Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Long-Shaft Vitrectomy Probe for Vitreoretinal Diseases in Highly Myopic Eyes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Yun Hsia MD, MS ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yung Lee MD ,&nbsp;Mei-Chi Tsui MD ,&nbsp;Shih-Wen Wang MD ,&nbsp;Chien-Jung Huang MD ,&nbsp;I-Hsin Ma MD, MS ,&nbsp;Kuo-Chi Hung MD ,&nbsp;Muh-Shy Chen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Zih-Wei Yang MD ,&nbsp;Bo-Da Huang MD ,&nbsp;Ting-Chieh Ko MD ,&nbsp;Tzyy-Chang Ho MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a long-shaft vitrectomy probe in highly myopic eyes undergoing pars plana vitrectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Highly myopic eyes (axial length [AL] &gt;26 mm) with epiretinal membrane (ERM), myopic tractional maculopathy, and retinal detachment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The enrolled eyes were randomly assigned to a study group (UltraVit 25 Ga, 31.75 mm, Alcon) and a control group (UltraVit 25 Ga+, 27 mm, Alcon). Stratified randomization was performed to balance the proportion of eyes with AL &gt;28 mm between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Trocar removal rate and core vitrectomy time were assessed as primary outcomes, and instrument bending as a secondary outcome. Anatomical and visual outcomes and complications were documented for 6 months. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare the eyes with AL &gt;28 mm to those without.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 86 patients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 9.6 years and an AL of 29.15 ± 2.14 mm. Two groups had comparable core vitrectomy times (−0.5 minutes, <em>P</em> = 0.172). The study group had a lower trocar removal rate (5% vs. 67%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) but a higher instrument bending rate (36% vs. 14%, <em>P</em> = 0.036), particularly in eyes with AL &gt;28 mm. In eyes with AL &gt;28 mm, the standard vitrectomy probe faced a significantly greater difficulty in cortical vitreous removal, internal limiting membrane (ILM) trimming, or posterior vitreous detachment induction compared with the long-shaft vitrectomy (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). At 6 months, significant visual improvement (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and anatomical success were achieved (study: −0.22, 95%; control: −0.24, 88%). Eyes with ERM in the study group, not the controls, had significant visual improvement (−0.21, <em>P</em> = 0.02 vs. −0.09, <em>P</em> = 0.34).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The long-shaft vitrectomy probe is safe and efficient, especially in highly myopic eyes with AL &gt;28 mm, despite a higher instrument bending rate. It provides improved access to the posterior pole, allowing for delicate removal of adherent cortical vitreous and trimming of ILM flaps. Addressing increased instrument bending due to the sleeveless design is important for future design.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Myopia and Anxiety: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Waihang Wong ,&nbsp;Yimin Qin ,&nbsp;Chi Liu ,&nbsp;Shiran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yangfa Zeng ,&nbsp;Decai Wang ,&nbsp;Lingyi Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate whether there is a causal relationship between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>For the forward MR, 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GAD were obtained from the FinnGen Research (5280 cases and 368 054 controls; European). For reverse MR, 253 SNPs associated with mean spherical equivalent (MSE) were derived from the UK Biobank (95 619 participants; European).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Summary-level data from the 2 genome-wide association studies were used to conduct bidirectional MR analyses. Four MR methodologies—inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode—were employed, with IVW serving as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger intercept and heterogeneity Q test, were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The outcomes of the forward and reverse MR analyses were MSE and GAD, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study demonstrated a significant causal effect of GAD and myopia, suggesting individuals with GAD are at an elevated risk of more myopic MSE (IVW: β = −0.138; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.221 to −0.056, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Conversely, we did not find evidence to support a causal effect of myopia on GAD (IVW: β = −0.017; 95% CI −0. 051 to −0.016, <em>P</em> = 0.308). Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of genetic confounding to bias the estimate of causal effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates a significant causal relationship between GAD and a more myopic MSE, though the effect size was relatively small. These findings could be taken into consideration while implementing mental health interventions in children.