Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Incidence and Clinical Practice of Myopic Macular Neovascularization: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","authors":"Masahiro Akada MD ,&nbsp;Masahiro Miyake PhD, MPH ,&nbsp;Masayuki Hata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ai Kido MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Wakako Okayama MD ,&nbsp;Ai Nakata MD ,&nbsp;Shinya Nakao MD ,&nbsp;Kazuya Morino MD ,&nbsp;Shota Yasukura MD ,&nbsp;Yuki Mori MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tamura PhD, ScM ,&nbsp;Akitaka Tsujikawa MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To elucidate the epidemiological background of myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV), including its incidence and treatment patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A population-based cohort study using a nationwide claims database.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Individuals covered by the Japanese National Health Insurance System between 2016 and 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized data from the national claims database managed by the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The database covers over 95% of health care claims in Japan under the universal health coverage system. We identified individuals with new-onset mMNV between January 2016 and December 2022. We also calculated incidence rates based on age and sex stratification for each year. We also assessed the initial treatment patterns for mMNV, focusing on the use of anti-VEGF therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Incidence rates and treatment patterns of mMNV.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 7-year period, we identified 45 671 cases of mMNV, with 70.7% occurring in women. The crude incidence rate (per 100 000 person-years) in the general population was 5.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.13–5.22), with 3.12 (95% CI, 3.07–3.18) in men and 7.12 (95% CI, 7.04–7.19) in women. The mean age of onset was lower in men (59.3 ± 16.7 years) than in women (63.5 ± 16.2 years). In total, 52.6% of newly diagnosed patients with mMNV received anti-VEGF treatment, with 43.5% receiving ranibizumab and 56.5% receiving aflibercept. The number of injections in the first (0–12 months), second (13–24 months), and third (25–36 months) years after the initial injection was 2.45 ± 1.83, 0.62 ± 1.42, and 0.46 ± 1.27, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the largest population-based evidence on the detailed epidemiology of mMNV following the implementation of anti-VEGF therapy under the Japanese National Insurance System. We examined how the incidence varied over time and analyzed the usage rates of each anti-VEGF agent, as well as the number of injections, offering valuable insights into the medical and social implications of mMNV following the widespread implementation of anti-VEGF therapy. These findings enhance understanding of the medical and social features of mMNV.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 6","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark Adaptometry Kinetics Differentiates Age-Related Macular Degeneration from Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","authors":"Ashwin P. Verghese BE ,&nbsp;Claudia C. Lasalle BA ,&nbsp;David J. Ramsey MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the diagnostic utility of dark adaptometry (DA) rod intercept time (RIT) to differentiate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective consecutive case series.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of AMD or CSCR who were ≥50 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included patients who had completed a DA study in ≥1 eye measured at 5° superior to the fovea on the retina. All patients underwent a comprehensive retina examination, including OCT assessment of the macula.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Patients were classified based on their RIT, with an RIT &gt;6.50 minutes considered a delay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 67 patients with AMD and 25 with CSCR. Patients with AMD tended to be older (73.8 ± 8.9 years vs. 65.0 ± 7.2 years, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and were more likely female (53.7% vs. 28.0%, <em>P</em> = 0.049) compared with their CSCR counterparts. Additionally, patients with AMD tended to exhibit poorer vision in both their better-seeing (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.14 ± 0.13 vs. 0.08 ± 0.13, <em>P</em> = 0.057) and worse-seeing (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.48 ± 0.47 vs. 0.26 ± 0.25, <em>P</em> = 0.028) eyes. Rod intercept times were slower in patients with AMD compared with CSCR, both in the faster-adapting (12.44 ± 6.96 minutes vs. 4.01 ± 1.28 minutes, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and slower-adapting (13.06 ± 6.67 minutes vs. 4.95 ± 1.78 minutes, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) eyes. Using a delayed RIT in the faster-adapting eye to classify patients with AMD versus CSCR showed excellent performance with a sensitivity of 79.