Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative Mapping of Posterior Eye Curvature in Children Using Distortion-Corrected OCT: Insights into Temporal Region Morphology","authors":"Takahiro Hiraoka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Masato Tamura MS ,&nbsp;Yoshikiyo Moriguchi PhD ,&nbsp;Riku Kuji MS ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Mino PhD ,&nbsp;Masahiro Akiba PhD ,&nbsp;Yosuke Takahashi OD ,&nbsp;Kenichi Yoshino MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yoshimi Sugiura MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Toshifumi Mihashi PhD ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Oshika MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore the curvature distribution in the posterior eye among school-aged children using distortion-corrected widefield OCT and its relationship with biometric variables.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional, observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Eighty-eight children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A swept-source-OCT prototype system with a repetition rate of 400 kHz was used to capture widefield retinal OCT images with a field-of-view of 68 × 68 degrees. The acquired OCT images were corrected for distortion using ocular optical information obtained separately for each eye. The posterior eye curvature was represented by the Gaussian curvature which was derived from Bruch’s membrane segmentation. The mean Gaussian curvature was assessed across 4 regions set centered on the fovea, considering axial length (AL), refractive error, age, and choroidal thickness (ChT). Additionally, we identified the entry site of the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) into the choroid.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Local curvature distribution in the posterior eye.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 176 eyes were imaged, with 7 excluded due to low image quality. Analysis of 169 OCT images revealed bilateral symmetry in choroidal vascular patterns and posterior eye curvature. Significant correlations were noted between mean curvature and AL, refractive error, and ChT in the superior, macular, and inferior regions. However, the temporal region exhibited reversed correlation trends. A local maximum curvature point was commonly observed in the temporal region, potentially linked to the LPCA entry site.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study provided a quantitative analysis of posterior eye curvature in children, highlighting a local maximum curvature point in the temporal region. Interestingly, the relationships between mean curvature and biometric variables in the temporal region contradicted those in the other 3 regions. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate its origin and implications for ocular development.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Image-Based Deep Learning in Multimodal Glaucoma Detection Neural Network from a Primary Patient Cohort","authors":"Elizabeth E. Hwang PhD ,&nbsp;Dake Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Ying Han MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Lin Jia PhD ,&nbsp;Jing Shan MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop a clinically motivated multimodal neural network <u>g</u>laucoma detection model trained on minimally processed imaging data of time-matched multimodal testing including fundus photographs, OCT scans, and Humphrey visual field (HVF) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Evaluation of a diagnostic technology.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 716 encounters with time-matched fundus photographs, OCT optic nerve imaging, and HVF testing from 706 eyes (557 nonglaucomatous, 149 glaucomatous) from 571 individual patients seen at a tertiary medical center and 4 external single-modality (fundus photograph and OCT) datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multimodal neural network model was developed consisting of 2 main components: first, 3 convolutional neural networks to extract semantic features and generate embeddings for each respective modality, followed by a second component consisting of a multilayer perceptron to integrate the individual embeddings and produce a predicted label, glaucomatous or nonglaucomatous.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Single and multimodal performances were evaluated on the internal test set using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, and specificity. Fundus photograph and OCT single-modality neural networks were additionally evaluated on external datasets by these metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results show single-modality models with high performance on curated training datasets perform inferiorly on our primary clinical dataset. Performance metrics, however, can be notably improved through multimodal integration (AUC: 0.86 from 0.57 to 0.74 and specificity: 0.85 from 0.77 to 0.82), suggesting that a holistic approach considering both structural and functional data may enhance the functionality and accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Clinical implementation of deep learning models for glaucoma detection benefits from multimodal integration, and we demonstrate this approach on a true clinical cohort to obtain a production-level AI solution for glaucoma diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Hwang et al: Ocular Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Infection: A Self-controlled Case Series Study from the Entire Korean Population","authors":"Alan Y. Hsu MD ,&nbsp;Chun-Ju Lin MD ,&nbsp;Huan-Sheng Chen MD ,&nbsp;Yi-Yu Tsai MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-9145(24)00227-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-9145(24)00227-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading Performance in Geographic Atrophy: Comparison of Different Reading Speed Measures for Capturing Longitudinal Changes","authors":"Zhichao Wu BAppSc(Optom), PhD ,&nbsp;Verena Steffen MSc ,&nbsp;Will Harris MS ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Cukras MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Daniela Ferrara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Robyn H. Guymer MBBS, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare different reading speed measures for capturing longitudinal visual function changes in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Analysis of data from Chroma (NCT02247479) and Spectri (NCT02247531), 2 identically designed, phase III, double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trials for lampalizumab.