Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00222-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00222-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Nerve Abnormalities in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","authors":"Jean-Louis Bourges MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Bastien Leclercq PhD ,&nbsp;Francine Behar-Cohen MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is associated with abnormal neural regulation of choroidal blood flow and with systemic dysautonomia. Although choroidal neuropathy has been observed in rodent models of pachychoroid, its presence in human chronic CSCR remains unclear and difficult to examine. Because the long ciliary nerves send fibers to both the cornea and the choroid, this study used in vivo confocal microscopy to examine corneal nerve fiber (CNF) morphology in chronic CSCR patients compared with age-matched controls.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The case-control study included chronic CSCR and control participants without signs or symptoms of corneal disease to detect the presence of nerve abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>The study analyzed corneal nerves in 15 chronic CSCR patients and 11 control subjects with subfoveal thickness ≤360 μm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods/Testing</h3><div>In vivo confocal microscopy was used to image and systematically analyze the subepithelial area, Bowman layer (BL), anterior stroma, intermediate stroma, and deep stroma. Corneal nerve fiber abnormalities were scored according to their types, location, and number in the different layers by 2 graders in a blind manner. Corneal nerve fibers were quantified in the sub-basal nerve plexi in both groups (chronic CSCR and controls), and subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured using OCT enhanced depth imaging mode.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Scores of CNF abnormalities in all layers and quantification of CNF in the sub-basal plexi. Statistical difference between CSCR and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the control group, 8 of 11 individuals showed no CNF abnormalities, whereas 3 had moderate abnormalities in specific corneal layers. In contrast, nearly all CSCR patients exhibited significant CNF abnormalities, including hypertrophic subepithelial nerve plexi, loops, neuromas, cell clusters, dendritic cells activation, and nerve rarefaction. In addition, quantification of BL innervation shows a significant reduction in CSCR patients, indicating corneal nerve abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In vivo confocal microscopy reveals morphological nerve abnormalities in chronic CSCR patients, potentially reflecting underlying choroidal neuropathy and subsequent blood flow dysregulation. These findings suggest corneal nerve changes may serve as a noninvasive marker warranting investigation into shared neuropathic mechanisms. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and assess their prognostic value.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swept-Source OCT Angiography Features of Melanotic Choroidal Tumors: An Analysis of 102 Consecutive Cases","authors":"Ruiheng Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Haotian Wu MD ,&nbsp;Yitong Li MSc ,&nbsp;Wenda Zhou MD ,&nbsp;Xuhan Shi MD ,&nbsp;Chuyao Yu MSc ,&nbsp;Yuhang Yang MD ,&nbsp;Hanqing Zhao MD ,&nbsp;Heyan Li MD ,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang MSc ,&nbsp;Jiaoyue Dong MSc ,&nbsp;Li Dong MD ,&nbsp;Lei Shao MD ,&nbsp;Yaling Liu MD ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao MD ,&nbsp;Zhen Yu MD ,&nbsp;Guomin Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Yueming Liu MD ,&nbsp;Wenbin Wei MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantitatively analyze swept-source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) features of choroidal melanoma and nevi, focusing on their distinguishing angiographic features.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case-series study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>This retrospective study included 102 consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma or nevi who were referred to Beijing Tongren Hospital between July 2019 and June 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The choriocapillaris and choroid slabs were en face reconstructed. A 5-grade system was developed based on the density and morphology of disorganized vasculature in the choroid slab. Choriocapillaris flow deficit (CCFD%) void was calculated within circular regions defined by the tumor's radius and diameter.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 102 consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma or nevi referred to Beijing Tongren Hospital between July 2019 and June 2024. The choriocapillaris and choroid slabs were en face reconstructed. A 5-grade system was developed based on the density and morphology of disorganized vasculature in the choroid slab. Choriocapillaris flow deficit (CCFD%) void was calculated within circular regions defined by the tumor's radius and diameter.