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.4%–88.1%) and perfect specificity of 100.0% (95% CI: 86.3%–100.0%), yielding an accuracy of 97.4% (95% CI: 91.7%–99.6%). After adjusting for age, sex, and visual acuity, RIT in the faster-adapting eye remained an independent predictor of AMD versus CSCR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prolonged dark adaptation, indicated by a longer RIT, is capable of distinguishing individuals with AMD from CSCR, 2 conditions that share similar fundus features. Future investigations are warranted to assess the effectiveness of this noninvasive technique for AMD screening.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 6","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Myopia and Anxiety: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Waihang Wong ,&nbsp;Yimin Qin ,&nbsp;Chi Liu ,&nbsp;Shiran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yangfa Zeng ,&nbsp;Decai Wang ,&nbsp;Lingyi Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate whether there is a causal relationship between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>For the forward MR, 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GAD were obtained from the FinnGen Research (5280 cases and 368 054 controls; European). For reverse MR, 253 SNPs associated with mean spherical equivalent (MSE) were derived from the UK Biobank (95 619 participants; European).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Summary-level data from the 2 genome-wide association studies were used to conduct bidirectional MR analyses. Four MR methodologies—inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode—were employed, with IVW serving as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger intercept and heterogeneity Q test, were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The outcomes of the forward and reverse MR analyses were MSE and GAD, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study demonstrated a significant causal effect of GAD and myopia, suggesting individuals with GAD are at an elevated risk of more myopic MSE (IVW: β = −0.138; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.221 to −0.056, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Conversely, we did not find evidence to support a causal effect of myopia on GAD (IVW: β = −0.017; 95% CI −0. 051 to −0.016, <em>P</em> = 0.308). Sensitivity analyses revealed no evidence of genetic confounding to bias the estimate of causal effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrates a significant causal relationship between GAD and a more myopic MSE, though the effect size was relatively small. These findings could be taken into consideration while implementing mental health interventions in children.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grip Strength and Age-Related Ocular Diseases: Insights from Observational, Mendelian Randomization, and Mediation Analyses","authors":"Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Dongling Guo ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Meng MD ,&nbsp;Jiao Qi MD ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Wenwen He MD ,&nbsp;Yih Chung Tham PhD ,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to examine the cross sectional and causal associations of grip strength with cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and probe the underlying mechanisms by evaluating the mediating role of metabolomic alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 307 796 UK Biobank participants with grip strength and covariates data available.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between grip strength and age-related ocular diseases. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to assess the causality. Metabolic biomarkers from plasma samples were measured through nuclear magnetic resonance (n = 152 376), and principal component (PC) analysis was implemented to identify metabolic patterns (PC1–PC8). The mediation effects of both metabolic biomarkers and metabolic patterns were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The prevalence of age-related ocular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the highest tertile of grip strength, the lowest tertile had a higher prevalence of cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.39), glaucoma (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13–1.33), and DR (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 2.32–3.38). Genetic-associated elevated grip strength of at least 1 hand was associated with a lower risk of developing cataracts, DR, and AMD. Mediation analyses showed metabolic patterns, characterized by altered lipids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decrement (i.e., PC2 and PC8), significantly mediated the association of grip strength with cataract and DR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Weaker grip strength is associated with cataracts, glaucoma, and DR. Metabolomic alterations, especially disrupted lipid metabolism and omega-3 PUFA decrement, serve to be the critical mediators.