Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Oral Antithrombotic Medication Is Associated with Improved Visual Outcomes in Eyes with Submacular Hemorrhage from Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Hemal P. Patel MD,&nbsp;Cason B. Robbins MD,&nbsp;Jamie J. Karl MD,&nbsp;Peter Weng MD, PhD,&nbsp;Lejla Vajzovic MD, FASRS,&nbsp;Sharon Fekrat MD, FASRS","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine differences in visual acuity (VA) outcomes in eyes of patients on antithrombotics (antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants) that develop submacular hemorrhage (SMH) compared with eyes of patients who are not on antithrombotics and develop SMH.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective study of patients presenting with fovea-involving SMH due to wet age-related macular degeneration over an 8-year period who had ≥6 months of follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Demographics, VA at presentation and final follow-up after SMH management, and history of any antithrombotic therapy were collected. Patients were grouped based on whether they were on anticoagulants (direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin), antiplatelet agents (P2Y12 inhibitors, aspirin, or both), or neither.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multivariate generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The difference between VA at presentation with SMH and VA at final follow-up was compared between patients taking oral anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents and those not on any antithrombotic agent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventy-seven eyes of 74 patients were included. Twenty were on oral anticoagulants, 38 were on antiplatelet agents, and 22 were on neither. After controlling for age, sex, post-SMH cataract surgery, time to presentation, treatments received, initial VA, and follow-up duration, patients taking oral anticoagulants had greater improvement in VA at final follow-up compared with patients who were not taking a concurrent antithrombotic agent (<em>P</em> = 0.001); however, patients on oral antiplatelets did not (<em>P</em> = 0.09). After additionally controlling for the initial size and thickness of SMH, patients taking oral anticoagulants and patients taking oral antiplatelets had greater improvement in VA at final follow-up compared with patients who were not taking an antithrombotic (<em>P</em> = 0.002 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients taking oral anticoagulants who then develop an SMH may have better long-term VA outcomes than those who were not. However, this effect was not seen in patients taking oral antiplatelet medications. This suggests that baseline anticoagulants may be associated with improved VA outcomes in eyes that develop an SMH. When controlling for size and thickness of SMH, patients taking oral anticoagulants and those taking oral antiplatelets had better long-term VA outcomes than those who were not, suggesting a potential mitigating effect of oral antithrombotics.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Retinal Vascular Occlusive Disease in Patients with Aortic Stenosis","authors":"Minjeong Kim MD ,&nbsp;Eui-Young Choi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kunho Bae MD ,&nbsp;Ju-Yeun Lee MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The intersection of aortic stenosis (AS) and retinal vascular occlusive disease (RVOD) underscores the need for comprehensive cardiovascular and ophthalmic evaluations in patients with either condition. We aimed to evaluate the risk of RVOD in the entire Korean population with AS.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A population-based retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We included 4094 patients with AS (2088 males) and 4094 age-, sex-, and index year-matched controls. Clinical and follow-up data of all patients diagnosed with AS and healthy controls from 2004 to 2015 were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Claim database.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The risk of RVOD, including retinal vein occlusion and retinal artery occlusion, was compared between the AS and control groups. Competing analysis was used to obtain aHRs. The covariates used in the final analysis included age, sex, income, body mass index, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking, alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation (AF), and myocardial infarction (MI).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of RVOD, incidence rate of RVOD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence rate of RVOD per 100 000 was 495.3 in the AS group and 366.2 in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). During a mean follow-up period of 8 years, the aHR of RVOD was 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.83) in the AS group compared with the control group. Even after adjusting for AF and MI, the incidence of RVOD remained consistently and significantly higher in patients with AS (aHR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.63). In the subgroup analysis based on age, the risk of RVOD was significantly higher in patients with AS across all age groups. However, this significance weakened after adjusting for MI in patients ≥80 years (aHR 7.47, 95% CI: 0.97–57.55) and for AF in patients ≥65 years (aHR 1.36, 95% CI: 0.92–2.