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Nine hundred forty participants aged ≥50 years old with bilateral GA, who completed monocular testing of reading speed at ≥3 visits over &gt;1-year follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Monocular reading speed was assessed using the Minnesota Low-Vision Reading Test (MNRead). Four different reading speed measures were derived and compared: reading speed of the fastest sentence read (RS₁), mean reading speed of the 3 fastest sentences read (RS₂), mean reading speed of the sentences larger than the critical print size (RS₃), and mean reading speed of the 10 largest print sizes (termed the Reading Accessibility Index [ACC]).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Coefficient of variation (CV), with lower values reflecting better performance of a measure for capturing longitudinal change relative to interindividual variability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 4 reading speed measures showed a significant decline at 48, 72, and 96 weeks from baseline (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 for all). The CVs for ACC and RS₂ (204% and 208%, respectively) were lower than for RS₁ (255%; <em>P</em> ≤ 0.002) and RS₃ (224%; <em>P</em> ≥ 0.068) for detecting change from baseline at 48 weeks, but these 2 measures were not significantly different from each other (<em>P</em> = 0.362). There were also statistically significant, but weak, negative correlations between the change from baseline at 48 weeks for all 4 reading speed measures with GA area on fundus autofluorescence imaging (ρ = −0.13 to −0.15; all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The mean reading speed derived from either the 10 print sizes found in everyday life (ACC) or the fastest 3 sentences read (RS₂) was better than 2 widely used measures (RS₁ and RS₃) at capturing progressive functional decline in eyes with GA and may be the preferred measures in future clinical trials and studies. All reading speed measures also showed an expected progressive decline over time, but they only showed a weak correlation with GA growth.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Food Insecurity and Chronic Eye Disease in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program","authors":"Ramin Talebi BS ,&nbsp;Fei Yu PhD ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Tseng MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Anne L. Coleman MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Food insecurity is a potential risk factor for visual impairment; however, its association with specific eye diseases remains unknown. This study aims to examine the association between food insecurity and chronic eye diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and cataracts.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Participants of the All of Us (AoU) Research Program, who had electronic health record data and responded to survey questions regarding food insecurity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Population-based. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between food insecurity and each eye disease.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measure(s)</h3><div>Primary outcomes included glaucoma, AMD, DR, or cataracts, based on the <em>International Classification of Disease, 9th</em> and <em>10th</em> Revision codes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 78 694 participants were included in the study population. Of these, 9732 (12.4%) reported food insecurity, 2095 (2.7%) had glaucoma, 1398 (1.8%) had AMD, 1127 (1.4%) had DR, and 10 135 (12.9%) had cataracts. Compared with those without food insecurity, participants with food insecurity had significantly higher odds of glaucoma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.72, <em>P</em> ≤ 0.001) but not of AMD (aOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.67–1.21, <em>P</em> = 0.544), DR (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.93–1.42, <em>P</em> = 0.180), or cataracts (aOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87–1.08, <em>P</em> = 0.635).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study found a positive association between food insecurity and glaucoma in the AoU Research Program. Further research should focus on understanding disease-specific mechanisms for this association. Adequate social determinants of health screening and population interventions to improve stable access to healthy food options may prove vital for reducing the risk of eye disease.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Plasma Metabolite Levels and Myopia: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Xiaohui Jiang MD ,&nbsp;Boyue Xu MD ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Li MD ,&nbsp;Yun-e Zhao MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The role of plasma metabolites in myopia is still unclear, and previous studies are limited by various factors and were mostly observational. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and myopia using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A 2-sample MR study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and Participants</h3><div>This study analyzed plasma metabolites consisting of 1091 metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios in 8299 individuals from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging cohort. Summary statistics for myopia were obtained from the UK Biobank, encompassing 37 362 cases and 460 536 controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Causal effect estimates were primarily derived using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method and the constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging-based MR method. Statistical significance for the MR effect estimate was defined as a false discovery rate (FDR) of &lt;0.05. Additionally, we used the MR Steiger directionality test to examine whether exposure was directionally causal for the outcome. Furthermore, 4 supplementary methods were used for analysis: weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Genetic causal association between plasma metabolites and myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IVW analysis results indicated that elevated levels of 1-arachidonoyl-GPE (20:4n6) (P_FDR = 5.80E-06), linoleoyl-arachidonoyl glycerol (18:2/20:4)[1] (P_FDR = 2.24E-06), and linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2](P_FDR = 0.0242) have a protective effect on myopia. Elevated levels of 4 plasma metabolite ratios, including the phosphate to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] ratio (P_FDR = 0.0029), citrulline to dimethylarginine (SDMA + ADMA) ratio (P_FDR = 0.0207), oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2) [2] to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] ratio (P_FDR = 0.0230), and retinol (vitamin A) to linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] ratio (P_FDR = 0.0230), were significantly associated with a higher risk of myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides evidence of a causal relationship between specific plasma metabolites and myopia, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and contributing to the understanding of myopia's etiology. Future research should include diverse populations to enhance the generalizability of these findings.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Molecular Intersection of Posterior Ocular Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteins, Ocular Autoimmunity, and Immune Receptor Interactions","authors":"Işıl Kutlutürk Karagöz MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mücahit Kaya PhD ,&nbsp;Ulviye Kıvrak PhD ,&nbsp;Marion R. Munk MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The presentation of posterior ocular tuberculosis (TB) varies greatly along with the need for immunomodulatory therapy to control inflammation. In this study, we explore the potential mechanisms and pathways for autoimmune-related inflammation in ocular TB using molecular mimicry-based mathematical modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Computational protein analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-three TB-related proteins, including ESAT-6 subgroup proteins, and 23 retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cellular proteins were included in this study. The 3-dimensional structure and sequence of the TB AG proteins were compared to the above-mentioned retinal, photoreceptor, and RPE cellular proteins. All retinal proteins were obtained from the UniProt database. The sequence and 3-dimensional structure of TB-related proteins and retinal proteins were compared with the TM-align server. The interactions of proteins showing significant similarity (template modeling score above 0.5, root mean square deviation [RMSD] value below 5A°) with cytokines (interleukin [IL]6, IL10, IL12A, IL12B, TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4) were analyzed. Autoimmune and autoinflammation-related protein–receptor interaction of similar proteins was assessed using the CABS-dock web server.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Template modeling score, structural alignment accuracy using RMSD value, protein–cytokine interaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We detected a high level of structural similarity between ESAT-6 (EsxA, EsxB) proteins and rhodopsin, HSPA1A, RPE-related BEST-1, ABCC-1, ABCC-4, ABCC-5, SLC47A1, SLC1A5, SLC38A7, SLC6A6, SLC5A6, LAT-1, and SLC16A1 proteins. When we evaluated the likelihood/potential to stimulate an immune response via a cytokine release, TLR-2 (most common), TLR-3, and TLR-4, which are highly susceptible to <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> ESAT-6 (ESXA and ESXB) proteins, showed a potential receptor–protein interaction with retinal proteins. Moreover, some eye-related proteins had the capacity to trigger the T-cell response by binding to cytokines such as IL-12, IL-10, and IL-6, which are all highly overexpressed in TB infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates that TB proteins may have significant structural similarities with many eye-related proteins. These eye-related proteins are therefore immunological target sites and may be secondarily affected by any immune response toward TB.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OCT Angiography-Derived Retinal Capillary Perfusion Measures in the Framingham Heart Study","authors":"Ana D. Collazo Martinez BS ,&nbsp;Shu Jie Ting MA ,&nbsp;Anoush Shahidzadeh MPH ,&nbsp;Brinda Vaidya BS ,&nbsp;Tim Kowalczyk MBA ,&nbsp;Muhammed Alluwimi PhD ,&nbsp;Sujata Rijal PhD ,&nbsp;Xuejuan Jiang PhD ,&nbsp;Ruikang Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Alexa Beiser PhD ,&nbsp;Lucia Sobrin MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Sudha Seshadri MD, DM ,&nbsp;Amir H. Kashani MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To report baseline demographic associations and novel intereye correlations of retinal perfusion in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>One thousand eighteen participants were recruited. Of these, 962 participants (mean age 75 ± 7, 59% female, 1720 undilated eyes) had any OCT angiography (OCTA) data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants from the community-based FHS were recruited between 2020 and 2022. Foveal-centered 3 × 3 mm² OCTA scans were used to noninvasively measure retinal capillary perfusion in both undilated eyes of each subject. Retinal capillary perfusion measures, including vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel area density (VAD), and flux, were calculated in the superficial retinal layer, deep retinal layer (DRL), and full retinal thickness. Multivariate mixed-effect models were used to examine the association between retinal perfusion measures and eye laterality, sex, image quality, axial length (AL), and age. Correlation of retinal perfusion measures between 2 eyes of individual participants was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Vessel skeleton density, VAD, and flux.