Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Growth Monitoring Practice and Associated Factors Among Health Professionals at Public Health Facilities of Bahir Dar Health Centers, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021","authors":"Migbaru Tesfa, Kedir Abdela Gonete, Yawkal Chane, Senay Yohannes","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S355214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S355214","url":null,"abstract":"Background Growth monitoring and promotion are one of the health priorities in assessing the growth rate of a child. Appropriate growth monitoring and promotion services enable health professionals to control growth faltering and child mortality. However, there is limited information on the growth monitoring practice of health professionals and their associated factors at public health facilities of Bahir Dar health centers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the growth monitoring practice of health professionals and associated factors at public health facilities of Bahir Dar health centers, northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study for quantitative and phenomenology for qualitative was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 2021, among 314 health professionals, in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia. Census was used. A self-administered questionnaire was employed for quantitative data. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi-info version 7.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis, and the binary logistic regression was employed. In the bi-variable analysis, those variables with a p-value less than 0.2 were fitted to multivariable analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Results The overall growth monitoring practice of health professionals at Bahir Dar public health centers was 30.3%, with a response rate of 98.1. The number of participants who had at least a degree was [AOR = 3.57; 95% CI: 1.54, 8.26], health professionals who had greater than 11 years of work experience [AOR = 2.98; CI: 1.36, 6.53], those who took training [AOR = 5.11; CI: 2.20, 11.90], availability of growth monitoring equipment [AOR = 4.44; CI: 1.97, 9.98], those who had lesser workload (saw less than 25 children’s per day) [AOR = 3.02; CI: 1.16, 7.86], those who had good knowledge [AOR = 4.60; CI: 2.06, 10.31] and favorable attitude [AOR = 2.58; CI: 1.14, 5.83] were significantly associated with growth monitoring practice. Conclusion The overall growth monitoring practice among health professionals of Bahir Dar public health centers was low. Work experience, age, educational status, knowledge, attitude, workload, training, and availability of growth monitoring equipment were key predictors of growth monitoring practice among health professionals in Bahir Dar public health centers. Therefore, regular supportive supervision from the regarded body, provision of training to health professionals and fulfill growth monitoring equipment are all necessary measures to provide a better growth monitoring service.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"195 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Ethiopia During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik, Mahlet Abayneh, Mebratu Abraha, Sisay Sirgu Betizazu, Betregiorgis Hailu Zegeye","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S359333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S359333","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Most previous pediatric COVID-19 studies reported milder disease in children. However, there are limited pediatric data from low-income settings. We aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Setting St. Paul’s COVID-19 treatment center; a tertiary COVID-19 center. Pediatric care was provided in a dedicated ward but with a common ICU. Methods St. Paul’s Hospital COVID-19 cohort (SPC-19) included inpatient COVID-19 RT-PCR confirmed cases from August 2020 to January 2021. Data were extracted from case report forms attached to patient charts and completed by the clinicians. Data were uploaded into the Redcap database and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regression and chi-square test were used in the analysis. Results Seventy-nine patients 0–19 years were included from the SPC-19 cohort over 6 months. Pediatric admissions accounted for 11% of cases in the cohort. The mean age (SD) was 6.9 (±6.36) years and 40 (50.6%) were female. The disease was asymptomatic or mild in 57 (72.2%), moderate in 15 (19%), and severe or critical in 7 (8.8%). The commonest presentations in symptomatic children were prostration (26.6%) followed by vomiting (12.7%), fever and cough (11.4% each), and dyspnea (10%). About 53 (67%) children had multimorbidity, and 14 (17.7%) children died. All deaths were in children with comorbidities with tuberculosis and malignancy being associated with 43% of deaths. Nearly 5% of children reported long-COVID symptoms highlighting the need for prolonged follow-up in those children. Conclusion Despite lower admissions and severity, high mortality and morbidity was documented in our pediatric cohort. The presence of comorbidity and inadequate care organization likely contributed to high mortality. COVID-19 centers of low-income settings should emphasize optimizing the care of children with COVID-19 and multimorbidity, and vaccination should be considered in those children to prevent high morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48784532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Malaria Morbidity Among School-Aged Children Living in East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Case–Control Study","authors":"Mohammedawel Abdishu, T. Gobena, M. Damena, Hassen Abdi, Abdi Birhanu","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S347621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S347621","url":null,"abstract":"Background Understanding the determinants of malaria morbidity offers helpful insights toward the changing malaria situation, which might lead to the adjustment of malaria program activities. Even though the determinants of malaria morbidity remain unknown, school-aged children were the highest malaria morbidity contributors in the East Hararghe Zone. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of malaria morbidity among school-aged children in the study area from February 1 to May 31, 2020. Methods A case-control study was conducted among school-aged children living in ten randomly selected low, moderate, and high malaria transmission kebeles. Cases were confirmed as positive for malaria, while controls were confirmed as negative for malaria among randomly selected school-aged children. Rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) and blood film (BF) malaria testing methods were used. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify association between malaria and its determinants. Results The determinants of malaria infection were having no formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.91, 95% CI: 1.20–20.17), low family wealth index (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.22–5.12), being from rural residence (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.87–4.12), living near to stagnant water (AOR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.14–3.54), having a maximum of three family members (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.18–0.78), using indoor residual spraying (IRS) (AOR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.08–0.29) and long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLITN) over the last night (AOR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.10–0.35), and living in the house surrounded by cultivated land(AOR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.10-0.60) compared with their counterparts. Conclusion This study revealed that residence, family size, education, wealth index, stagnant water existence, and using LLITN and IRS had significant association with malaria morbidity. Thus, all concerned bodies, including the community should strengthen working on stagnant water elimination around their house to cut the breeding site of the malaria vector mosquito. Moreover, the findings have an important implication for improving interventions targeting the economic status and literacy of the society that may help in the reduction of the risk of malaria in the school-aged children.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"183 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46132296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Hydrocephalus and Associated Risk Factors: An Institution-Based Case–Control Study, Dessie Town, North East Ethiopia","authors":"M. Abebe, G. Seyoum, Bahru Emamu, Demissie Teshome","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S364447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S364447","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Congenital hydrocephalus is one of the commonest congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. It is characterized by extensive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain due to an imbalance between synthesis and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. This study was planned to investigate the incidence and associated risk factors of congenital hydrocephalus. Methods Unmatched case–control study was conducted in 34 (cases) and 104 (controls) pregnant women. Maternal data were collected from a structured questionnaire, and fetal-related data were recorded from obstetric ultrasound. Epi-info 7 and SPSS version 24 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. The association between congenital hydrocephalus and risk factors was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus was 2.67 per 1000 pregnancies. The result of multivariate logistic regression indicated that alcohol use and iron with folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were significantly associated with the development of congenital hydrocephalus (OR: 7.64, 95% CI: 1.97–29.66 and p-value: 0.003 and OR: 0.186, 95% CI: 0.07–0.49 and p-value: 0.001, respectively). Maternal exposure to typhus and typhoid and use of antibiotics during early pregnancy were also significantly associated with congenital hydrocephalus. Moreover, significant association was also observed between the simultaneous development of spina bifida and congenital hydrocephalus (p-value 0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, alcohol consumption, unprescribed use of antibiotics and infection during pregnancy as well as absence of folic acid supplementation may predispose to congenital hydrocephalus.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"175 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49392286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Interventions in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"M. Iversen, M. André, J. von Heideken","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S282611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S282611","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Children with juvenile arthritis (JA) experience pain, stiffness, fatigue, and decreased motion leading to difficulties with daily activities and low physical activity (PA). PA is critical to improve health and function and mitigate JA-associated symptoms. This study evaluated the evidence for PA interventions in children with JA. Materials and Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PA interventions in children with JA was conducted. Ovid (Medline), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases were searched for papers published in English between 1/1/1946 and 9/1/2021. Studies which concurrently assessed medical interventions were excluded. Participant and intervention characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Study internal validity and intervention attributes were assessed. Results A total of 555 studies were identified, with 13 studies from 10 countries included. Data from 672 children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (range of mean ages, 8.7 to 16.1 years) were analyzed. Fifty-two percent of intervention arms incorporated strengthening exercise alone or combined with other exercise, with 61.9% performed 3x/week. About 43.5% of sessions lasted >45 to ≤60 minutes and 65.2% of programs were ≥12 to <28 weeks. PA interventions improved function and symptoms without adverse events. Intervention details were missing especially regarding PA intensity, reasons for dropouts, and adherence. Only two studies incorporated strategies to promote adherence. Discussion RCTs of PA interventions in JA only include JIA. Available RCTs used mixed modes of interventions. Reporting of PA interventions lacks sufficient detail to discern the dose-response relationship. Strategies to motivate engagement in PA and to support families to promote PA are lacking, as are studies of long-term outcomes. Conclusion There are limited RCTs of PA interventions in JIA. Adherence was better with low intensity programs. PA interventions for JIA yield positive health benefits but better reporting of PA intervention details is needed to generate more high-quality evidence and inform clinical practice. Prospero Registration Maura Iversen, Johan von Heideken, Marie Andre. Physical Activity in Children with Rheumatic Diseases: a systematic review. PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021274634 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021274634.