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of all the 102 patients, 87 (85%) patients with qualified SS-OCTA images, comprising 61 cases of choroidal melanoma and 26 cases of nevi. Sixty melanoma cases (98%) exhibited disorganized tumor vasculature forming twisted vessel loops and networks on the choroid slab (grade ≥2). Nevi showed 2 types of intrinsic tumor vasculature patterns in the choroidal slab: well-organized (grade 0 or 1) and melanoma-like disorganized networks (grade ≥2). Classified based on multimodal imaging risk score, nevi with a high risk for growth (≥2 risk factors) were more likely to exhibit melanoma-like disorganized networks tumor vasculature (82% vs. 27%, <em>P</em> = 0.015) than low-risk nevi. Analysis of the choriocapillaris slab revealed a higher prevalence of patchy avascular areas in melanomas compared to nevi. The CCFD% was significantly higher in choroidal melanomas than in nevi within circular regions defined by the tumor's radius (56.4% vs. 34.4%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and diameter (44.9% vs. 23.4%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Swept-source OCT angiography enables detailed noninvasive assessment of intrinsic vasculature in melanotic choroidal tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Relationships between Visual Function and Inflammatory Markers in the Registry of Moderated-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa","authors":"Takahiro Hisai MD ,&nbsp;Sakurako Shimokawa MD ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Fukushima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kohta Fujiwara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yoshito Koyanagi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akie Hirata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Atsushi Takada PharmD ,&nbsp;Fuyuka Miyahara ,&nbsp;Naoki Nakashima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yuko Kobayakawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Go Mawatari CO, PhD ,&nbsp;Masataka Ishizu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Naoki Toyama MD ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kaida MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kazunori Miyata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Ikeda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Koh-Hei Sonoda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yusuke Murakami MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To analyze the association between visual function and inflammatory markers in the baseline data of a prospective natural history registry of patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (Retinitis Pigmentosa Progression and Inflammatory Marker Registry Study [RP-PRIMARY Study]).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study using baseline data from the RP-PRIMARY study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A total of 67 patients with moderate-stage typical RP who were treated between October 2021 and October 2022 in 1 of 3 participating hospitals consented to participate and met the inclusion criteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Visual functions were ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 program (mean deviation value, and the mean sensitivity within the central 1° area [central 4 points, RS Cent 1’] and the 4° area [central 12 points, RS Cent 4’]), ellipsoid zone (EZ) length, central foveal thickness (CFT), hyper-autofluorescence (AF) ring area, and inflammatory markers were aqueous flare and blood test measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Association between visual function and inflammatory markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age of participants was 51 (interquartile range: 43–60) years. Spearman rank correlation coefficient demonstrated that aqueous flare values were negatively correlated with ETDRS BCVA (ρ = –0.35; <em>P</em> = 0.004), RS Cent 1’ (ρ = –0.32; <em>P</em> = 0.008), EZ length (ρ = –0.28; <em>P</em> = 0.023), and hyper-AF ring area (ρ = –0.31; <em>P</em> = 0.016). There was no significant correlation between systemic inflammatory markers and visual function. Eyes with intraocular lens (IOL) had significantly lower values of ETDRS BCVA (<em>P</em> = 0.004), RS Cent 1’ (<em>P</em> = 0.005), RS Cent 4’ (<em>P</em> = 0.010), CFT (<em>P</em> = 0.001), and EZ length (<em>P</em> = 0.011), in addition to higher values of aqueous flare (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that eyes with IOL (β = 0.262; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with aqueous flare.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the baseline data of the RP-PRIMARY study, aqueous flare, an ocular inflammatory marker, was negatively associated with visual function, and IOL implantation was most strongly associated with an increase in aqueous flare in patients with moderate-stage RP. The association between inflammatory markers and disease progression will be evaluated in the ongoing RP-PRIMARY study.