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One thousand two hundred forty-four eyes (73%) had usable OCTA data with 52% acquired from the right eye. Although there was a significant correlation of retinal perfusion measures between 2 eyes of an individual, this was only moderate in magnitude (R = 0.6, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.000). There was also a significant decrease in retinal perfusion with age (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) after controlling for sex, image quality, eye laterality, and AL. A potential interaction between age and layer-specific retinal perfusion was found (<em>P</em> = 0.058). Similar findings were observed with all measures of retinal perfusion (VAD, VSD, and flux). Projection artifact removal accounted for 9% to 34% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.050) of the variation in capillary perfusion measures in the DRL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Retinal capillary perfusion measures between 2 eyes of an individual share only moderate correlation even after adjusting for image quality and scan level artifacts. This has important implications in study design and interpretation of data from unilaterally performed studies on the retinal circulation. These data suggest that intereye differences in retinal perfusion have physiological and disease-related causes that warrant further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Risk Factors for Uveal Melanoma in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients: A Comprehensive Case–Control Analysis","authors":"Arina Nisanova BA ,&nbsp;Susanna S. Park MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Aana Amin BS ,&nbsp;Carly Zako BS ,&nbsp;Machelle D. Wilson PhD ,&nbsp;Jessica Scholey PhD ,&nbsp;Armin R. Afshar MD, MBA ,&nbsp;Tony Tsai MD ,&nbsp;Devron H. Char MD ,&nbsp;Kavita K. Mishra MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2024.100687","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To identify risk factors associated with uveal melanoma (UM) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A retrospective case–control study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Two hundred forty-seven UM patients aged 13 to 45 treated with proton beam radiation therapy and 401 age- and sex-matched controls at a tertiary academic center.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We obtained demographic and genetic data, environmental exposures, and social, medical, and ocular history via retrospective chart review and phone follow-up.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main Outcome Measures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The main outcome measures included the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of the investigated risk factors in UM patients compared with controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The median age of UM diagnosis was 38 years (range: 13–45 years); the median follow-up was 102 months (range: 3–329 months). Identified novel risk factors for UM included family history of cutaneous melanoma (OR = 3.06, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002), Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry (2.98, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.02), prior eye trauma (2.94, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01), secondhand cigarette smoke exposure (2.39, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), and previous head and neck surgery (1.81, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007). Some known risk factors identified include choroidal nevi (11.39, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), light eye color (4.69, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), White race (4.63, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), outdoor sunlight exposure (4.20, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), recent pregnancy (4.0, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.002), occupational (2.39, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.003) and toxic chemical (2.27, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03) exposures, family history of any cancer (2.16, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), lack of ultraviolet-blocking eyewear use (2.13, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01), indoor tanning (2.10, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), and propensity to sunburn (1.89, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of oculodermal melanocytosis (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03) and family history of UM (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) were significantly greater in UM patients than in controls. Uveal melanoma T-categories were as follows: 39% T1, 37% T2, 19% T3, and 5% T4. Gene expression profiling was available in 64 patients and showed 59% class 1A, 19% class 1B, and 22% class 2 tumors. Thirteen patients underwent genetic screening; identified germline mutations included &lt;em&gt;CDH1, NF1,&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;PALB2.&lt;/em&gt; The estimated 10-year metastasis-free progression rate and overall survival were 80% and 81%, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study identified several novel risk factors for UM in AYAs and confirmed select established risk factors seen in UM patients of all ages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first explicit and comprehensive investigation of risk factors among a younger cohort and may help further elucidate UM pathogenesis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Financial Disclosure(s)&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosure","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}