Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"<i>GCK</i> Mutation Analysis and Clinical Profiles of Chinese Pediatric Patients with MODY2: Insights into Screening and Diagnosis.","authors":"Chang Su, Yurong Piao, Congli Chen, Yuqi Miao, Di Wu, Yanmei Sang","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S537441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S537441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical and genetic features of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY 2) in Chinese pediatric patients and optimize the screening strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 11 Chinese pediatric patients diagnosed with MODY2 were enrolled in this study. Detailed clinical data and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively collected and summarized. Genetic testing was conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and all identified variations were verified by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All cases carried heterozygous mutations in the <i>GCK</i> gene. 9 pathogenic variations were identified, including 8 missense mutations, 1 frameshift mutation, and 1 splice-site mutation. Among these, the mutation c.456T>G was novel. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.1±2.7 (years). 10 of 11 cases had a family history of hyperglycemia or diabetes. 2 cases were overweight. Patients exhibited mild hyperglycemia. The median HbA1c was 6.3% (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.3%-6.4%). Glucose increment in OGTT was 1.68±0.95 mmol/L. Mean triglyceride level was 0.62±0.15 mmol/L. Two cases were positive for insulin antibodies. All cases were treated with a balanced diet after diagnosis. The follow-up period was 1.5-7 years, and the median HbA1c was 6.3% (IQR: 6.2%-6.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MODY2 typically manifests with mild, stable fasting hyperglycemia and is predominantly caused by missense mutations in the <i>GCK</i> gene. Our findings support the inclusion of triglyceride levels as a screening marker and highlight that features like overweight status and autoantibody positivity may coexist in MODY2, warranting comprehensive evaluation to prevent misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"289-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Levels of CD40L and NGAL in Umbilical Cord Blood of Preterm Infants with Moderate to Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Their Clinical Value: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Weina Li, Xiuya Guo, Xian He, Huanhuan Ma, Yan Li, Linlin Fu, Xuemin Qie","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S535128","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S535128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the concentrations of cluster of differentiation CD40 ligand (CD40L) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in preterm infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as well as to elucidate their clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 138 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2021 and October 2022 were enrolled and divided into two groups: moderate to severe BPD (n=14) and non-BPD controls (n=124). Clinical data were collected. CD40L and NGAL levels in umbilical cord blood were measured by ELISA. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors and evaluate diagnostic value using ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants with moderate to severe BPD had lower 1-minute Apgar scores, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and higher prevalence of maternal smoking and intrauterine infection (all <i>P</i><0.05). CD40L and NGAL levels were significantly higher in BPD infants (<i>P</i><0.001). Pearson analysis showed a strong positive correlation between CD40L and NGAL (r=0.800, <i>P</i><0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified maternal smoking (OR=1.092, 95% CI: 1.030-1.158), intrauterine infection (OR=1.136, 95% CI: 1.027-1.256), elevated CD40L (OR=1.138, 95% CI: 1.042-1.242), and NGAL (OR=1.270, 95% CI: 1.063-1.518) as independent risk factors for BPD. ROC analysis confirmed the diagnostic utility of CD40L and NGAL, with combined assessment showing superior predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated levels of CD40L and NGAL in umbilical cord blood of preterm infants with moderate to severe BPD suggest that these biomarkers have high diagnostic value for moderate to severe BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children with Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia: Identification of Key Risk Factors.","authors":"Jiying Xiao, Li Zhang, Lin Su, Kamran Ali, Suling Wu, Min Zhao","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S533387","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S533387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify the risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) development in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia (SAP) and to construct and validate a nomogram prediction model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 152 pediatric patients with SAP between January 2019 and December 2023. We categorized these patients as having developed BO (n=36) and non-BO (n=116) based on long-term follow-up outcomes. Key clinical features were optimized using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and a nomogram was developed using logistic regression. Model performance was assessed and validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LASSO regression analysis initially identified nine potential clinical predictors. Subsequent univariable and multivariable logistic regression revealed four independent risk factors significantly associated with BO development, namely, younger age, Odds ratio (OR) =0.94, 95% CI, 0.90-0.99, <i>p</i>=0.010; longer duration of fever, OR=2.27, 95% CI, 1.52-3.39, <i>p</i><0.001; requirement for tracheoscopy, OR=5.25, 95% CI, 1.06-26.09, <i>p</i>=0.040; and extended oxygen therapy, OR=1.64, 95% CI, 1.10-2.43, <i>p</i>=0.010. The final prediction model incorporated three key predictors (months of age, fever duration, and oxygen therapy duration) into a clinically practical nomogram. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95, 95% CI, 0.91-0.98, a sensitivity of 0.83, and a specificity of 0.93. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test, χ2=5.24, <i>p</i>=0.732 indicated good calibration, and the DCA demonstrated positive clinical benefits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed and validated a clinically practical nomogram, incorporating three key predictors mainly, months of age, fever duration, and oxygen therapy duration in predicting BO in children with SAP.The model demonstrates strong discriminatory power, reliable calibration, and clinical utility. This tool enables early risk stratification, facilitating timely intervention for high-risk pediatric SAP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"267-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyroptosis-Related Molecular Clusters and Immune Infiltration in Pediatric Sepsis.","authors":"Mingxin Lin, Chenxi Li, Ye Wang, Jingping Liu, Huiming Ye","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S521939","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S521939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric sepsis is a complex and heterogeneous condition resulting from a dysregulated immune response to infection. Pyroptosis, a newly recognized form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in the progression of various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of pyroptosis-related genes in pediatric sepsis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the GSE13904 dataset, we explored the pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pediatric sepsis. We analyzed the molecular clusters based on pyroptosis-related DEGs. The WGCNA algorithm was performed to identify cluster-specific DEGs. The optimal machine model was identified by multiple machine learning methods (RF, SVM, GLM, XGB). The diagnostic value of hub genes in pediatric sepsis was verified in the training (GSE13904) and validation set (GSE26440) through ROC. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression levels of 5 hub genes in whole blood between the pediatric sepsis and the control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dysregulated pyroptosis-related DEGs were identified in pediatric sepsis. Three pyroptosis-related molecular clusters were determined in pediatric sepsis. SVM presented the best discriminative performance with relatively lower residual and root mean square error. The nomogram, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis indicated the accuracy of SVM model to predict pediatric sepsis. 5 hub genes based on SVM presented satisfactory performance in the training and validation sets. These hub genes expression levels in pediatric sepsis were significantly higher than those in healthy controls in clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study systematically analyzed the relationship between pyroptosis and pediatric sepsis, and constructed a promising predictive model to evaluate the risk of pediatric sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"249-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Synchronous Heart Sound Electrocardiogram in Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome.","authors":"Fengling Zhang, Yonglin Chen, Li Zhang, Bo Hu, Zhaotang Lin, Muqing Niu, Shupei Ding, Fang Jiang, Jinyong Pan","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S527129","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S527129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common autonomic dysfunction in children. The head-up test (HUT) or head-up tilt test (HUTT) is typically required to confirm the diagnosis of POTS. This study describes a novel approach to diagnosing POTS in children by simultaneous measurement and analysis of heart sounds and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using a wearable device.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic value of synchronous heart sound and ECG monitoring in identifying POTS in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included a total of 50 children. Twenty-five children with POTS were admitted to the hospital with symptoms of syncope or orthostatic intolerance, while twenty-five children who came to the hospital for a health checkup were included as the control group. All children underwent synchronous phonocardiography and ECG monitoring with wearable devices to simultaneously record heart sounds and ECG signals. Wavelet analysis was used to automatically analyze heart sounds and ECG signals to determine the Electromechanical Activity Time (EMAT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the POTS group, EMAT decreased significantly from supine to upright position (75.71 ± 9.16 ms vs 70.90 ± 10.86 ms, P = 0.0051), while the change in the control group was not significant (58.92 ± 4.10 ms vs 55.50 ± 9.89 ms, P = 0.100). The difference in EMAT change (upright-supine) was significantly greater in the POTS group (3.39±5.91 ms) than in controls (0.58 ±5.70 ms, P = 0.038).Precision-recall curve (PRC) analysis demonstrated that the average precision (AP) for EMAT in the supine position was 0.84, while the AP for the upright position was 0.88.