Ophthalmology science最新文献

{"title":"Diminished MYCN Dosage Endows Cavitary Transformation in Retinoblastoma","authors":"Mingpeng Xu MD ,&nbsp;Hanhan Shi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yongning Shen BS ,&nbsp;Ludi Yang MD ,&nbsp;Yu Luan MD ,&nbsp;Xiang Gu MD ,&nbsp;Xuyang Wen MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Chuandi Zhou MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Renbing Jia MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xunda Ji MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Peiquan Zhao MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Minglei Han MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jiayan Fan MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Peiwei Chai MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cavitary retinoblastoma (CRB) represents a unique variant of retinoblastoma (RB) distinguished by the presence of translucent cavities, which are discernible through ophthalmoscopic examination. The present study was designed to elucidate the clinical implications and molecular signatures of CRB, thereby enhancing our understanding of this distinct subtype of RB.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A multicentric, nested case-control, retrospective cohort study combining spatial proteomic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>In a longitudinal study encompassing 1360 RB patients, conducted over a 13-year timeframe from June 2008 to February 2022, cavitary spaces were detected within the tumors of 48 eyes of 46 patients. A control cohort of 180 eyes from 138 age-matched patients with non-CRB was selected, maintaining a 1:3 case-control ratio. Laser-captured spatial proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the pivotal molecular changes within this specific subtype. The silencing of MYCN was achieved using adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2-mediated gene therapy in patient-derived xenograft models.</div></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><div>Enucleation, chemotherapy, and focal therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Overall survival and metastasis-free survival.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cavitary RB was linked to enhanced metastasis-free survival (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and overall survival (<em>P</em> = 0.03), as well as an increased proportion of well-differentiated status (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and a reduced incidence of vitreous seeding (<em>P</em> = 0.02). Spatial proteomic analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunohistopathology revealed a lower MYCN expression in CRB than in non-CRB. Silencing MYCN in patient-derived xenografts using AAV recapitulated these phenotypes of CRB, including the formation of translucent cavities and the emergence of cone-like rosettes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study establishes a novel genetic–phenotypic association, revealing that diminished MYCN expression induces the formation of translucent cavities. This phenotype is indicative of a less aggressive, well-differentiated CRB subtype with a more favorable prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Intraocular Pressure in Population-Based Cohorts in Japan: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study","authors":"Nobuo Fuse MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hayato Anzawa PhD ,&nbsp;Miyuki Sakurai PhD ,&nbsp;Ikuko N. Motoike PhD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nagaie PhD ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Nakamura PhD ,&nbsp;Akiko Miyazawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Eiichi N. Kodama MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Masatsugu Orui MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yohei Hamanaka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tomoko Kobayashi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akira Uruno MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Makiko Taira MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ritsuko Shimizu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Naoki Nakaya PhD ,&nbsp;Mami Ishikuro PhD ,&nbsp;Taku Obara PhD ,&nbsp;Fuji Nagami PhD ,&nbsp;Soichi Ogishima PhD ,&nbsp;Fumiki Katsuoka PhD ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yamamoto MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution and determinants of ocular biometric parameters and to assess the association between intraocular pressure (IOP) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Japanese population–based genome cohort studies.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional analysis involving genome-wide association studies (GWASs).</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>In total, 22 150 participants aged &gt;18 years from the population cohort (Community-Based Cohort [CommCohort]) and 11 302 participants from the Birth and Three-Generation (BirThree) Cohort of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Eye Study were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participant underwent interviews, ophthalmic and physiological examinations, laboratory tests, and microarray analyses. Genome-wide association studies were conducted in the CommCohort (discovery stage) and the BirThree Cohort (replication stage), followed by a meta-analysis. Associations of SNPs and IOP were evaluated using a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10⁻⁸).