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results suggest a possible clinical association between AS and subsequent RVOD. Continuous screening for ≥5 years for RVOD would be recommended in patients with AS.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Proteomic Markers of Interleukin-1β Pathway Associated with Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Persons with AIDS","authors":"Peter W. Hunt MD ,&nbsp;Adam B. Olshen PhD ,&nbsp;Natalia Murad PhD ,&nbsp;Gabrielle C. Ambayec BS ,&nbsp;Efe Sezgin PhD ,&nbsp;Michael F. Schneider MS ,&nbsp;Douglas A. Jabs MD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the associations of plasma inflammatory proteins with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in persons with the AIDS, using a discovery-based proteomics approach.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A nested case-control study (analysis 1) and nested cohort study (analysis 2).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Persons with AIDS enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of the Ocular Complications with AIDS (LSOCA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cryopreserved plasma specimens obtained at baseline were assayed for inflammatory proteins using the Olink Inflammation Explore Panel 1. In analysis 1, baseline proteomic profiles for 26 persons with AIDS and incident intermediate-stage AMD 5 to 10 years after baseline and 49 matched controls (matched for age, biologic sex, race/ethnicity, and follow-up) without AMD were compared. In analysis 2, 475 persons from LSOCA with baseline plasma inflammatory proteomic profile measurements were followed for incident cataract and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Incident intermediate-stage AMD; incident cataract; and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 365 measurable plasma inflammatory proteins, 118 (32%) were associated with incident intermediate-stage AMD at the false discovery rate-adjusted Q &lt; 0.05 level after adjustment for smoking, CD4+ T count, and plasma human immunodeficiency virus RNA level. Gene ontology pathway enrichment analysis identified the interleukin (IL)-1β pathway and wound healing pathways, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, as significantly associated with incident AMD. These associations were qualitatively different from those associated with incident cataracts, where elevated levels of inflammatory proteins were associated with a decreased risk of cataracts. A much broader number of inflammatory pathways, including those related to the adaptive immune system, were associated with mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Upregulation of the IL-1β pathway appears to be associated with an increased risk of incident AMD in persons with AIDS. Given the availability of inhibitors of this pathway, inhibition of the IL-1β pathway may provide a therapeutic avenue for treatment of AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Proteomics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Pathway Analysis of Significant Protein Changes","authors":"Olympia Sideri MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Victor Correa MD ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Ziakas MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ioannis Tsinopoulos MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Joan W. Miller MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Demetrios G. Vavvas MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Topic</h3><div>Proteomics in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) research.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>AMD is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries, with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Proteomics can identify significantly altered proteins in AMD patients, aiding in understanding the disease’s pathophysiology and potentially improving diagnosis or treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of proteomic studies in AMD was conducted. Proteins significantly altered in dry and wet AMD and those tested as biomarkers were presented according to sample type (aqueous humor, plasma, urine, vitreous, retinal pigment epithelium/choroid, and tear film) and type of assay (mass spectrometry or aptamers) used in the individual studies. Proteins that exhibited at least a 2× fold change (FC) were further analyzed through functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction networks (STRING database).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-two studies (case-control and cohorts) with a total of 6932 participants were included. The included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and most of them lacked sufficient power. Results suggested that various proteins and pathways are implicated in AMD, and there were differences when comparing results from the individual studies and unbiased results. Although many proteins differed significantly between AMD and control groups, most exhibited less than a 2-FC. Functional analysis of proteins with ≥|2|-FCs (identified by unbiased proteomics in multiple biofluids) highlighted lipid metabolism and protease regulation pathways as central to both dry and wet AMD. Complement and coagulation cascades, chaperones, and glycolysis pathways were significant in wet AMD, whereas matrix remodeling pathways were enriched mostly in dry AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combining proteomics from various studies could reveal new protein–protein interaction networks and associated functional pathways that may suggest novel potential therapeutic targets for AMD. However, there is a scarcity of data available for early AMD from ocular biofluids, and it should be the aim of future proteomics studies.