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Natural History of Branch Retinal Artery Ischemia","authors":"Cortney Connor BA ,&nbsp;Haley S. D'Souza MD ,&nbsp;Raymond Iezzi MD, MS ,&nbsp;Ryan N. Vogel MD ,&nbsp;Ahmad Al-Moujahed MD, PhD ,&nbsp;John B. Miller MD ,&nbsp;Kareem Moussa MD ,&nbsp;Glenn Yiu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the clinical features and natural history of branch retinal artery ischemia (BRAI)—an uncommon condition where chronic, partial branch retinal artery obstruction (also known as partial BRAO) by a nonocclusive arterial plaque causes sectoral retinal ischemia and hemorrhages.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective, multicenter cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Thirteen patients diagnosed with BRAI between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We identified patients with BRAI based on the presence of (1) a retinal arterial plaque, (2) sectoral round hemorrhages in the distribution of the affected artery, and (3) delayed arterial flow on fluorescein angiography (FA). We reviewed longitudinal medical records, color fundus images, FA, OCT, and OCT angiography images where available. We also systematically reviewed images of patients diagnosed with Hollenhorst plaque, BRAO or central retinal artery occlusion, or ocular ischemic syndrome to estimate BRAI prevalence.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Clinical features, visual acuity (VA), and central subfield thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 13 patients with BRAI with a median follow-up of 1.7 years (range 0.1–6.3 years). The mean age was 74.2 ± 9.4 years, with 61.5% men. Most patients had a history of hypertension (76.9%), hyperlipidemia (84.6%), carotid artery disease (69.2%), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (69.2%). Most patients (53.9%) maintained good VA (20/25 or better) over the years, and none developed macular edema or neovascularization during follow-up. The retinal hemorrhages fluctuated in severity over time but did not correlate with VA or central subfield thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Branch retinal artery ischemia is defined by a triad of features: retinal arterial plaque, sectoral retinal hemorrhages, and delayed arterial flow. Most patients with BRAI have systemic vascular risk factors but maintain good vision without complications over years.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Early Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy and CTG Trinucleotide Expansion Positivity Using Scheimpflug Imaging","authors":"Stanley S.J. Poh MBBS ,&nbsp;Kai Yuan Tey MBBS ,&nbsp;Gary S.L. Peh PhD ,&nbsp;Dawn J.H. Neo MSc ,&nbsp;Hla Myint Htoon PhD ,&nbsp;Evan K.L. Lee ,&nbsp;Yu Qiang Soh MBBS ,&nbsp;V Vinod Mootha MD ,&nbsp;Jodhbir S. Mehta PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate changes in corneal densitometry and optical aberrations using Scheimpflug imaging in early Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and to assess their association with CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes diagnosed between 2018 and 2022 were included. Control eyes were recruited from healthy individuals undergoing cataract surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All eyes underwent Scheimpflug imaging. Subclinical edema was defined by the presence of ≥2 of the following features: (1) loss of parallel isopachs; (2) displacement of the thinnest point; and (3) focal posterior depression. A subset of FECD subjects was genotyped for CTG repeat expansion.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Corneal densitometry, higher-order aberration (HOA), and pachymetry were quantified. Densitometry was measured across 3 layers (anterior 120 μm, central, and posterior 60 μm) and within 4 concentric annuli while HOA was analyzed separately for the anterior and posterior cornea.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred eight FECD cases and 59 controls were included. Eyes with subclinical edema exhibited significantly higher densitometry and HOA across all corneal layers and zones compared with those without edema (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Subclinical edema was independently associated with increased posterior corneal HOA (β = 15.068, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.546–22.590) and elevated densitometry in the central 0 to 2 mm annulus across all layers. Among genotyped eyes, 22 (44.0%) were positive for CTG expansion, which was associated with lower densitometry in the anterior (β = −4.59, 95% CI: −7.28 to −1.92), central (β = −1.76, 95% CI: −2.79 to −0.74), and posterior (β = −3.05, 95% CI: −5.67 to −0.44) layers of the central 0 to 2 mm annulus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy eyes with subclinical edema are associated with increased corneal densitometry and HOA, indicating early structural and optical changes. In contrast, the presence of CTG repeat expansion was correlated with reduced central corneal densitometry, suggesting a potentially distinct disease phenotype.