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Association of SNPs with IOP and distributions of IOP by sex and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the discovery stage, the mean IOP of the right and left eye was 13.95 and 14.02 mmHg, respectively. In the replication stage, the corresponding values were 14.32 and 14.27 mmHg, respectively. A significant age-related reduction in IOP was observed in both stages (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Genome-wide association studies identified 573 and 2 genome-wide significant SNPs in the discovery and replication stages, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed 1601 significant SNPs across 21 loci on 11 chromosomes (Chrs). Of these loci, 17 were previously known to be associated with IOP or glaucoma, while four—septin-8 (<em>SEPT8</em>; Chr5), aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (<em>ALDH2</em>; Chr12), collagen type VI alpha 2 chain (<em>COL6A2</em>; Chr21), and Wnt family member 7B (<em>WNT7B</em>; Chr22)—were newly identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This large-scale GWAS in a Japanese population identified 21 loci associated with IOP, including 4 novel loci. The findings highlight both genetic similarities and population-specific variations in SNPs influencing IOP and provide valuable insights to enhance eye health care, including glaucoma management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Effects of Age at the Onset of Myopia on Multiple Diseases Using Electronic Health Records","authors":"Xiayin Zhang PhD ,&nbsp;Shan Wang MD ,&nbsp;Yu Huang PhD ,&nbsp;Yanjie Xie PhD ,&nbsp;Ishith Seth MD ,&nbsp;Gabriella Bulloch MD ,&nbsp;Chunran Lai MD ,&nbsp;Yijun Hu PhD ,&nbsp;Xianwen Shang PhD ,&nbsp;Mingguang He PhD ,&nbsp;Zhuoting Zhu PhD ,&nbsp;Honghua Yu PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To examine whether genetic predisposition to age at the onset of myopia is associated with the development of future diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) from the UK Biobank.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>A polygenic risk score (PRS) for age at the onset of myopia was constructed using 80 variants selected from a genome-wide association study. Participants were eligible if they had available genetic information during recruitment between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. Disease outcomes were mapped to phenotype codes (phecodes) based on hospital episode statistics and causes of death up to April 29, 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis of phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) identified possible associations between the age of myopia-onset PRS and a range of disease outcomes. Cox proportional hazards analysis and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) further confirmed associations between PRS and diseases passing Bonferroni correction. The disease-trajectory analysis explored the sequential patterns in childhood-onset and adult-onset groups.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Disease outcomes related to age at the onset of myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study population comprised 315 568 UK Biobank participants, and 1000 unique phecodes from 17 different disease categories were included for analysis. After Bonferroni correction, PheWAS identified younger age at myopia-onset PRS was associated with hospital-diagnosed myopia and 13 other outcomes when using the Bonferroni threshold (all <em>P</em> &lt; 5.0 × 10⁻⁵). Eleven distinct disease associations with dose-response effects were confirmed using Cox proportional hazards analysis with stratified PRS. Two-sample MR analyses provided further support for the effects of younger age at myopia on higher risks of retinal detachments, cataracts, disorders of the vitreous body, and hypothyroidism, whereas older age of the onset of myopia conferred a higher risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma. Temporal analyses indicated myopia preceded the above disorders in both the childhood-onset and adult-onset groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This data-driven MR-PheWAS identified a range of ocular disorders and hypothyroidism that were related to age at the onset of myopia. Our results highlight the importance of treating younger-onset myopia and the management of myopia-related comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Variation in Guttae Distribution in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy","authors":"Yasufumi Tomioka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Morio Ueno MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akihisa Yamamoto PhD ,&nbsp;Koji Kitazawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hideki Fukuoka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Motomu Tanaka PhD ,&nbsp;Chie Sotozono MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ula V. Jurkunas MD ,&nbsp;Shigeru Kinoshita MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate regional variations in guttae distribution in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and evaluate its relationship with anatomical ultraviolet (UV) protection by the eyelid.