Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Deep Learning–Driven Glaucoma Medication Bottle Recognition: A Multilingual Clinical Validation Study in Patients with Impaired Vision","authors":"Aidin C. Spina BS ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Yang BS ,&nbsp;Ayush Jain BS ,&nbsp;Christine Ha BS ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Chen MD ,&nbsp;Philina Yee MD ,&nbsp;Ken Y. Lin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To clinically validate a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based Android smartphone app in the identification of topical glaucoma medications for patients with glaucoma and impaired vision.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Nonrandomized prospective crossover study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>The study population included a total of 20 non-English-speaking (11 Spanish and 9 Vietnamese) and 21 English-speaking patients who presented to an academic glaucoma clinic from December 2023 through September 2024. Patients with poor vision were selected on the basis of visual acuity (VA) of 20/70 or worse in 1 eye as per the California Department of Motor Vehicles' driver's license screening standard.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Enrolled subjects participated in a medication identification activity in which they identified a set of 6 topical glaucoma medications presented in a randomized order. Subjects first identified half of the medications without the CNN-based app. They then identified the remaining half of the medications with the app. Responses to a standardized ease-of-use survey were collected before and after using the app.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Primary quantitative outcomes from the medication identification activity were accuracy and time. Primary qualitative outcomes from the ease-of-use survey were subjective ratings of ease of smartphone app use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CNN-based mobile app achieved a mean average precision of 98.8% and recall of 97.2%. Identification accuracy significantly improved from 27.6% without the app to 99.2% with the app across all participants, with no significant change in identification time. This observed improvement in accuracy was similar among non-English-speaking (71.6%) and English-speaking (71.4%) participants. The odds ratio (OR) for identification accuracy with the app was 319.353 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with substantial improvement in both non-English-speaking (OR = 162.779, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and English-speaking (no applicable OR given 100% identification accuracy) participants. Survey data indicated that 81% of English speakers and 30% of non-English speakers found the app “very easy” to use, with the overall ease of use strongly associating with improved accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CNN-based mobile app significantly improves medication identification accuracy in patients with glaucomatous vision loss without increasing the time to identification. This tool has the potential to enhance adherence in both English- and non-English-speaking populations and offers a practical adjunct to daily medication management for patients with glaucoma and low VA.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00044-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00044-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sickle Cell Trait or Sickle Cell Disease Associated with Increased Diabetic Retinopathy Risk","authors":"Christina M. Ambrosino BS ,&nbsp;Jacinta A. McDonald MD ,&nbsp;Ximin Li ScM ,&nbsp;Ann Nampomba MSc ,&nbsp;Adrienne W. Scott MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to understand the impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) or sickle cell trait (SCT) on diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy treatment burden.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects and Controls</h3><div>Utilizing the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight), 3742 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and either SCD or SCT were included in the analytic sample. A race-stratified group of 3742 patients with DM and no known SCD was included as controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data analysis was performed using R (R Project 4.2.0). Descriptive statistics summarized demographic data among patients with comorbid SCD or SCT and among controls. Chi-square tests compared clinical outcomes (proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR], diabetic macular edema [DME]) and ocular procedure frequency across patients with DM and SCD or SCT and across controls. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the likelihood of clinical outcomes and ocular procedures across patients with and without comorbid SCD or SCT while adjusting for insurance, smoking status, and demographic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Frequency of clinical outcomes and ocular procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All measured clinical outcomes were more frequently documented among patients with DM and either SCD or SCT as compared with those with DM alone. Of the 7 ocular procedures studied, 5 were more common among the DM with SCT or SCD group as compared with controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). On regression analysis, DM patients with comorbid SCD or SCT had 7.36 and 4.22 times greater odds of PDR and DME, respectively (confidence interval for PDR: 6.36–8.54, confidence interval for DME: 3.68–4.85).