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simultaneous heart sound and ECG analysis using a wearable device is a simple, noninvasive approach that aids in the diagnosis of pediatric POTS. EMAT serves as a valuable discriminative marker between patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"237-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12434323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Non-Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infections: A Global Population Based Study.","authors":"Marina Bahaa Monir Zakhary Gad El Sayed, Dennis Tai, Lucy Yu, Daniel Novak, Amrita Dosanjh","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S515071","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S515071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are Mycobacterial pathogens that cause pulmonary infections among children, particularly those with underlying lung conditions or immunosuppression. Clinical presentations include chronic cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, radiographic imaging, and microbiological confirmation, while treatment often requires prolonged, multidrug antibiotic regimens. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of pulmonary NTM infections in a non-cystic fibrosis pediatric population from four distinct age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study as cross-sectional design for data collection from the TriNetX platform, a global electronic health record database. Inclusion criteria targeted pediatric patients aged 0-18 years with pulmonary NTM, while exclusion criteria included cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, smoking history, and cutaneous NTM infections. The cohort comprised 109 cases among 0-2 years (mean age 2 years), 401 cases among 3-5 years (mean age 4 years), 1,074 cases among 6-12 years (mean age 9 years), and 760 cases among 13-18 years (mean age 15 years). Demographics, comorbidities, and inflammatory markers were analyzed. Logistic and binomial regression models were used to evaluate associations between age group and five-year outcomes of pediatric pulmonary NTM, reporting odds ratios (OR), risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 2,344 records of pediatric patients examined, the most common comorbidities included malignancies (36%), acute pharyngitis (78%), asthma (46%), unspecified pneumonia (46%), and immunodeficiencies (22%). Female patients represented 53.31% of cases. Key inflammatory markers (eg C-reactive protein (CRP), mean white blood cell count, ferritin) were elevated among older age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights age-specific variations in risk factors, clinical outcomes, and inflammatory responses, offering potential insights for improved diagnosis and management of NTM in children. These results underscore the importance of further research in pediatric cohorts with NTM to better understand its role in pediatric pulmonary conditions and comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia, Inflammation, and Cytokine Crosstalk in Sickle Cell Disease: From Mechanisms to Modulation- A Narrative Review.","authors":"Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S544217","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S544217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited group of hemoglobinopathies characterized by the polymerization of hemoglobin S, chronic hemolytic anemia, and vaso-occlusion. The interplay between inflammation and hypoxia is central to the pathophysiologic manifestations of SCD and drives many of its complications. In this narrative review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between inflammatory pathways and hypoxic stress, with a focus on immune dysregulation, endothelial activation, and redox imbalance. The paper also highlights how mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glycolytic shifts affecting 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and complement activation contribute to disease exacerbation. The review critically examines limitations of in vitro and animal models in mimicking the complex human pathophysiology, underscoring the need for translational research and clinical studies, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, the paper evaluates emerging therapeutic interventions targeting inflammatory and hypoxia-related pathways, including small molecules, biologics, and gene-modifying strategies. Recognizing the heterogeneity in disease severity, this narrative review emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment approaches, integration of non-invasive biomarkers, and enhanced infrastructure for clinical trials in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thoracoscopic Resection of a Mediastinal Mature Cystic Teratoma in a Two-month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Hsuan Huang, Paul Chia-Yu Chang, Yi-Ting Yeh, Yi-Hsin Lin","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S535366","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S535366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mediastinal teratomas are rare in the pediatric population and are even more infrequent in neonates and young infants. Early detection and appropriate surgical intervention are critical to avoid complications associated with airway compression. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic resection has emerged as a viable approach, though its application in infants remains technically challenging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We present the case of a two-month-old male infant who was referred with progressive respiratory distress. Imaging revealed a well-circumscribed middle mediastinal mass compressing the left main bronchus. Thoracoscopic resection was performed after multidisciplinary planning. Intraoperatively, a cystic teratoma was identified, and decompression of its contents facilitated excision. A small bronchial perforation was noted and successfully repaired thoracoscopically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological analysis confirmed a mature cystic teratoma without malignant features. The postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up imaging at four months showed no recurrence. This case demonstrates that thoracoscopic resection is a safe and effective option for managing mediastinal mature cystic teratomas in very young infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case contributes to the growing evidence supporting thoracoscopy as a preferred approach in selected pediatric mediastinal lesions. With meticulous planning, technical expertise, and postoperative care, minimally invasive surgery can provide excellent clinical and cosmetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12338318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Death and Predictors Among Neonates with Neural Tube Defects in Two Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Ezedin Mohammed Hiyar, Girum Sebsibie Teshome, Feven Mulugeta Ashagre, Solomon Hailesilassie Bisrat, Terefe Keto, Mehuba Hassen Ali","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S527499","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S527499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neural tube defects are a collection of intricate congenital abnormalities that affect the central nervous system. Neural tube defects cause 88,000 deaths globally and 29% in developing countries. Neural tube defects take a significant portion of the congenital anomalies in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the time to death, as hazard and predictors among neonates with neural tube defects in two public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing medical charts of 410 randomly selected neonates with neural tube defects, registered from 2018 to 2022 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data collection and entry was done from February 20 to March 20/2023 using KoboCollect v2022.4.4. STATA/14 was used for data screening, and SPSS/27 was used for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used for inferential analysis. Findings with p ≤ 0.05 were observed as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 410 neonates were followed for 4100 person-days of risk time and 35 (8.54%) of neonates expired. The overall incidence rate of mortality was 8.54 per 1000 neonate days of observation with a median survival time of 25 days (95% CI: 22.7-27.3). Being preterm, Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 2.62, (95% CI 1.12, 6.14), having low birth weight (AHR: 2.62, 95% CI 1.13, 6.10), encephalocele (AHR: 3.77, 95% CI 1.65, 8.62), cervical and occipital lesion level (AHR: 3.97, 95% CI, 1.17, 13.49), presence of hydrocephalus (AHR: 3.98, 95% CI 1.55, 10.21), and Chiari-II malformation (AHR: 2.40, 95% CI 1.03, 5.57) were demonstrated to be statistically significant predictors of time to death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cumulative incidence of death of neonates diagnosed with neural tube defects was observed. Early diagnosis and timely management of patients is decisive in lowering the mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Care Practices in Indian Newborns and Infants: Current Scenario.","authors":"Arun Inamadar, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar, Priti Thakor, Sneha Menon","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S494651","DOIUrl":"10.2147/PHMT.S494651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to adults, the skin of newborns and infants is more prone to trauma and infection and requires appropriate care for proper maturation and function. Efforts are ongoing to comprehend how skin care practices and products affect the healthy development of newborn skin. The situation in India is more difficult because newborns and infants' skin is often treated with both conventional and modern methods. Additionally, there is a lack of substantial scientific evidence regarding some of the skin care practices for newborns and infants in India. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the current state of skin care in Indian newborns and infant populations. This review article was developed after conducting an in-depth literature analysis on the current skincare practices for newborns and infants. It focuses on the evidence supporting the best skin care practices in various settings, including hospital and intensive care units, home practices for massage and bathing, selection and use of emollients and other skin care products, and diaper area care. The role of Anganwadi workers in neonatal or infant care is also reviewed. Hence, there is need for standardized guidelines that incorporate both traditional and modern practices to ensure the health and safety of infants. Moreover, addressing the cultural and regional variations in skin care practices can promote better adherence to recommendations among caregivers. In conclusion, further research is required to establish evidence-based practices tailored to suit the Indian scenario and enhance skin care outcomes for newborns and infants. This review aims to inform Indian pediatricians, dermatologists, and primary care physicians about appropriate skin care practices, ultimately improving the overall health and well-being of newborns and infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"16 ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}