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grip Strength and Age-Related Ocular Diseases: Insights from Observational, Mendelian Randomization, and Mediation Analyses","authors":"Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Dongling Guo ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Meng MD ,&nbsp;Jiao Qi MD ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Wenwen He MD ,&nbsp;Yih Chung Tham PhD ,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to examine the cross sectional and causal associations of grip strength with cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and probe the underlying mechanisms by evaluating the mediating role of metabolomic alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 307 796 UK Biobank participants with grip strength and covariates data available.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between grip strength and age-related ocular diseases. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to assess the causality. Metabolic biomarkers from plasma samples were measured through nuclear magnetic resonance (n = 152 376), and principal component (PC) analysis was implemented to identify metabolic patterns (PC1–PC8). The mediation effects of both metabolic biomarkers and metabolic patterns were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The prevalence of age-related ocular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the highest tertile of grip strength, the lowest tertile had a higher prevalence of cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.39), glaucoma (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13–1.33), and DR (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.32–3.38). Genetic-associated elevated grip strength of at least 1 hand was associated with a lower risk of developing cataracts, DR, and AMD. Mediation analyses showed metabolic patterns, characterized by altered lipids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decrement (i.e., PC2 and PC8), significantly mediated the association of grip strength with cataract and DR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Weaker grip strength is associated with cataracts, glaucoma, and DR. Metabolomic alterations, especially disrupted lipid metabolism and omega-3 PUFA decrement, serve to be the critical mediators.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Natural History of Branch Retinal Artery Ischemia","authors":"Cortney Connor BA ,&nbsp;Haley S. D'Souza MD ,&nbsp;Raymond Iezzi MD, MS ,&nbsp;Ryan N. Vogel MD ,&nbsp;Ahmad Al-Moujahed MD, PhD ,&nbsp;John B. Miller MD ,&nbsp;Kareem Moussa MD ,&nbsp;Glenn Yiu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the clinical features and natural history of branch retinal artery ischemia (BRAI)—an uncommon condition where chronic, partial branch retinal artery obstruction (also known as partial BRAO) by a nonocclusive arterial plaque causes sectoral retinal ischemia and hemorrhages.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective, multicenter cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Thirteen patients diagnosed with BRAI between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We identified patients with BRAI based on the presence of (1) a retinal arterial plaque, (2) sectoral round hemorrhages in the distribution of the affected artery, and (3) delayed arterial flow on fluorescein angiography (FA). We reviewed longitudinal medical records, color fundus images, FA, OCT, and OCT angiography images where available. We also systematically reviewed images of patients diagnosed with Hollenhorst plaque, BRAO or central retinal artery occlusion, or ocular ischemic syndrome to estimate BRAI prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Clinical features, visual acuity (VA), and central subfield thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 13 patients with BRAI with a median follow-up of 1.7 years (range 0.1–6.3 years). The mean age was 74.2 ± 9.4 years, with 61.5% men. Most patients had a history of hypertension (76.9%), hyperlipidemia (84.6%), carotid artery disease (69.2%), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2%). Most patients (53.9%) maintained good VA (20/25 or better) over the years, and none developed macular edema or neovascularization during follow-up. The retinal hemorrhages fluctuated in severity over time but did not correlate with VA or central subfield thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Branch retinal artery ischemia is defined by a triad of features: retinal arterial plaque, sectoral retinal hemorrhages, and delayed arterial flow. Most patients with BRAI have systemic vascular risk factors but maintain good vision without complications over years.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Early Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and CTG Trinucleotide Expansion Positivity Using Scheimpflug Imaging","authors":"Stanley S.J. Poh MBBS ,&nbsp;Kai Yuan Tey MBBS ,&nbsp;Gary S.L. Peh PhD ,&nbsp;Dawn J.H. Neo MSc ,&nbsp;Hla Myint Htoon PhD ,&nbsp;Evan K.L. Lee ,&nbsp;Yu Qiang Soh MBBS ,&nbsp;V Vinod Mootha MD ,&nbsp;Jodhbir S. Mehta PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate changes in corneal densitometry and optical aberrations using Scheimpflug imaging in early Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and to assess their association with CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes diagnosed between 2018 and 2022 were included. Control eyes were recruited from healthy individuals undergoing cataract surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All eyes underwent Scheimpflug imaging. Subclinical edema was defined by the presence of ≥2 of the following features: (1) loss of parallel isopachs; (2) displacement of the thinnest point; and (3) focal posterior depression. A subset of FECD subjects was genotyped for CTG repeat expansion.