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related Eye Disease Studies Supplements and Genetic Risk Score Are Crucial Determinants of Intestinal Microbial Alterations in Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration","authors":"Neda Dadgar PhD ,&nbsp;Kevin Fung MD ,&nbsp;Scott McClintic MD ,&nbsp;Christina Metea ,&nbsp;Victor Llorenç MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mohamed Saleh MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yukiko K. Nakamura PhD ,&nbsp;Cody Jahrig MD ,&nbsp;Lee Kiang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Cathleen Janowitz MS ,&nbsp;Sean Davin ,&nbsp;Ariel Balter PhD ,&nbsp;Kim-Anh Le Cao PhD ,&nbsp;Lisa Karstens PhD ,&nbsp;Tammy M. Martin PhD ,&nbsp;Michael L. Klein MD ,&nbsp;Phoebe Lin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Determine whether an intestinal microbial signature is associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD); investigate the relationship between the microbiota and AMD genetic risk, intestinal immunoglobulin-A (IgA), and Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS) supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fecal 16S rRNA sequencing, DESeq2 differential abundance, and IgA-sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Advanced AMD and age-similar non-AMD control subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Differential abundance plots using DESeq2, α and β diversity, and impact of AREDS supplementation and genetic risk on AMD microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 85 advanced AMD compared with 49 healthy control subjects’ intestinal microbiota, exploratory partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that gut microbiome composition was able to predict AMD with moderate confidence (cross validation error rates, 0.28–0.36) with the potential for overfitting. A higher AMD genetic risk score was associated with lower gut microbial diversity (<em>P</em> = 0.0086; Spearman <em>r</em> = –0.3), a finding confirmed by multiple linear regression with confounding covariates, whereas AREDS supplementation was associated with increased gut bacterial diversity (coefficient, 2.64; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Differential abundance plots showed increased <em>Proteobacteria</em> and many differentially abundant genera (including <em>Prevotella</em>, <em>Desulfovibrio</em>, <em>Oscillospira</em>, and <em>Ruminococcaceae</em>) in AMD versus controls. Flow cytometry and IgA-sequencing suggested increased IgA-coating of gut bacteria in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) gene risk genotype, including higher IgA indices for <em>Prevotella</em>. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require functional validation. Predicted metabolic pathways (via piphillin) that differed between AMD and controls included lipid metabolism and xenobiotic processing by cytochrome P450; these findings are inferred and require confirmation by metabolomic studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intestinal microbiome is able to predict advanced AMD via PLS-DA. AREDS supplementation and genetic risk are crucial determinants of the AMD microbiome, which interacts with gut immunity by increasing IgA binding to certain bacteria. Understanding how the gut microbiome and its metabolites interact with gut immunity and host genetics will allow us to further investigate the microbiome to find potentially novel therapeutic targets in AMD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Increment and Decrement Stimuli Responses in Patients with Glaucoma Using Virtual Reality–Based Perimetry","authors":"Albert Xu PhD ,&nbsp;Allen Khudaverdyan BA ,&nbsp;Corinne Shiu BA ,&nbsp;Michael Deiner PhD ,&nbsp;Murtaza Saifee MD ,&nbsp;James J. Blaha ,&nbsp;Benjamin T. Backus PhD ,&nbsp;Yvonne Ou MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100929","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To evaluate increment and decrement stimuli responses in glaucoma using a virtual reality–based perimetric system, Vivid Vision Perimetry (VVP) and to compare these findings with conventional perimetry.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This is a cross-sectional study involving participants with diagnosed perimetric glaucoma, preperimetric glaucoma, and glaucoma suspect or ocular hypertension.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Participants&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sixty-nine participants (mean age: 66.9 years; 50.7% female) were recruited from ophthalmology clinics at the University of California, San Francisco, California, United States. Eyes were grouped clinically into perimetric glaucoma (62 eyes), preperimetric glaucoma (31 eyes), and glaucoma suspect or ocular hypertension (41 eyes).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increment and decrement stimuli were tested at 12 locations per eye using the VVP system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main Outcome Measures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Contrast sensitivities (CSs) were recorded and mean CS was computed and compared between VVP and conventional perimetry (Humphrey Visual Field [HVF]). Correlations between VVP and HVF results were computed, and statistical analyses were conducted using cluster bootstrapping to account for intereye correlations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Perimetric glaucoma eyes had stronger correlation of CS between VVP and HVF tests compared to preperimetric glaucoma and glaucoma suspect or ocular hypertension eyes. Across all groups, decrement testing generally showed higher