trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"9 5","pages":"1367-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Sign.","authors":"Christyn Jackson, Lauren Hagstrom, Karen Emmorey","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00042","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We provide a case report of \"Zoe,\" a 4-year-old deaf child from a deaf signing family, who presented with a possible case of Childhood Apraxia of Sign (CASign).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The description is based on reports from the child's speech-language pathologist, her Individualized Education Program report, and a clinician-created sign imitation task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zoe's sign articulation errors in American Sign Language differed from those reported for typically developing deaf children and were parallel to the types of errors observed for hearing children with childhood apraxia of speech. Specifically, Zoe produced inconsistent errors across signs, substituted more complex handshapes for simple handshapes, made errors on both unmarked (common) and marked (less common) forms, produced articulatory distortions (rather than substitutions), and exhibited \"groping\" behaviors (a sequence of attempts to move her hands into the correct position). In addition, Zoe sometimes self-corrected her errors by manipulating her own hands, for example, using her left hand to move the thumb of her right hand into the correct position.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zoe's pattern of sign errors is consistent with an underlying deficit in motor planning and/or programming and may constitute the first reported case of CASign.</p>","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"9 5","pages":"1427-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences","authors":"Timothy Huang, Yao Du, Siena Sun, Nadhiya Ito, Lei Sun, Betty Yu, Li-Rong Lilly Cheng, H. S. Chiou","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-24-00071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this viewpoint is to outline and describe the Asian Pacific Islander (API) Speech-Language-Hearing Caucus's initiatives to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in speech-language pathology and audiology. Specifically, we discuss the caucus's efforts through research and community advocacy. Through research, the Counter Story Project, led by Breslin et al. (2022), was a qualitative study that documented and analyzed systemic racism experienced by AAPI professionals. Thematic findings revealed microaggressions in professional settings and racial overgeneralizations on AAPIs' communication and cultural upbringing. Through community advocacy, the caucus provides a wide array of programs and events, including Anti-Racism Learning Community, API Speaker Series, Bilingual Assessment and Treatment Resources, Career Panel, API Caucus Research and Clinical Symposium, Graduate School Panel, API Scholarship, and API Mentorship Program.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Through these initiatives, the caucus strives for recruitment and retention of AAPI audiologists and speech-language pathologists to achieve its long-term mission of providing accessible and quality speech, language, and hearing services to AAPI communities in the United States.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"109 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Book Reading Experiences for Young Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems","authors":"Braelyn Wence, Ciera M. Lorio, Amy Yacucci","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-23-00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-23-00230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Shared book reading (SBR) is an evidence-based literacy activity that promotes the development of oral language and emergent literacy skills in young children; however, literature regarding best practices for parents of children with developmental disabilities under the age of 5 years, specifically those with complex communication needs, is severely limited. In this descriptive study, we aimed to better understand how families of toddlers/preschoolers incorporated augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) into SBR interactions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Videos of SBR interactions were collected across five families with children between 35 and 48 months of age who used AAC systems. Three families had previous training in AAC use during SBR; two families did not have previous training and reportedly did not use their child's AAC system during typical SBR interactions at home. Thus, SBR without AAC was considered “typical” for these two families, and behaviors were compared across two conditions: SBR without AAC and SBR with AAC. Each video was coded for a variety of parent and child behaviors, including asking questions, repetitions, modeling/commenting, expanding/extending, defining vocabulary, affirmations, initiations, and responses. The communication modality used was coded for each behavior.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Analysis of the video coding revealed that parents used a variety of strategies and that children relied on multimodal means of communication during SBR. For the two families who had videos collected across two conditions, namely, SBR without AAC and SBR with AAC, family AAC use increased the overall duration of SBR activities. For all families, the frequency of parent SBR strategy use increased the SBR duration.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study adds to the limited research on SBR practices with toddlers/preschoolers who use AAC. Directions for future research and the implications of the study are discussed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26240408\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for Expanding the Clinical Role of Audiologists in Hospitals in Mainland China: Insights From a Survey-Based Study","authors":"Shangqiguo Wang, Changgeng Mo, Cheng Zhao, Xiaoli Shen, Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1044/2024_persp-24-00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_persp-24-00080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aims to collect information on the current duties and educational backgrounds of clinical audiologists in mainland Chinese hospitals, aiming to making recommendations for the scope of practice for them.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A survey-based study focused on clinical audiologists in mainland China was conducted. This survey sought to collect comprehensive information regarding their educational backgrounds, work duties, and responsibilities. After reaching out to a potential pool of 495 participants within an online community of clinical audiologists, 162 responses were received from various hospitals across mainland China.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The survey findings indicate that most clinical audiologists in China are primarily engaged in hearing/auditory-related assessments. Although most respondents have received proper clinical audiology training, with 98.77% holding a bachelor's degree or higher, their role closely resembles that of audiology technicians, with many lacking the authority to explain test results to patients (60.49%) or to choose specific assessments (75.93%). Despite their substantial training in audiology, the scope of their clinical responsibilities is notably limited.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Given the extensive audiological training that these professionals undergo and the growing demand for audiology and hearing care services in China, there is a compelling justification for expanding the duties of clinical audiologists in Chinese hospitals. Such an expansion could encompass audiological consultations and a more direct role in patient care, thereby improving the quality and accessibility of audiology services in China.\u0000","PeriodicalId":74424,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}