Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Schoolchildren in Ibb Governorate, Southwest Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among schoolchildren are important public health problem, especially in developing countries, and monitoring of such infections and associated risk factors are necessary for intervention strategies. In line with this view, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Ibb governorate, southwest Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during February to April 2020 on 600 schoolchildren selected from 6 districts of Ibb governorate. Fecal specimens were examined using saline and iodine wet mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. Socio-demographic data were collected using pre-designed, structured questionnaires. The results were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results: Out of 600 participants, the overall prevalence of IPIs was 66.3% (398/600). The prevalence rate of protozoan infections (56.3%, 338/600) was largely higher than helminthic infections (10%, 60/600). The most common intestinal parasite was E. histolytica/dispar (28.5%, 171/600). S. mansoni infection showed higher infection rate in males (5.3%) than in females (0.4%), with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the age was only significantly associated with protozoan infections, with statistically significant differences (P = 0.002). Regarding to clinical symptoms, the presence of IPIs was significantly associated with diarrhea, dysentery, and abdominal pain.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that there was a relatively high prevalence of IPIs, especially protozoan parasites, in schoolchildren of the study area, with E. histolytica/dispar being the most prevalent parasite. The results showed that age was only significantly associated with IPIs. According to the results of this study, IPIs are still among the main public health problems in the study area. Thus, effective prevention and control strategies are important to reduce the incidence of IPIs in this area of the country.