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors with Glaucoma Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study","authors":"Yi-An Lu MD ,&nbsp;Peng-Tai Tien MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yih-Dih Cheng PhD ,&nbsp;Yow-Wen Hsieh PhD ,&nbsp;Der-Yang Cho MD ,&nbsp;Shang-Feng Tsai MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chien-Hsiang Weng MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Heng-Jun Lin ,&nbsp;Hui-Ju Lin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;I-Jong Wang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chien-Chih Chou MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 582 710 patients with T2DM treated with either DPP4i (exposure group) or non-DPP4i medications (control group) were analyzed between 2008 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were 1-to-1 matched by propensity scores on demographic and clinical characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios for POAG and NTG, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and concurrent antidiabetic medications.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Incidences of POAG and NTG.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users demonstrated a significantly lower risk of POAG (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.56) and NTG (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.50–0.62) compared to non-DPP4i users on first-generation diabetes medication. Subgroup analysis revealed a consistent risk reduction across all age groups (18–39: aHR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.51–0.62; 40–64: aHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.47–0.57; ≥65 years: aHR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.47–0.56) and among patients with or without diabetic-related complications, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (aHR: without vs. with diabetic retinopathy [0.54 vs. 0.43], without vs. with diabetic kidney disease [0.53 vs. 0.49], without vs. with DN [0.54 vs.0.43]), with all comparisons showing statistical significance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Cumulative incidence analyses revealed a sustained lower risk for DPP4i users throughout the study period (log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to DPP4i was associated with a reduced risk of developing POAG and NTG compared with users of first-generation diabetes medication. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and their implications for glaucoma prevention and management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Contact Lens Sensor System for Continuous Intraocular Pressure Monitoring: Evaluation of Accuracy in Human Eyes","authors":"Yifan Wei MM ,&nbsp;Yuning Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Zidong Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Jones Iok-Tong Chong ME ,&nbsp;Christopher Ching Hymn Lee PhD ,&nbsp;Isuru Kaweendra Karunaratne PhD ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Mingjie Deng ,&nbsp;Yangfan Yang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;David C.C. Lam PhD ,&nbsp;Minbin Yu MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring by a novel contact lens sensor system (CLS) in human eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Eighty eyes of 80 participants were recruited and divided into 3 groups: (1) 40 normal eyes; (2) 30 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) with normal IOP (&lt;21 mmHg), including 27 POAG eyes and 3 OHT eyes; and (3) 10 POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP (≥21 mmHg), comprising 4 POAG eyes and 6 OHT eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants wore the CLS to enable continuous monitoring of IOP while they assumed both seated and supine positions, with each position maintained for 10 minutes. Intraocular pressure was also measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) while participants were seated and the Perkins applanation tonometer (PAT) in supine, both before and after CLS wear.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The average IOP measured by CLS during the final 1-minute of seated and supine positions was compared with IOP measured by GAT and PAT before and after CLS wear. Also, intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found between pre-CLS GAT and CLS in normal eyes or between all comparisons in POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.5). Contact lens sensor system IOP was higher than pre-CLS PAT and post-CLS GAT/PAT IOP in normal eyes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and higher than pre-CLS GAT and post-CLS PAT in POAG/OHT eyes with normal IOP (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). All IOP differences were within ± 2 mmHg. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed moderate to very strong consistency (0.51 ≤ <em>r</em> ≤ 0.95, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) except for that between sitting CLS and post-CLS GAT in POAG/OHT eyes with high IOP. Bland–Altman analysis showed that over 80% of points were within ± 5 mmHg and over 60% within ± 3 mmHg.