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>This study involved 19 eyes of 19 patients with FECD between April 2022 and June 2024 at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using slit-scanning wide-field contact specular microscopy, we analyzed guttae distribution in 5 corneal regions (central, superior, temporal, nasal, and inferior). Marginal reflex distance (MRD) was measured to assess the eyelid position. Proportion of guttae was quantified using image analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Regional differences in guttae distribution and correlation with MRD measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The superior region demonstrated a significantly lower proportion of guttae (29.4%) compared with central (69.0%), temporal (57.4%), and nasal areas (57.5%) (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The difference between superior and inferior areas (45.6%) was not significant (<em>P</em> = 0.08). Margin reflex distance measurements showed no significant correlation with superior guttae distribution (<em>P</em> = 0.40).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study reveals a distinct regional variation in FECD progression, with relative sparing of the superior cornea suggesting potential UV-protective mechanisms. Although not directly correlated with eyelid position, these findings indicate that environmental factors may influence disease progression. This insight suggests the potential benefit of UV protection as a preventive strategy, particularly in early-stage FECD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Scattered Hypofluorescent Spots as an Adverse Prognostic Factor for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy","authors":"Seo Hee Kim MD ,&nbsp;Kai Tzu-iunn Ong ,&nbsp;Seonghee Choi MD ,&nbsp;Eun Jee Chung MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Min Kim MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Christopher Seungkyu Lee MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jinyoung Yeo PhD ,&nbsp;Eun Young Choi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) demonstrates significant prognostic variability, and the impact of age-related scattered hypofluorescent spots observed in late-phase indocyanine green angiography (ASHS-LIA) on the prognosis of PCV remains under-researched. This study aims to investigate the association between ASHS-LIA in PCV and prognosis using the AdaBoost machine learning model.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>The study included patients diagnosed with PCV and treated with anti-VEGF therapy at 2 medical institutions between 2012 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics, anti-VEGF treatment history, and outcomes of the participants, classifying them based on the presence or absence of ASHS-LIA. An AdaBoost meta-estimator was applied to predict prognosis, including disease stability, injection frequency, and time to first remission, utilizing features selected through principal component analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The prognostic significance of ASHS-LIA was assessed by feature importance, with the mean decrease in impurity serving as the evaluation metric.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 57 eyes with PCV, 31 exhibited ASHS-LIA and 26 did not. Compared with the non-ASHS-LIA group, the ASHS-LIA group had fewer patients who achieved a super-stable status without recurrence for &gt;18 months postremission (<em>P =</em> 0.03), required a longer time to reach first remission (<em>P</em> = 0.04), and needed more injections (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). AdaBoost models confirmed the importance of ASHS-LIA for predicting disease stability, injection demand, and time to first remission, ranking it as the third, seventh, and eighth top contributory factor, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Machine learning analysis identified ASHS-LIA as a negative prognostic factor in PCV, correlating with reduced disease stability, higher recurrence rates, and increased treatment requirements. These findings suggest that ASHS-LIA could serve as a valuable marker for assessing prognosis and guiding treatment strategies in PCV management.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Ex Vivo Cross-Linking on Neovascularization of the Donor Cornea Carrier Tissue for the Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis","authors":"Ana M. Roldan MD ,&nbsp;Rohan Bir Singh MD ,&nbsp;Sofia De Arrigunaga MD ,&nbsp;Elizabeth L. Gatto ,&nbsp;Alexander Melki ,&nbsp;Steven J. Staffa MS ,&nbsp;David Zurakowski MS, PhD ,&nbsp;Nikolay Boychev OD, PhD, MEd ,&nbsp;Joseph B. Ciolino MD ,&nbsp;Keratoprosthesis Cross-linking Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL) on corneal neovascularization (CNV) between eyes that were randomized to receive either CXL or non-CXL donor corneas as the carrier tissue for Boston keratoprosthesis surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective masked analysis of CNV from slit lamp photographs taken at postoperative weeks 16, 24, 36, and 52.