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Corneal densitometry, higher-order aberration (HOA), and pachymetry were quantified. Densitometry was measured across 3 layers (anterior 120 μm, central, and posterior 60 μm) and within 4 concentric annuli while HOA was analyzed separately for the anterior and posterior cornea.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred eight FECD cases and 59 controls were included. Eyes with subclinical edema exhibited significantly higher densitometry and HOA across all corneal layers and zones compared with those without edema (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Subclinical edema was independently associated with increased posterior corneal HOA (β = 15.068, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.546–22.590) and elevated densitometry in the central 0 to 2 mm annulus across all layers. Among genotyped eyes, 22 (44.0%) were positive for CTG expansion, which was associated with lower densitometry in the anterior (β = −4.59, 95% CI: −7.28 to −1.92), central (β = −1.76, 95% CI: −2.79 to −0.74), and posterior (β = −3.05, 95% CI: −5.67 to −0.44) layers of the central 0 to 2 mm annulus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes with subclinical edema are associated with increased corneal densitometry and HOA, indicating early structural and optical changes. In contrast, the presence of CTG repeat expansion was correlated with reduced central corneal densitometry, suggesting a potentially distinct disease phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors with Glaucoma Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study","authors":"Yi-An Lu MD ,&nbsp;Peng-Tai Tien MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yih-Dih Cheng PhD ,&nbsp;Yow-Wen Hsieh PhD ,&nbsp;Der-Yang Cho MD ,&nbsp;Shang-Feng Tsai MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chien-Hsiang Weng MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Heng-Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Lin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;I-Jong Wang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chien-Chih Chou MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 582 710 patients with T2DM treated with either DPP4i (exposure group) or non-DPP4i medications (control group) were analyzed between 2008 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were 1-to-1 matched by propensity scores on demographic and clinical characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios for POAG and NTG, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and concurrent antidiabetic medications.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Incidences of POAG and NTG.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users demonstrated a significantly lower risk of POAG (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.56) and NTG (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.50–0.62) compared to non-DPP4i users on first-generation diabetes medication. Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent risk reduction across all age groups (18–39: aHR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51–0.62; 40–64: aHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.47–0.57; ≥65 years: aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.47–0.56) and among patients with or without diabetic-related complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (aHR: without vs. with diabetic retinopathy [0.54 vs. 0.43], without vs. with diabetic kidney disease [0.53 vs. 0.49], without vs. with DN [0.54 vs.0.43]), with all comparisons showing statistical significance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Cumulative incidence analyses revealed a sustained lower risk for DPP4i users throughout the study period (log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to DPP4i was associated with a reduced risk of developing POAG and NTG compared with users of first-generation diabetes medication. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and their implications for glaucoma prevention and management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Contact Lens Sensor System for Continuous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring: Evaluation of Accuracy in Human Eyes","authors":"Yifan Wei MM ,&nbsp;Yuning Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Zidong Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Jones Iok-Tong Chong ME ,&nbsp;Christopher Ching Hymn Lee PhD ,&nbsp;Isuru Kaweendra Karunaratne PhD ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Mingjie Deng ,&nbsp;Yangfan Yang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;David C.C. Lam PhD ,&nbsp;Minbin Yu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring by a novel contact lens sensor system (CLS) in human eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Eighty eyes of 80 participants were recruited and divided into 3 groups: (1) 40 normal eyes; (2) 30 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) with normal IOP (&lt;21 mmHg), including 27 POAG eyes and 3 OHT eyes; and (3) 10 POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP (≥21 mmHg), comprising 4 POAG eyes and 6 OHT eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants wore the CLS to enable continuous monitoring of IOP while they assumed both seated and supine positions, with each position maintained for 10 minutes. Intraocular pressure was also measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) while participants were seated and the Perkins applanation tonometer (PAT) in supine, both before and after CLS wear.