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Hyperreflective Foci in Age-related Macular Degeneration by Polarization-Sensitive OCT","authors":"Ryo Terao MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shuichiro Aoki MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kohdai Kitamoto MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kota Totani AE ,&nbsp;Masahiro Yamanari PhD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Sugiyama MSc ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Inoue MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ryo Obata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Keiko Azuma MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantify hyperreflective foci (HRF) using polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) and evaluate the effect of anti-VEGF therapy on HRF reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Twelve eyes from 12 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who underwent PS-OCT imaging before and after 4 intravitreal injections of faricimab, administered every 4 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retinal layers between the inner border of the inner nuclear layer and the outer border of the outer segment of photoreceptors were analyzed. Regions with entropy values exceeding the mean + 2 standard deviations from healthy controls (entropy: 0.0896 ± 0.0270) were isolated to quantify hyperentropic foci (HEF), representing HRF.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The sum and area of HEF were calculated as total HEF and area aggregate to compare before and after the treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean patient age was 77.4 ± 8.6 years, with an equal distribution of males and females (6 each). Total HEF was significantly associated with worse baseline visual acuity (coefficient: 0.0015297, <em>P</em> = 0.0004). Faricimab treatment significantly reduced both total HEF (<em>P</em> = 0.0049) and area aggregate (<em>P</em> = 0.0068). However, conventional OCT did not detect significant improvements in total reflectivity nor area aggregate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Polarization-sensitive OCT is a valuable imaging modality for extracting and quantifying HRF in the neurosensory retina. Faricimab significantly reduces HEF in nAMD eyes, highlighting its potential therapeutic effect beyond conventional OCT-detected changes.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosures may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Chaurasia et al: Highly Accurate and Precise Automated Cup-to-Disc Ratio Quantification for Glaucoma Screening","authors":"Eunice Jin Hui Goh MMed (Ophth), FRCOphth ,&nbsp;Boon Peng Yap BEng ,&nbsp;Kelvin Zhenghao Li MMed (Ophth), FRCOphth","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Validation Study of Near Visual Acuity Assessment Using Different Handheld Acuity Charts","authors":"David Ziyou Chen MBBS, FRCOphth ,&nbsp;Yih-Chung Tham PhD ,&nbsp;Liang Shen PhD ,&nbsp;Soon-Phaik Chee MMed (Ophth), FRCOphth","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a conversion table and compare the cross-validity of 3 types of widely utilized near vision charts: the ETDRS near chart, the N-notation chart, and the Rosenbaum chart.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective, cross-sectional, comparative validation study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Aged ≥40 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A conversion table for the 3 types of near charts was created using objective character sizing based on vertical height captured using a surgical microscope with a 10× magnification. Eligible presbyopic patients had their near vision tested sequentially with 3 near charts in a randomized order.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Pearson correlation coefficient (<em>r</em>) for the relationship among the near visual acuity charts. The consistency between the different charts was evaluated by Bland−Altman diagrams.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 204 participants (129 women, 63.2%) were recruited for the study (mean age, 58.9 ± 7.1 years). For correlation, <em>r</em> ranged from 0.596 to 0.836 (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The Rosenbaum chart had the smallest range of difference against the ETDRS chart (standard deviation [SD] = 0.12), followed by the N-notation chart (SD = 0.15). Most of the converted logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) values from the N-notation and Rosenbaum charts were between 0.0 and 0.1 higher than the ETDRS logMAR equivalent (range: 0.07–0.11), with a tendency for both the N-notation and Rosenbaum charts to overestimate logMAR at more positive values.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We have developed a conversion table for 3 types of commonly used near vision charts. When compared with the ETDRS near chart, the Rosenbaum chart had a smaller range of difference than the N-notation chart. Both the Rosenbaum and N-notation charts tended to underestimate near vision at worse vision.