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"115 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43492752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors of Acute Malnutrition Among Children in the Therapeutic Feeding Center of Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Melat Mezemir, Meskerem Girma, D. Bekele","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S296979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S296979","url":null,"abstract":"Background Severe acute malnutrition is the most prevalent reason for admission to a pediatric unit, and it is a leading cause of mortality in many countries, including Ethiopia, at 25% to 30%, where it affects both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess treatment outcomes and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months with severe acute malnutrition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical records of patients enrolled in the therapeutic feeding center from January 2016 to March 2019. There were 385 samples collected at 3 public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, which were selected by simple random sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the available individual folders and registers. The data analysis was performed using binary and multivariable logistic regression models. The odds ratio with 95% CI was used to identify predictor variables. Variables that have a p-value <0.05 were considered significant. Results Children who had tuberculosis were 79% less likely to recover than those who had no tuberculosis. In this study, deaths accounted for 9.1%, recovered were 72.2%, and defaulters accounted for 11.6% with a mean length of stay of 18.6 (CI: 16.9, 20.2) days and an average weight gain of 7.2 g/kg/day (CI: 5.7, 8.2). Conclusion Treating comorbidities on time can help children to recover early and reduce readmission. Integration of severe acute malnutrition screening into all service delivery points can help early identification and treatment. In the meantime, treating them with ready-to-use therapeutic feeding has a significant change in recovery.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"145 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49252936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Dispensing of Oral Dosage Forms of Medicines to Children and Its Associated Factors in South West Ethiopia","authors":"Fikadu Ejeta, Diriba Feyisa, Temesgen Aferu, Jafer Siraj, Demeke Melkam, Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S360383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S360383","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Obstacles encountered when maintaining excellent dispensing practices for children include a lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, a shortage of medications in appropriate strengths for children, a lack of appetizing drugs, and a lack of competence in pediatric pharmacy. These difficulties contribute to ineffective dispensing procedures and an urgent need to study whether oral dose forms of medications are dispensed to children in a rational way. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rational dispensing of oral dosage forms of medicines to children, as well as the factors that influence this practice. Methods Using validated indicators, a cross-sectional study design was utilized to analyze the rational dispensing practice of oral dosage forms of medicines administered to children under the age of 12 years in seven pharmacies and two drug stores over a one-month period. Results and discussions Out of 810 medicines, 11.7% and 4% were irrationally manipulated, 5.8% and 1.8% needed manipulation, 3.7% and 0.2% were alternatively dispensed, 8.8% and 7.5% of the medicines had correct advice on their label and also 745 medicines were adequately labeled in the hospital and the selected drug stores. In this study, 92% of medicines were adequately labeled and had sufficient advice on their labels, 15.3% of medicines were irrationally manipulated and around 7.7% of the dosage forms needed manipulation during dispensing. The type of medicine retail outlet had a significant effect on the percentage of instances where alternative solid oral dosage forms were dispensed (p = 0.003), the percentage of dosage forms were adequately labeled (p = 0.008), and the percentage of dosage forms were irrationally manipulated before dispensing (p = 0.001). Conclusion The rational dispensing practice of oral dosage forms of medicines was relatively poor and there is room for improvement.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"103 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44507186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Its Predictors Among Preterm Neonates Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Gurage Zone Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021","authors":"Bogale Chekole Temere, Agerie Aynalem Mewahegn, Bitew Tefera Zewudie, Fisha Alebel GebreEyesus, Amare Kassaw, Belete Gelaw Walle, Shegaw Geze Tenaw, Yibeltal Mesfin, Muche Argaw, Haymanot Abebe, Shegaw Tesfa, Netsanet Habte, Robel Birhanu, Wesila Seid","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S353663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S353663","url":null,"abstract":"Background Necrotizing Enter colitis (NEC) is the most common multifactorial and devastating gastrointestinal emergency which primarily affects premature infants. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and its associated factors among preterm neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Gurage Zone hospitals. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The simple Random Sampling Technique was applied to collect the data using a structured questionnaire. Data were cleaned, checked for inconsistencies, coded and entered via EPI data 3.1, and exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. The data were processed by Stata 14 to estimate the prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Results The prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis among neonates was 28 (9.7%) 95% CI of 6. 8–13.7%. Birth weight (AOR: 7.33 95% CI (2.04: 26.38)), presence of maternal infection (AOR: 6.09, 95% CI (1.31:28.26)), length of hospital stay (AOR: 3.28, 95% CI (1.20, 8.96)), and initiating trophic feeding (AOR: 5.89, 95% CI (2.27: 15.33)) were associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Conclusion The prevalence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis among preterm neonates was significant and special attention is needed for premature neonates with low birth weight and born from mothers with infection during pregnancy. Minimizing the length of hospital stay will be very useful to prevent the occurrence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"95 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42054807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Newborn Bath Practice and Its Associated Factors in Jimma, South West Ethiopia, 2021","authors":"Belete Fenta Kebede, Yalemtsehay Dagnaw Genie, Aynalem Yetwale Hiwot, Tsegaw Biyazin Tesafa, Betelhem Abebe","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S348657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S348657","url":null,"abstract":"Aims The timing of the first bath is an important variable in newborn care despite variations from setting to setting. Early first bath can affect the newborn’s temperature, blood sugar levels, bonding with his/her mother, comfort, and security. Thus, timing affects several aspects of newborn care and is still a major concern. However, in Ethiopia, there is insufficient evidence regarding newborn bath timing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess early newborn bath practice and its associated factors in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Materials and Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2021 on 388 postpartum women who came for newborn immunization. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to Stata version 14 for cleaning and analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between explanatory and response variables. The level of significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression. Results This study revealed 126 (32.5%) of mothers were practicing early newborn bathing. Vaginal mode of delivery (AOR: 3.84 (95% CI: 1.96–7.52)), poor knowledge about danger signs (AOR: 6.78 (95% CI: 3.77–12.19), poor knowledge about hypothermia (AOR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.20–0.58) and educational level of women (AOR: 0.33 (95% CI: 0.15–0.73) were variables significantly associated with early newborn bathing practice. Conclusion Early neonatal bathing practice in this study is high and needs priority as it results in neonatal hypothermia and its complications. Therefore, Education for women and their families on delayed bathing of their newborns could begin in antenatal care visit, on admission into the labor and delivery unit and again on the postpartum unit.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43683848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Use and Management of Childhood Diarrhea at Community Drug Retail Outlets in Eastern Ethiopia: A Matched Questionnaire-Based and Simulated Patient-Case Study","authors":"Dumessa Edessa, M. Sisay, Bisrat Hagos, Firehiwot Amare","doi":"10.2147/PHMT.S348204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/PHMT.S348204","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Antimicrobial agents have saved millions of lives worldwide. However, inappropriate use has become a global concern leading to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this regard, the dispensing practices of pharmacy professionals in the community drug retail outlets (CDROs) plays a central role. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the knowledge and dispensing practices of pharmacy professionals in the management of childhood diarrhea in CDROs of Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 randomly selected CDROs in Eastern Ethiopia from 1 August to 30 September 2020. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire matched with a simulated patient case. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize variables. Cohen’s Kappa was analyzed to measure the degree of agreement between questionnaire-based and simulated patient-based methods. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine factors associated with inappropriate dispensing practice. Results Majority of the participants were aged 25–34 years (median: 29 years). High proportion of them were male (65%) and had work experiences of two or more years. Majority (61%) of the professionals were knowledgeable about AMR. Out of 2886 scores, 745 scores were agreed on Cohen’s Kappa interrater agreement scale with the overall percent agreement between the two methods being 26.0%. Besides, about 67% of dispensing practices to the simulated patient case was found inappropriate. On the multivariate analysis, insufficient knowledge of retailers on AMR was significantly associated with the inappropriate dispensing of antimicrobial agents. Conclusion A considerable proportion of retailers had insufficient knowledge regarding the emergence and spread of AMR. Only a quarter of their questionnaire-based knowledge response agreed with simulated-patient-based actual practice, indicating weak agreement between the two methods and high level of inappropriate practice. Besides, insufficient knowledge of retailers was significantly associated with their inappropriate dispensing of antimicrobials.","PeriodicalId":74410,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":"63 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48383487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}