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The average IOP measured by CLS during the final 1-minute of seated and supine positions was compared with IOP measured by GAT and PAT before and after CLS wear. Also, intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found between pre-CLS GAT and CLS in normal eyes or between all comparisons in POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.5). Contact lens sensor system IOP was higher than pre-CLS PAT and post-CLS GAT/PAT IOP in normal eyes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and higher than pre-CLS GAT and post-CLS PAT in POAG/OHT eyes with normal IOP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). All IOP differences were within ± 2 mmHg. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed moderate to very strong consistency (0.51 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.95, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) except for that between sitting CLS and post-CLS GAT in POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP. Bland–Altman analysis showed that over 80% of points were within ± 5 mmHg and over 60% within ± 3 mmHg.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>With good agreement in IOP measurement compared with applanation tonometry in seated and supine positions, across normal and POAG/OHT eyes, the CLS can be used for fairly accurate continuous IOP monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Assessment of Intrinsic Vascularity in Choroidal Nevus, Suspicious Choroidal Nevus, and Choroidal Melanoma","authors":"Buse Guneri Beser MD,&nbsp;Tanya McClendon CDOS,&nbsp;Bernadete Ayres MD,&nbsp;Hakan Demirci MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine if intrinsic vascularity can be observed in B-scan ultrasound examinations of choroidal nevi (CN) and compare the intensity of the vascularity among CN, suspicious choroidal nevi (SN), and choroidal melanomas (CMs).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective nonrandomized comparative trial.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients with CN, SN, or treatment-naive CM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From September 2016 to January 2023, all patients underwent ultrasound examination using 10- or 15-MHz B-scan probes at a tertiary ocular oncology service.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Observed intrinsic vascularity on B-scan examinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-three eyes with CN, 49 with SN, and 45 with CM were included. We evaluated the areas of flickering motion inside the lesions on B-scan ultrasonography (USG) videos. Intrinsic vascularity was detected in 37 (86%) CN, 43 (88%) SN, and 45 (100%) CM. The intensity of intrinsic vascularity was moderate in 58% of CN but high in 45% of SN and 73% of melanomas. In the combined group (nevus and melanoma), the degree of intensity of intrinsic vascularity demonstrated a positive correlation with subretinal fluid and the lesions` height and basal diameter. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between the degree of intensity of intrinsic vascularity and internal reflectivity and the presence of overlying drusen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Choroidal nevi can have moderate intrinsic vascularity, detectable during B-scan ultrasound examinations. This contradicts the current view that CN is a nonvascular tumor on ophthalmic ultrasound. Therefore, the identification of vascular motion in B-scan USG cannot be used to exclude the diagnosis of CN. Serial multimodal imaging along with a clinical follow-up is necessary for the differentiation of CN and melanomas.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diminished MYCN Dosage Endows Cavitary Transformation in Retinoblastoma","authors":"Mingpeng Xu MD ,&nbsp;Hanhan Shi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yongning Shen BS ,&nbsp;Ludi Yang MD ,&nbsp;Yu Luan MD ,&nbsp;Xiang Gu MD ,&nbsp;Xuyang Wen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chuandi Zhou MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Renbing Jia MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xunda Ji MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Peiquan Zhao MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Minglei Han MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jiayan Fan MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Peiwei Chai MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cavitary retinoblastoma (CRB) represents a unique variant of retinoblastoma (RB) distinguished by the presence of translucent cavities, which are discernible through ophthalmoscopic examination. The present study was designed to elucidate the clinical implications and molecular signatures of CRB, thereby enhancing our understanding of this distinct subtype of RB.