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>With good agreement in IOP measurement compared with applanation tonometry in seated and supine positions, across normal and POAG/OHT eyes, the CLS can be used for fairly accurate continuous IOP monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Assessment of Intrinsic Vascularity in Choroidal Nevus, Suspicious Choroidal Nevus, and Choroidal Melanoma","authors":"Buse Guneri Beser MD,&nbsp;Tanya McClendon CDOS,&nbsp;Bernadete Ayres MD,&nbsp;Hakan Demirci MD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To determine if intrinsic vascularity can be observed in B-scan ultrasound examinations of choroidal nevi (CN) and compare the intensity of the vascularity among CN, suspicious choroidal nevi (SN), and choroidal melanomas (CMs).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective nonrandomized comparative trial.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Patients with CN, SN, or treatment-naive CM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From September 2016 to January 2023, all patients underwent ultrasound examination using 10- or 15-MHz B-scan probes at a tertiary ocular oncology service.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Observed intrinsic vascularity on B-scan examinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-three eyes with CN, 49 with SN, and 45 with CM were included. We evaluated the areas of flickering motion inside the lesions on B-scan ultrasonography (USG) videos. Intrinsic vascularity was detected in 37 (86%) CN, 43 (88%) SN, and 45 (100%) CM. The intensity of intrinsic vascularity was moderate in 58% of CN but high in 45% of SN and 73% of melanomas. In the combined group (nevus and melanoma), the degree of intensity of intrinsic vascularity demonstrated a positive correlation with subretinal fluid and the lesions` height and basal diameter. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between the degree of intensity of intrinsic vascularity and internal reflectivity and the presence of overlying drusen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Choroidal nevi can have moderate intrinsic vascularity, detectable during B-scan ultrasound examinations. This contradicts the current view that CN is a nonvascular tumor on ophthalmic ultrasound. Therefore, the identification of vascular motion in B-scan USG cannot be used to exclude the diagnosis of CN. Serial multimodal imaging along with a clinical follow-up is necessary for the differentiation of CN and melanomas.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging and Dark-Adapted Chromatic Perimetry in BEST1 Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy: Identification of Outcome Measurements","authors":"Jose Ronaldo Lima de Carvalho Jr. MD ,&nbsp;Jin Kyun Oh MD ,&nbsp;Sara Ragi BS ,&nbsp;Joonpyo Kim PhD ,&nbsp;Remy S. Manzi MD ,&nbsp;Emily Sun MD ,&nbsp;Thiago Cabral MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rubens Belfort Jr. MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Vivienne C. Greenstein PhD ,&nbsp;Janet R. Sparrow PhD ,&nbsp;Stephen H. Tsang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize longitudinal multimodal imaging characteristics of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) and describe novel outcome measurements for future clinical trials.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A single-center retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>A total of 36 eyes of 18 patients with genetically and clinically confirmed diagnoses of BVMD were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and multimodal imaging including spectral-domain OCT and short-wavelength autofluorescence. Dark-adapted chromatic (DAC) perimetry was obtained in 8 of 18 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Longitudinal changes in lesion width, area, and measures of retinal thickness, including outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, were evaluated as primary outcome measures. The changes were measured at every visit to the ophthalmology clinic, with a difference between the first and most recent individual's visit of 76.56 ± 33.36 months (range 10–123 months), on average. Scotopic sensitivity as measured by DAC perimetry was compared within and outside the lesion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lesion width increased with progressive disease stage from the vitelliform stage (1.345 ± 0.218 mm) through the vitelliruptive stage (2.913 ± 0.893 mm) before decreasing in the atrophic stage (2.287 ± 0.456 mm). Central macular thickness increased between the vitelliform (0.277 ± 0.132 mm) and the pseudohypopyon stage (0.334 ± 0.055 mm) before decreasing through the vitelliruptive (0.288 ± 0.085 mm) and atrophic stages (0.236 ± 0.020 mm). Measurements of ONL thickness at the temporal and nasal borders of the lesion demonstrated a significant difference over time (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Dark-adapted chromatic perimetry showed significant differences in scotopic sensitivity within the lesion compared with outside the lesion and compared with values for normal control subjects (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Features of multimodal imaging, including measurements of ONL thickness along the temporal and nasal borders of the lesion, as well as scotopic sensitivity as measured by DAC perimetry, may serve as valuable outcome measurements for treatment trials for BVMD.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}