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning−Driven Exophthalmometry through Facial Photographs in Thyroid Eye Disease","authors":"Joonhyeon Park PhD ,&nbsp;Jin Sook Yoon MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Namju Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kyubo Shin PhD ,&nbsp;Hyun Young Park MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jongchan Kim MS ,&nbsp;Jaemin Park MS ,&nbsp;Jae Hoon Moon MD, PhD ,&nbsp;JaeSang Ko MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL)-assisted system for proptosis measurement using facial photographs in thyroid eye disease (TED).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>This study included 1108 patients with TED from Severance Hospital (SH) and 171 from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The DL-assisted system was trained using 1610 facial images paired with Hertel exophthalmometry measurements from SH and externally validated using 511 SNUBH images. The system employs a dual-stream ResNet-18 neural network, utilizing both red-green-blue images and depth maps generated by the ZoeDepth algorithm.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Accuracy was assessed using mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The DL-assisted system achieved an MAE of 1.27 mm for the SH dataset and 1.24 mm for the SNUBH dataset. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.82 and 0.77, respectively, with ICCs indicating strong reliability (0.80 for SH and 0.73 for SNUBH). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed area under the curves of 0.91 for SH and 0.88 for SNUBH in detecting proptosis. The system detected significant proptosis changes (≥ 2 mm) with 74.6% accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The DL-assisted system offers an accurate, accessible method for exophthalmometry in patients with TED using facial photographs. This tool presents a promising alternative to traditional exophthalmometry, potentially improving access to reliable proptosis measurement in both clinical and nonspecialist settings.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Comparison of Geographic Atrophy Enlargement Using Manual, Semiautomated, and Deep Learning Approaches","authors":"Jacob Bogost ,&nbsp;Rachel E. Linderman PhD ,&nbsp;Robert Slater PhD ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Saunders OD ,&nbsp;Caleb Pacheco ,&nbsp;Jeong Pak PhD ,&nbsp;Rick Voland PhD ,&nbsp;Barbara Blodi MD ,&nbsp;Amitha Domalpally MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare a fully automated artificial intelligence (AI) model, a semiautomated method, and manual planimetry in the longitudinal assessment of geographic atrophy (GA) using fundus autofluorescence images.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 3 GA assessment methods: AI, Heidelberg Eye Explorer semiautomated software (RegionFinder), and manual planimetry.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and Controls</h3><div>One hundred eight patients (185 eyes) with GA from a phase IIb clinical trial by GlaxoSmithKline, which evaluated an experimental drug that did not reduce GA enlargement compared with the placebo.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fundus autofluorescence images of 185 eyes were annotated using manual planimetry, semiautomated RegionFinder, and a fully automated AI model trained and validated on manual planimetry annotations at screening, year 1, and year 2. Artificial intelligence masks were compared with human-guided methods, and regression errors were assessed by stacking masks from consecutive visits. Agreement between methods was assessed using Bland−Altman plots, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and comparisons of GA growth rates. Artificial intelligence performance was evaluated based on its need for human edits and frequency of regression errors.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Agreement between methods was evaluated using Bland−Altman plots, DSC, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The mean GA growth rate (mm²/year) and square root transformation of GA size were compared across methods. Artificial intelligence performance was assessed by the percentage of acceptable masks and the frequency of longitudinal regression errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At screening, the mean GA area was 7.22 mm² with RegionFinder, 8.37 mm² with AI, and 8.66 mm² with manual planimetry. RegionFinder measured smaller GA areas than both AI and manual, with a mean difference of −1.45 mm² (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.56, −1.35) versus AI (ICC = 0.945) and −1.87 mm² (95% CI: −1.99, −1.75) versus manual (ICC = 0.920). Growth rates were comparable between RegionFinder (1.54 mm²/year), AI (1.68 mm²/year), and manual (1.80 mm²/year) (<em>P</em> = 0.25). Artificial intelligence masks were deemed acceptable in 84.8% of visits, and 81.4% of cases showed no regression over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Artificial intelligence accurately measures GA in approximately 85% of cases, requiring human intervention in only 15%, indicating potential to streamline GA measurement in clinical trials while maintaining human oversight.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Prevalence of Myopia in the United States between 1971 and 1972 and 1999 and 2004—A Reappraisal","authors":"Mark A. Bullimore FCOptom, PhD,&nbsp;Xu Cheng MD, PhD,&nbsp;Noel A. Brennan MScOptom, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}