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This analysis suggests that DM patients with comorbid SCD or SCT have an increased likelihood of DM-related microvascular pathology and a higher ocular treatment burden. Prospective studies are needed to further characterize the relationship between DM and SCT or SCD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telangiectatic Capillaries in Retinal Vein Occlusion: Incidence, Topography, and Risk Factors","authors":"Paolo Forte MD ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cattaneo MD ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Fontana BSc ,&nbsp;Bénédicte Dupas MD ,&nbsp;Giovanni Forte MD ,&nbsp;Daniela Castro-Farías MD ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Querques MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Michel Paques MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chiara Maria Eandi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the incidence, timing, dimensional features, and spatial characteristics of telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective nonconcurrent cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>One hundred thirty-eight eyes of 138 patients with treatment-naive RVO treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy for a minimum of 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Telangiectatic capillaries were identified using multimodal imaging, including indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), OCT, and color fundus photography. Recurrence of venous occlusive events was defined by new onset of retinal hemorrhages accompanied by worsening of macular edema. Cox regression modeling was used to assess risk factors for TelCap development.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Telangiectatic capillaries' incidence, dimensional features, spatial distribution, and association with RVO recurrence events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 4.4 ± 2.6 years of follow-up, TelCaps developed in 15/138 eyes (10.9%) after 26 ± 16 months. Telangiectatic capillaries in hemispheric and central RVO showed larger diameters compared with branch RVO (277 ± 44 μm vs. 196 ± 43 μm, <em>P</em> = 0.005) and preferential localization along the temporal horizontal raphe (y-axis coordinates: 0.4 ± 0.6 mm vs. 0.9 ± 0.7 mm, <em>P</em> = 0.017). The recurrence of RVO during follow-up was significantly associated with TelCap development (hazard ratio = 8.74, 95% confidence limit = 2.92–26.2, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). At 5-year follow-up, the risk of developing TelCaps was ∼9% in patients without recurrence and ∼55% in those patients with recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Telangiectatic capillaries occur in approximately 10% of RVO cases undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF monotherapy, with distinct characteristics based on RVO subtype. The strong association with disease recurrence suggests episodes of increased venous obstruction contribute to TelCap formation. Extended follow-up and vigilant screening are recommended; when TelCaps are suspected, ICGA can confirm the diagnosis and guide adjunctive targeted treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100754"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associations of Epiretinal Membrane by OCT in a Japanese Population-Based Cohort: Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study","authors":"Akihiko Shiraki MD ,&nbsp;Atsushi Hirayama MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Nobuo Fuse MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ryo Kawasaki MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Satoko Fujimoto MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Okazaki MD ,&nbsp;Susumu Sakimoto MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Takatoshi Maeno MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Makiko Taira MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tomo Saito MS ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakamura PhD ,&nbsp;Soichi Ogishima PhD ,&nbsp;Atsushi Hozawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kengo Kinoshita PhD ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yamamoto MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kohji Nishida MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine the prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) according to the OCT-based severity scales, and to describe associations focusing on the impact of smoking and axial length of the globe.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>The baseline examination cohort comprised participants from the Tohoku Medical Megabank community cohort recruited from 2013 to 2017.