correlations than increment testing (perimetric: 0.48 [increment] vs. 0.61 [decrement]; preperimetric: 0.24 vs. 0.37; glaucoma suspect: 0.35 vs. 0.36). In perimetric glaucoma, particularly in moderate to severe cases, there was a significantly greater CS to decrement stimuli compared to increment stimuli (–1.46 decibels [dB] [95% confidence interval [CI]: –2.59, –0.30]). Preperimetric glaucoma eyes had significantly higher CS to increment stimuli than to decrement stimuli (+0.86 dB [95% CI: 0.11, 1.67]). Throughout all clinical subtypes, areas of the visual field with higher contrast thresholds (lower sensitivity) showed greater sensitivity to increment stimuli, whereas areas with lower contrast thresholds (higher sensitivity) showed greater sensitivity to decrement stimuli (perimetric: m = 0.63, R = 0.71; preperimetric: m = 0.50, R = 0.6; glaucoma suspect: m = 0.45, R = 0.51; all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01). Additionally, peripheral points generally exhibited lower CS than central points in both increment and decrement testing in all groups (all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We found significant differences in how preperimetric and perimetric glaucoma eyes respond to varying stimuli. Preperimetric eyes were better at detecting increment stimuli, while perimetric eyes were better at detecting decrement stimuli. Our results confirm earlier studies reporting greater OFF-pathway vulnerability in","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a Natural Image-Based Foundation Model Outperform a Retina-Specific Model in Detecting Ocular and Systemic Diseases?","authors":"Qingshan Hou PhD ,&nbsp;Yukun Zhou PhD ,&nbsp;Jocelyn Hui Lin Goh BEng ,&nbsp;Ke Zou PhD ,&nbsp;Samantha Min Er Yew BSc ,&nbsp;Sahana Srinivasan BEng ,&nbsp;Meng Wang PhD ,&nbsp;Thaddaeus Wai Soon Lo BEng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Lei MSc ,&nbsp;Siegfried K. Wagner MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mark A. Chia MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Gabriel Dawei Yang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hongyang Jiang PhD ,&nbsp;An Ran Ran MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rui Santos PhD ,&nbsp;Gabor Mark Somfai MD ,&nbsp;Juan Helen Zhou PhD ,&nbsp;Haoyu Chen MD ,&nbsp;Qingyu Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Carol Y. Cheung PhD ,&nbsp;Yih Chung Tham PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100923","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;DINOv2 is a natural image-based foundation model (FM), pretrained exclusively on 142 million natural images from the LVD-142M data set. In contrast, RETFound is a retina-specific FM, pretrained on ∼3 million images, including natural images, color fundus photos, and OCT images (∼1 million each). Despite DINOv2's massive pretraining data set, its application in ophthalmology and relative performance to domain-specific FMs remain understudied. To address this gap, we conducted a head-to-head comparative evaluation between DINOv2 and RETFound models across a range of downstream ocular and systemic disease tasks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Retrospective head-to-head evaluation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Subjects&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ocular disease detection tasks included diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and multiclass eye diseases, whereas systemic disease incidence prediction focused on the 3-year incidence of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Eight open-source data sets (APTOS-2019, IDRID, MESSIDOR2 for DR; PAPILA, Glaucoma Fundus for glaucoma; JSIEC, Retina, OCTID for multiclass eye diseases) and the Moorfields AlzEye data set (for systemic diseases) were used for fine-tuning and internal testing. External test sets included the same open-source data sets (cross-dataset validation) and the UK Biobank (for systemic diseases).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We replicated the fine-tuning methodology from the original RETFound study on 3 DINOv2 models (large, base, small). All models were fine-tuned on the respective data sets and evaluated through internal and external testing.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main Outcome Measures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and 2-sided t-tests were used to compare models' performances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For ocular disease detection, DINOv2 models generally outperformed RETFound. For DR, DINOv2-Large achieved AUCs of 0.850 to 0.952, exceeding RETFound's 0.823 to 0.944 (all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ≤ 0.007). For multiclass eye diseases, DINOv2-large (AUC = 0.892, Retina data set) surpassed RETFound (AUC = 0.846, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). For glaucoma, DINOv2-base (AUC = 0.958, Glaucoma Fundus) outperformed RETFound (AUC = 0.940, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Conversely, for systemic disease incidence prediction, RETFound achieved superior AUCs of 0.796 (heart failure), 0.732 (myocardial infarction), and 0.754 (ischemic stroke), outperforming DINOv2's best models' AUC (0.663–0.771, all &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). This