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A multicentric, nested case-control, retrospective cohort study combining spatial proteomic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>In a longitudinal study encompassing 1360 RB patients, conducted over a 13-year timeframe from June 2008 to February 2022, cavitary spaces were detected within the tumors of 48 eyes of 46 patients. A control cohort of 180 eyes from 138 age-matched patients with non-CRB was selected, maintaining a 1:3 case-control ratio. Laser-captured spatial proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the pivotal molecular changes within this specific subtype. The silencing of MYCN was achieved using adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2-mediated gene therapy in patient-derived xenograft models.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Enucleation, chemotherapy, and focal therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Overall survival and metastasis-free survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cavitary RB was linked to enhanced metastasis-free survival (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and overall survival (<em>P</em> = 0.03), as well as an increased proportion of well-differentiated status (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and a reduced incidence of vitreous seeding (<em>P</em> = 0.02). Spatial proteomic analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistopathology revealed a lower MYCN expression in CRB than in non-CRB. Silencing MYCN in patient-derived xenografts using AAV recapitulated these phenotypes of CRB, including the formation of translucent cavities and the emergence of cone-like rosettes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study establishes a novel genetic–phenotypic association, revealing that diminished MYCN expression induces the formation of translucent cavities. This phenotype is indicative of a less aggressive, well-differentiated CRB subtype with a more favorable prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Intraocular Pressure in Population-Based Cohorts in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study","authors":"Nobuo Fuse MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hayato Anzawa PhD ,&nbsp;Miyuki Sakurai PhD ,&nbsp;Ikuko N. Motoike PhD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nagaie PhD ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakamura PhD ,&nbsp;Akiko Miyazawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Eiichi N. Kodama MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Masatsugu Orui MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yohei Hamanaka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kobayashi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akira Uruno MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Makiko Taira MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ritsuko Shimizu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Naoki Nakaya PhD ,&nbsp;Mami Ishikuro PhD ,&nbsp;Taku Obara PhD ,&nbsp;Fuji Nagami PhD ,&nbsp;Soichi Ogishima PhD ,&nbsp;Fumiki Katsuoka PhD ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yamamoto MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution and determinants of ocular biometric parameters and to assess the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Japanese population–based genome cohort studies.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional analysis involving genome-wide association studies (GWASs).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>In total, 22 150 participants aged &gt;18 years from the population cohort (Community-Based Cohort [CommCohort]) and 11 302 participants from the Birth and Three-Generation (BirThree) Cohort of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participant underwent interviews, ophthalmic and physiological examinations, laboratory tests, and microarray analyses. Genome-wide association studies were conducted in the CommCohort (discovery stage) and the BirThree Cohort (replication stage), followed by a meta-analysis. Associations of SNPs and IOP were evaluated using a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10⁻⁸).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Association of SNPs with IOP and distributions of IOP by sex and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the discovery stage, the mean IOP of the right and left eye was 13.95 and 14.02 mmHg, respectively. In the replication stage, the corresponding values were 14.32 and 14.27 mmHg, respectively. A significant age-related reduction in IOP was observed in both stages (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Genome-wide association studies identified 573 and 2 genome-wide significant SNPs in the discovery and replication stages, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed 1601 significant SNPs across 21 loci on 11 chromosomes (Chrs). Of these loci, 17 were previously known to be associated with IOP or glaucoma, while four—septin-8 (<em>SEPT8</em>; Chr5), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (<em>ALDH2</em>; Chr12), collagen type VI alpha 2 chain (<em>COL6A2</em>; Chr21), and Wnt family member 7B (<em>WNT7B</em>; Chr22)—were newly identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This large-scale GWAS in a Japanese population identified 21 loci associated with IOP, including 4 novel loci. The findings highlight both genetic similarities and population-specific variations in SNPs influencing IOP and provide valuable insights to enhance eye health care, including glaucoma management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}