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In total, 38 118 eyes of 19 486 participants were classified with ERM staging. The characteristics of ERM severity were analyzed, and the association between the prevalence of ERM and ocular and systemic parameters was investigated using logistic regression models. Cubic spline models were constructed to visualize the relationships with lifetime smoking exposure and axial lengths. Regarding ERM severity, the associations between stage 1 and stage 2 or more were analyzed with multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Epiretinal membrane prevalence at each stage determined via OCT and factors associated with ERM presence and severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of ERM was 2.3% per eye (3.6% per person), with a predominance at stage 1. The presence of severe ERM stages was higher in older individuals. The multivariate logistic analysis revealed that older age, female sex, and long axial length were associated with a higher prevalence of ERM. In a multivariate analysis stratified by sex, glaucoma was also identified as a significant factor associated with the prevalence of ERM in women. In the cubic spline model, no consistent trend was observed between smoking and ERM prevalence. However, a U-shaped relationship was indicated between axial length and ERM prevalence. Epiretinal membrane severity highlighted older age, alcohol consumption, and very long axial length as significantly associated compared with stage 1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Epiretinal membrane prevalence was significantly associated with older age, female sex, and long axial length.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100752"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Bluetooth-Based Automated Flipper for Measuring Accommodative Facility: a Comparison with Conventional Manual Flipper","authors":"Hongxi Wang MD ,&nbsp;Peiting Guo MD ,&nbsp;Riping Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Kunliang Qiu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Dongfeng Zhao BS ,&nbsp;Liqiong Zhu BS ,&nbsp;Mingzhi Zhang MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a Bluetooth-based automated flipper for measuring accommodative facility (AF) in children.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross sectional study with crossover design.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Children aged 8 to 12 years were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups (A and B).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Initially, group A participants used the manual flipper to measure monocular (MAF) and binocular (BAF) AF, whereas participants in group B used the automated flipper. Subsequently, the groups underwent a crossover, exchanging the methods to measure AF. The diagnostic accuracy of the automated flipper was evaluated against gold standard, which defined inadequate AF as &lt;7 cycles per minute (cpm) for MAF and &lt;5 cpm for BAF, as measured with the manual flipper.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Accommodative facility measured using automated and manual flipper. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for automated flipper; sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cutoff (maximal Youden index).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average age of the 129 participants was 10.50 ± 1.42 years. The MAF and BAF values obtained using automated flipper were significantly correlated with those from the manual flipper (correlation coefficients of 0.819 and 0.813, respectively, both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The mean MAF and BAF measured with the automated flipper were 9.30 ± 2.30 cpm and 9.13 ± 2.34 cpm, respectively, significantly higher than the manual flipper's measurements (8.53 ± 2.16 cpm and 8.33 ± 2.22 cpm, respectively), even after adjusting for the learning effect associated with multiple measurements using analysis of variance for crossover design. The area under the curve for the automated flipper in diagnosing inadequate MAF and BAF was 0.911 (cutoff value = 9 cpm, sensitivity = 71.11%, specificity = 97.44%) and 0.920 (cutoff value = 7 cpm, sensitivity = 85.34%, specificity = 84.62%), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The automated flipper showed a strong correlation with the manual flipper, and demonstrated satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing inadequate AF. It is recommended that the Bluetooth-based automated flipper be adopted as a novel tool to enhance the accuracy of AF testing in children.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Deep Learning and Clinician Performance for Detecting Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs in a Safety Net Population","authors":"Van Nguyen MD ,&nbsp;Sreenidhi Iyengar ,&nbsp;Haroon Rasheed MD ,&nbsp;Galo Apolo ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Li ,&nbsp;Aniket Kumar ,&nbsp;Hong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Austin Bohner MD ,&nbsp;Kyle Bolo MD ,&nbsp;Rahul Dhodapkar MD ,&nbsp;Jiun Do MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Duong MD ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Gluckstein MD ,&nbsp;Kendra Hong MD ,&nbsp;Lucas L. Humayun ,&nbsp;Alanna James MD ,&nbsp;Junhui Lee MD ,&nbsp;Kent Nguyen OD ,&nbsp;Brandon J. Wong MD ,&nbsp;Jose-Luis Ambite PhD ,&nbsp;Benjamin Y. Xu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Develop and test a deep learning (DL) algorithm for detecting referable glaucoma.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 6116 patients from the Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Health Services (DHS) were included.