trend persisted in external validation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our findings reveal the merits of DINOv2 in ocular disease detection tasks, whereas RETFound demonstrates an edge in systemic disease incidence prediction. These findings showcase the distinct scenarios where general-purpose and domain-specific FMs excel, highlighting the importance of aligning FM selection with task-specific requirements to optimize clini","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature at Different Myopia Severities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zi Xuan Lin MMed ,&nbsp;Fangyao Tang PhD ,&nbsp;Xiu Juan Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Xiunian Chen MMed ,&nbsp;Yuzhou Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Simon K.H. Szeto FCOphthaHK ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Danny S.C. Ng MPH, FRCSEd ,&nbsp;Ka Wai Kam MSc ,&nbsp;Alvin L. Young MMedSc ,&nbsp;Clement C. Tham BM BCH, FRCOphth ,&nbsp;Chi Pui Pang DPhil ,&nbsp;Li Jia Chen PhD, FCOphthHK ,&nbsp;Jason C. Yam MD, FRCSEd","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Topic</h3><div>This study systematically evaluates changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature with increasing myopia severity.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance</h3><div>Conflicting results in reported studies on the changes in retinal and choroidal microvasculature with increasing myopia severity require comprehensive analysis to guide patient management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched for studies published before May 8, 2025 on retinal or choroidal changes across different myopia severities. Included were studies with cross-sectional or prospective case-control and cohort designs that reported outcomes of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel densities (VD) in the retina and choroid. The risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tools. Funnel plot with Egger test assessed potential publication bias. Meta-regressions were conducted to identify potential moderators in subgroup meta-analyses with high heterogeneity. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42023402550.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 47 studies comprising 7293 eyes were included. Highly myopic eyes demonstrated significantly enlarged FAZ area in both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) (<em>P</em> = 0.049, standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.00, 0.74], I² = 82%) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) (<em>P</em> = 0.001, SMD: 0.61, 95% CI: [0.24, 0.98], I² = 83%). Macular VD was significantly reduced in the SCP for moderate and high myopia (HM) subgroups (<em>P</em> = 0.003 and <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively) and in the DCP for the HM subgroup (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Significant VD reductions were also observed in parafoveal (SCP: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, DCP: <em>P</em> = 0.012) and perifoveal (SCP: <em>P</em> = 0.006; DCP: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) regions in the HM subgroup in both plexuses. Peripapillary VD showed consistent reductions across mild, moderate, and HM subgroups (all <em>P</em> ≤ 0.033). No significant differences were observed in choriocapillaris VD or flow area.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This meta-analysis revealed significantly enlarged FAZ areas and reduced VD in the macular and peripapillary regions with increasing myopia, especially in HM. These findings enhance the understanding of myopia-related fundus microvascular changes, guiding the clinical management and screening of patients with HM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Antibiotic Use and Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Jason Y. Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Deborah S. Bondi PharmD ,&nbsp;Max J. Hyman BA ,&nbsp;Dimitra Skondra MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Simmer Beniwal BS, MPH ,&nbsp;John Moir MD ,&nbsp;Sarah H. Rodriguez MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been linked to neonatal sepsis, with antibiotic use suggested as a connection. Given the role of antibiotics in gut dysbiosis and the gut–retina axis, we assessed whether exposure to different antibiotic classes is associated with the incidence of treatment-necessary ROP.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Preterm infants born at the University of Chicago Medicine and screened for ROP between January 2012 and December 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective analysis was performed to compare systemic antibiotic exposure within the first 2 months of life between infants with type 1 ROP (ie, required treatment) and those that did not require treatment. Multivariable adjustment included birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and neonatal sepsis. To reduce potential confounding by indication, propensity score matching was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Type 1 ROP by systemic exposure to antibiotic classes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven hundred twenty infants were included, with 