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Sixty-eight donor corneas were prospectively randomized 1:1 to receive either donor corneas that underwent ex vivo CXL or were non-CXL. The images of 47 corneas that were suitable for evaluation were included in the final analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The slit lamp photos were analyzed morphometrically using a standardized protocol on Photoshop CS5 (Adobe Systems Inc) and ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health).</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The 2 primary metrics used to quantify CNV were neovascular area (NA), defined as the area of corneal vessels projected onto the plane of a photograph, and invasion area (IA), defined as the fraction of corneal area in which vessels are present.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on multivariable mixed-effects linear modeling, CXL reduces the percentage of NA in the CXL group by 2.2% (<em>P</em> = 0.113). Similarly, there is an average reduction of 7.8% in the percentage of IA in the CXL group compared with the non-CXL group (<em>P</em> = 0.303).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although not statistically significant, this study observed a trend toward a lower CNV in CXL donor corneas compared with non-CXL donor corneas, suggesting that ex vivo CXL of donor corneas may protect against CNV of the donor cornea.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00107-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-9145(25)00107-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning–Based Prediction of Glaucoma Severity and Progression Using Imo/TEMPO Screening Program","authors":"Kei Sano MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Euido Nishijima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shunsuke Sumi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Takahiko Noro MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shumpei Ogawa MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yuka Igari MD ,&nbsp;Aiko Iwase MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tadashi Nakano MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop DeepISP, a deep learning model that predicts the comprehensive visual field (VF) information of the Humphrey visual field analyzer (HFA) based on rapid screening perimetry (Imo/TEMPO screening program [ISP]).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective, cross-sectional, and longitudinal cohort database study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>One hundred eighty-seven actual ISPs from 112 patients who underwent both ISP and HFA 24-2 on the same day at the Jikei University School of Medicine Affiliated Hospital and 3470 synthesized ISPs from 883 patients who underwent VF measurements using HFA 24-2 and HFA 10-2 at 4 hospitals affiliated with Jikei University School of Medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed 2 variants of multitask neural networks designed to predict both current VF parameters and VF progression parameters. We also evaluated the efficacy of data augmentation to synthesize ISP tests created by combining 20 points from HFA 24-2 and 8 points from HFA 10-2, with thresholding applied to these 28 points.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Mean absolute error for mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and visual field index (VFI). Mean F1 score for total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD) probability plot classification. Area under the curve (AUC) for MD progression (MD slope &lt;−1.0 decibel/year) and VFI progression (VFI slope &lt;−1.8%/year).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DeepISP could predict current VF status. Mean absolute errors for predicting MD, PSD, and VFI were 1.869 ± 0.114, 1.918 ± 0.082, and 5.146 ± 0.487, respectively. The mean F1 scores for pointwise classification of TD and PD probability plots were 0.761 ± 0.002 and 0.775 ± 0.002, respectively. The AUC for classifying glaucoma hemifield test was 0.920 ± 0.008. DeepISP was also capable of predicting VF progression, with AUCs of 0.828 ± 0.060 and 0.832 ± 0.062 for predicting MD and VFI progression, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We demonstrated ISP's versatility and capability in predicting comprehensive VF information, including current severity and progression risk. Our DeepISP serves as an efficient tool for screening and prioritizing patients with glaucoma for clinical intervention using only a single rapid ISP test.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 6","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inner Plexiform Layer Substrata Are Discernible with Commercial OCT and Affected by Aging","authors":"Victor S.M.C. Correa MD ,&nbsp;Maria Emfietzoglou MD ,&nbsp;Gustavo Sakuno MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rosanne Naafs MSc ,&nbsp;Joan W. Miller MD ,&nbsp;Alexander Charonis MD ,&nbsp;Demetrios G. Vavvas MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the inner plexiform layer (IPL) microstructure and its changes with aging using commercial spectral-domain OCT macular scans of healthy individuals with a semiautomated segmentation program.