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fundus photographs and patient-level labels of referable glaucoma (cup-to-disc ratio ≥0.6) provided by 21 certified optometrists. A DL algorithm based on the Visual Geometry Group-19 architecture was trained using patient-level labels generalized to images from both eyes. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to assess algorithm performance using an independent test set that was also graded by 13 clinicians with 0 to 10 years of experience. Algorithm performance was tested using reference labels provided by either LAC DHS optometrists or an expert panel of 3 glaucoma specialists.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Area under the receiver operating curve, sensitivity, and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The DL algorithm was trained using 12 998 images from 5616 patients (2086 referable glaucoma, 3530 nonglaucoma). In this data set, the mean age was 56.8 ± 10.5 years with 54.8% women, 68.2% Latinos, 8.9% Blacks, 6.0% Asians, and 2.7% Whites. One thousand images from 500 patients (250 referable glaucoma, 250 nonglaucoma) with similar demographics (<em>P</em> ≥ 0.57) were used to test the algorithm. Algorithm performance matched or exceeded that of all independent clinician graders in detecting patient-level referable glaucoma based on LAC DHS optometrist (AUROC = 0.92) or expert panel (AUROC = 0.93) reference labels. Clinician grader sensitivity (range, 0.33–0.99) and specificity (range, 0.68–0.98) ranged widely and did not correlate with years of experience (<em>P</em>≥ 0.49). Algorithm performance (AUROC = 0.93) also matched or exceeded the sensitivity (range, 0.78–1.00) and specificity (range, 0.32–0.87) of 6 certified LAC DHS optometrists in the subsets of the test data set they graded.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A DL algorithm for detecting referable glaucoma trained using patient-level data provided by certified LAC DHS optometrists approximates or exceeds performance by ophthalmologists and optometrists, who exhibit variable sensitivity and specificity unrelated to experience level. Implementation of this algorithm in screening workflows could help reallocate resources and provide more reproducible and timely glaucoma care.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Evidence for Faricimab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Scoping Review","authors":"Varun Chaudhary MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Robyn Guymer MBBS, PhD ,&nbsp;Audrey Artignan MPhil ,&nbsp;Amanda Downey PhD, MBA ,&nbsp;Rishi P. Singh MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Since faricimab (Vabysmo) was approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), a growing body of real-world data has been reported, forming an important source of evidence for faricimab in a heterogeneous population. Scoping reviews are an effective approach to comprehensively assess the state of evidence on areas yet to be well characterized, allowing for the inclusion of a wide range of study designs and methodologies. This scoping review aimed to assess the current breadth and nature of real-world evidence (RWE) for faricimab and describe its safety and effectiveness in routine clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Scoping review of published articles and grey literature.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Eligible records included primary research reporting on any real-world data from ≥5 participants treated with faricimab in its licensed indications, published in English since 2022. This review did not involve novel data collection in human participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched on February 16, 2024, and the results were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Manual searches of proceedings from major relevant conferences, ClinicalTrials.gov, and bibliographies of relevant systematic literature reviews were also conducted. Findings were summarized descriptively.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Data of interest included study design, population characteristics, treatment history, visual function and anatomic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, safety, and economic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 63 studies reporting RWE for faricimab in patients with nAMD or DME (n = 6–12 119 eyes) were identified, including a majority of studies in previously treated patients. Studies spanned 10 countries, with a predominance of retrospective observational studies. Results across the majority of studies suggested that faricimab was associated with improved visual acuity, reduced central choroidal/subfield macular thickness, and reduced/resolved retinal fluid and pigment epithelial detachment in both conditions, even over longer study periods (≥6 months). Adverse events reported were similar to the findings within the registration trials.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Outcomes of faricimab in routine practice align with reports from clinical trials, supporting the effectiveness and safety of faricimab in heterogeneous populations. Further high-quality studies using prospective, multicenter designs are required to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term outcomes associated with faricimab.