50 treated for ROP. The rate of systemic antibiotic use was 97.3% in the control group and 100.0% in infants with type 1 ROP. Infants with type 1 ROP showed higher rates of BPD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and bacterial infection (<em>P</em> = 0.007). No association was noted with NEC. In multivariable regression, the odds of treatment were significantly greater for infants receiving cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–10.4; <em>P</em> = 0.002), and an exploratory analysis suggested a dose-response per day prescribed (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; <em>P</em> = 0.001). When restricted to BW &lt;750 g or GA &lt;27 weeks (N = 259, with 49 treated for ROP), these associations remained significant (OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.57–9.51; <em>P</em> = 0.003; per day prescribed: OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; <em>P</em> = 0.001). After propensity score matching for BW, GA, BPD, sepsis, and any bacterial infection, the average percent of infants who required treatment was 9.9 percentage points higher among those who received cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams compared to those same infants if they had not received them (95% CI, 2.0–17.8 percentage points; <em>P</em> = 0.014).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Early exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotic classes, particularly cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, may be associated with type 1 ROP.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The authors has no/the authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Year Outcomes of Goniotomy After Failed Surgery for Glaucoma: A Multicenter Study","authors":"Fengbin Lin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Liu Li MD ,&nbsp;Dilimulati Xiaokaiti MD ,&nbsp;Sujie Fan MD ,&nbsp;Zhihong Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Yangfan Yang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Guangxian Tang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hengli Zhang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yawen Li MD ,&nbsp;Yunhe Song MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Wang MD ,&nbsp;Zige Fang MD ,&nbsp;Jiangang Xu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xiulan Zhang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the 2-year outcomes of goniotomy (GT) in patients with prior failed glaucoma surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective, observational multicentered study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients who underwent GT after previous failed glaucoma surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were enrolled from May 2021 to October 2022. They underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including medical history review, slit lamp examination, best-corrected visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) assessments preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative complications were also evaluated. Complete success was defined as IOP of 6 to 18 mmHg with ≥20% reduction from baseline, without medication. Qualified success required similar IOP control with medication.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Intraocular pressure change, medication use, treatment success rate, and postoperative complications over 24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 61 eyes from 51 patients were included, with 20 eyes (17 patients) diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and 41 eyes (34 patients) with primary angle-closure glaucoma as their primary condition. The mean age was 60.6 ± 10.6 years, with 30 (58.8%) female patients. Prior surgeries included peripheral iridectomy (23 eyes), trabeculectomy (39 eyes), XEN Gel implant (1 eye), Ahmed valve implant (1 eye), and phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (17 eyes). Among these, complete success was achieved in 26 eyes (42.6%) and qualified success in 52 eyes (85.2%). The mean IOP dropped from 26.4 ± 6.2 mmHg preoperatively to 16.3 ± 4.8 mmHg at 24 months (35.8% reduction; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Antiglaucoma medications decreased from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 1.4 ± 1.4 over 24 months (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity remained stable during the follow-up (<em>P</em> = 0.987). Complications included hyphema (n = 7), IOP spikes (n = 6), mild corneal edema (n = 3), and shallow anterior chamber (n = 2), all within the first postoperative month. Regression analysis showed that older age was positively correlated with complete success (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.12; <em>P</em> = 0.044) and qualified success (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.28; <em>P</em> = 0.004). Primary open-angle glaucoma was negatively associated with qualified success (odds ratio = 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.84; <em>P</em> = 0.029).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Goniotomy proves to be a safe and effective procedure for patients with previous failed glaucoma surgery over the 24-month study period.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}