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study conducted at the Athens Vision Eye Institute from January to July 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>The study included 92 healthy participants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>OCT images were captured with the Optovue Avanti SD-OCT and processed using ImageJ to measure thickness and analyze the hyperreflective and hyporeflective bands within the IPL. Information about signal intensity, microstructure, and contrast between these sublayers was obtained. Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation and linear regression, assessed relationships between age and IPL extracted features. Intraeye and intereye repeatability were evaluated using paired samples <em>t</em> tests combined with bootstrap analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcomes measured were signal intensity of the IPL, contrast between its hyperreflective and hyporeflective bands, and the percentage of IPL with identifiable sublayers. The secondary outcomes included inner retinal thickness measurements, including the IPL, nerve fiber layer (NFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IPL exhibited a multilayered structure with 5 sublayers, 3 hyperreflective and 2 hyporeflective, arranged in an alternating pattern. Aging was associated with higher signal intensity from hyporeflective bands and minimal changes in hyperreflective bands, resulting in an overall reduced contrast between the 5 sublayers. Older participants showed a lower percentage of IPL with identifiable sublayers, along with a lower contrast variance within the IPL. Aging also correlated with reduced inner retinal thickness, including the IPL, NFL, and GCC, with a stronger association for the IPL. Inner plexiform layer analysis exhibited high intraeye and intereye repeatability, with significant correlations and nonsignificant mean differences observed in most key parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Analysis of the IPL and its sublayers is both feasible and reproducible using commercially available OCT along with a semiautomated segmentation program. Our findings indicate that the IPL microstructure changes with aging. A comprehensive evaluation of the IPL could serve as a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases affecting synaptic health in this layer.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Noninvasive Measurement of Ocular Rigidity and the Pulsatile Choroidal Volume Change in Children and Young Adults","authors":"Martin Reyes ,&nbsp;Sage Smith ,&nbsp;Kelly Lam,&nbsp;Yasaman Adel,&nbsp;Nimesh B. Patel OD, PhD,&nbsp;Diane N. Sayah OD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xops.2025.100814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Measuring ocular rigidity (OR) and the pulsatile choroidal volume change (ΔV) from childhood to adulthood would provide essential insight into the role of the sclera and choroid in axial myopia. A validated measurement method based on Beaton et al (2015) is the only noninvasive, direct, and reliable method available, yet it has never been used in children. This study aims to assess the feasibility and repeatability of noninvasive OR and ΔV measurements in children and young adults using this method.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Children and young adults aged 6 to 26 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>OCT videos were acquired using enhanced depth imaging mode. A neural network (NN) approach was used to extract the choroid segmentation from OCT videos, which was then used to measure choroidal filling as described by Beaton et al. Ocular rigidity was computed from the ΔV and the ocular pulse amplitude using Friedenwald equation. Intrasession repeatability was assessed for subjects with 2 consecutive measurements of OR.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>Ocular rigidity, pulsatile choroidal volume change, and the method's yield.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-seven subjects (67 eyes, 27 males) aged 13 ± 6 years were enrolled, and 62 subjects completed the study. ΔV and OR were computed. Out of the 62 videos, 98% (61) of the OCT videos were successfully segmented using the NN approach, with heart rate detectable in 79% (48) of the videos. Average OR and ΔV were 0.027 ± 0.022 μL⁻¹ and 5.7 ± 2.8 μL, respectively (n = 48). The mean submacular choroidal thickness (CT) and pulsatile CT change were 283.6 ± 40.4 μm and 8.36 ± 4.4 μm, respectively. Intrasession repeatability for OR and ΔV was assessed in 31 eyes and was determined to be excellent based on a single measure intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.912, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.825, 0.956) and 0.941, 95% CI (0.879, 0.972), respectively and a within-subject standard deviation of 0.0037 μL⁻¹ and 1.14 μL, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Measures of OR and ΔV are achievable in children and young adults and have good repeatability. This noninvasive method can be used to establish structural biomechanical changes of the sclera and choroid with myopic axial elongation in childhood and beyond.</div></div><div><h3>Financial Disclosure(s)</h3><div>The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":74363,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology science","volume":"5 5","pages":"Article 100814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}