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading Performances in Highly Myopic Patients and Correlation with the Topography of Atrophic Maculopathy","authors":"Matteo Mario Carlà MD ,&nbsp;Carlos Mateo MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate how the topography of atrophic patches influences monocular and binocular reading performances in eyes with pathologic myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective single-center observational investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Sixty-two patients (112 eyes) affected by pathologic myopia (axial length [AXL] &gt;26.5 mm). Only college graduates aged &lt;65 years were selected.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients underwent monocular and binocular reading evaluation using Colenbrander Reading Charts, taking into account the reading time and missed words/errors. Moreover, eyes underwent fundus photography and autofluorescence: the presence of chorioretinal atrophy within the central, 4 inner, and 4 outer ETDRS grid subfields was reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Reading acuity (logarithm of the reading acuity determination [logRAD]); reading speed (words per minute [wpm]); percentage of errors/missed word; correlation with ETDRS subfield atrophy localization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean AXL was 31.45 ± 2.21 mm. Monocularly, mean reading acuity was 0.37 ± 0.35 logRAD with an 8% ± 11% rate of missed or wrong words, whereas reading speed was 71.5 ± 27.8 wpm (range 25–125 wpm). Binocularly, mean reading acuity was 0.16 ± 0.16 logRAD with 5% ± 7% of missed or wrong words, whereas reading speed was 88.2 ± 18.0 wpm. Reading acuity was significantly associated with the presence of chorioretinal atrophy in the foveal central circle in univariate and multivariate analysis (<em>P</em> = 0.002). Conversely, reading speed negatively correlated with inner right subfield involvement in multivariate analysis (<em>P</em> = 0.008). Binocularly, reading acuity was associated with the presence of bilateral central atrophy (<em>P</em> = 0.001), whereas reading speed was associated with the presence of chorioretinal atrophy in the inner subfields on the horizontal plane in both eyes: bilateral inner right (<em>P</em> = 0.007) or inner left (<em>P</em> = 0.014) subfields; inner left OD (right eye)–inner right OS (left eye) (<em>P</em> = 0.002); inner right OD–inner left OS (<em>P</em> = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In highly myopic eyes, we reported a significant relationship between the topography of patchy chorioretinal atrophy and reading performance.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional Causal Relationships between Corneal Biomechanics and Glaucoma or Intraocular Pressure","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhou MD ,&nbsp;Jiahao Xu MD ,&nbsp;Xuanchu Duan MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the bidirectional causal relationships between corneal biomechanics (corneal hysteresis [CH] and corneal resistance factor [CRF]) and glaucoma subtypes or intraocular pressure (IOP), and to evaluate the mediating role of IOP in these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Bidirectional univariable 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), multivariable MR, and mediation MR study using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Genetic data from large-scale GWAS cohorts of European ancestry, including individuals with measurements of CH/CRF, glaucoma subtypes (primary open-angle glaucoma [POAG], primary angle-closure glaucoma [PACG], normal-tension glaucoma [NTG], exfoliation glaucoma [XFG], juvenile open-angle glaucoma [JOAG], glaucoma suspect, neovascular glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and other unspecified glaucoma), and glaucoma endophenotypes (IOP, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, vertical cup-to-disc ratio).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bidirectional univariable 2-sample MR analyses were performed to assess the causal effects between CH/CRF and glaucoma subtypes. Multivariable MR and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the role of IOP. Inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were used to evaluate the causal effects, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcomes included causal estimates (odds ratios or β-coefficients) for the associations between CH/CRF and glaucoma subtypes (POAG, PACG, NTG, XFG, JOAG, neovascular glaucoma, etc.) and the mediation effects of IOP. Secondary outcomes included relationships between glaucoma medication or surgery and CH/CRF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Corneal hysteresis and CRF were causally associated with increased risks of total glaucoma and most subtypes, except for the protective effect of CH against neovascular glaucoma. Both CH and CRF elevated IOP. Adjusting for IOP attenuated CH/CRF-glaucoma associations. Glaucoma inversely affected CH but positively influenced CRF. Glaucoma surgery reduced CH and CRF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study suggests that CH and CRF are risk factors for glaucoma and its subtypes, with IOP playing a mediating role in this relationship. These findings highlight the role of corneal biomechanics in glaucoma pathophysiology and clinical management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}