American journal of cardiovascular disease最新文献

{"title":"Ivabradine effects on COVID-19-associated postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a single center prospective study.","authors":"Mahmoud Abdelnabi,&nbsp;Yehia Saleh,&nbsp;Ashraf Ahmed,&nbsp;Juthipong Benjanuwattra,&nbsp;Natnicha Leelaviwat,&nbsp;Abdallah Almaghraby","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A wide range of cardiac arrhythmias were reported in the setting of active infection or as a complication of COVID-19. The main pathophysiology can be attributed to dysautonomia or autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a complex, multisystemic disorder affecting usually younger age with tachycardia at rest or with minimal effort being the main symptom. Data regarding the safety and efficacy of ivabradine in POTS treatment is limited to small studies and case reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included a total of 55 COVID-19-associated POTS patients after the exclusion of other causes of tachycardia. Ivabradine 5 mg twice daily was initiated. Re-assessment of patients' symptoms, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters' changes after 3 days of ivabradine therapy was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the included patients was 30.5±6.9 years with 32 patients being males (58.2%). 43 of 55 (78%) of the included patients reported significant improvement of the symptoms within 7 days of ivabradine therapy. 24-hour heart rate (minimum, average, and maximum) was significantly lower (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001*, = 0.001*, < 0.0001* consecutively) with a significant difference in HRV time-domain parameters (SDNN, rMSSD) (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001*) after ivabradine therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a prospective study that evaluated the effects of ivabradine in post-COVID-19 POTS, patients treated with ivabradine reported improvement of their symptoms within 7 days of ivabradine treatment with a significant reduction of 24-hour average, minimum, and maximum heart rate, and improvement of HRV time domains parameters. Ivabradine might be a useful option to relieve symptoms of tachycardia in COVID-19 POTS. Further research is required to confirm the safety and efficacy of ivabradine in POTS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352820/pdf/ajcd0013-0162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ablation of ventricular tachycardia from coronary sinus in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries.","authors":"Ahmad Khalil,&nbsp;Sihong Huang,&nbsp;Christopher Ratnasamy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) compromises less than 1% of all congenital heart diseases, where the RV is the systemic ventricle. It can be associated with heart block, twin AV nodes and accessory pathway connections. Idiopathic Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is not common, with only few reported cases, and they were scar related. Previously reported cases of VT ablation from coronary venous sinus (CVS) are in structurally normal hearts. We performed a VT ablation in ccTGA patient from the CVS, resulting in symptomatic improvement and a decrease in PVC burden from 35% to less than 1%. CVS should be considered as a potential site in ccTGA patients especially when PVCs have RBBB morphology and superior axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352817/pdf/ajcd0013-0202.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10202726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of the consequences of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery using open and endovascular surgical methods.","authors":"Seyyed Mostafa Zia Ziabari,&nbsp;Hossien Hemmati,&nbsp;Emad Khalili Sabet,&nbsp;Sheyda Rimaz,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Esmaeili Delshad,&nbsp;Aryan Rafieezadeh,&nbsp;Siamak Rimaz,&nbsp;Daniel Rahimi Nejat,&nbsp;Zohre Darabipour","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition. Open surgery and endovascular repair are the options for treating AAA. This study aimed to compare the frequencies of in-hospital complications and outcomes in two groups of patients who underwent AAA repair surgery using either an open or an endovascular repair method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on the records of 60 patients with AAA undergoing elective surgery repair using endovascular approaches or open surgery at Razi Hospital from 2010 to 2019. Patients' related information, including age, sex, changes in blood pressure, respiratory complications, renal complications, myocardial infarction, paraplegia, cloneischemia, lower limb ischemia, duration of hospital stay in intensive care unit and hospital, the dose of packed RBC, the dose of injectable narcotic analgesics, the need for vasopressor medication, duration of surgery, duration of postoperative oral feeding, and death during hospitalization were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 60 patients in two groups were studied. The mean age of patients was 72.4 ± 6.28 years, and most were male (86.7%). The incidence of renal complications (3.3%) and respiratory complications (0%), rate of decrease in arterial blood oxygen saturation, length of stay in ICU (median 2 vs. 4) and hospital (median 4.5 vs. 7), the need for vasopressor injection and the dose of packed RBC (median 0.4 vs. 3.33), the dose of narcotic analgesic injection (53.3%), duration of surgery (median 2.5 vs. 3), duration of postoperative oral feeding (median 23 vs. 54), and the incidence of death were significantly lower in the endoscopic surgery group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endovascular surgery repairing the rupture of an AAA is associated with fewer postoperative complications and in-hospital death than open surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352816/pdf/ajcd0013-0192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological implications of cardiac compromise in COVID-19.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is increasing evidence that particularly in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) the heart can be primarily or secondarily compromised. Neurological disease as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 associated cardiac disease is conceivable. This review aims at summarising and discussing previous and recent advances in the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of cardiac complications and its implications on the brain of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Literature review using appropriate search terms and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cardiac complications in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients not only include myocardial injury, myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS), coagulation abnormalities, heart failure, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiogenic shock, but a number of other more rarely occurring cardiac abnormalities. Additionally considered should be endocarditis due to superinfection, viral or bacterial pericarditis, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism from the right atrium, ventricle or outflow tract, and cardiac autonomic denervation. Cardiac damage due to side effects from the anti-COVID medication should not be neglected. Several of these conditions may be complicated by ischemic stroke, intracerebral bleeding, or dissection of cerebral arteries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The heart can be definitively affected in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heart disease in COVID-19 may be complicated by stroke, intracerebral bleeding, or dissection of cerebral arteries. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 associated cardiac disease is not at variance from that of cardiac disease without this infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 2","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193247/pdf/ajcd0013-0043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9505026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ivabradine effects in hospitalized acute heart failure patients: a single center retrospective study.","authors":"Mahmoud Abdelnabi,&nbsp;Juthipong Benjanuwattra,&nbsp;Yehia Saleh,&nbsp;Haitham Badran,&nbsp;Shadi Ahmed,&nbsp;Abdallah Almaghraby","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increased heart rate (HR) is deleterious in patients with decompensated heart failure. Ivabradine, an HR lowering agent which acts by inhibiting the I_f current in the sinoatrial node, is indicated for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, data regarding the safety and efficacy of ivabradine in acute decompensated heart failure is limited. This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the effects of ivabradine on morbidity and short-term mortality of hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 998 patients with acute decompensated heart failure on top of a chronic status from 1/5/2014 to 1/5/2019 who were already on guideline-directed treatment including a beta-blocker were included. Patients were divided into two groups, the first group (No-ivabradine) where patients continued the same dose of beta-blocker alone while the second group (ivabradine group) ivabradine 5 mg BID was added in addition to the same dose of beta-blocker. Patients with hemodynamic instabilities were excluded from the study. Propensity matching was performed to exclude confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference between groups regarding baseline patient characteristics, laboratory, and echocardiographic data. There were significant differences between groups regarding average HR (87 ± 15 and 90 ± 12 bpm in ivabradine and control groups, consecutively, P = 0.0006*) and length of hospital stay (5.3 ± 2.3 and 7.7 ± 5.6 days in ivabradine and control groups, consecutively, P < 0.0001*). However, there were no differences in rehospitalization and mortality rates at 1 month and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of ivabradine on morbidity and short-term mortality of hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Ivabradine was associated with significantly lower average HR and length of hospital stay. However, there was no benefit in the reduction of rehospitalization and mortality rates at 1- and 6-month follow-ups.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352815/pdf/ajcd0013-0177.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocarditis presentation following COVID-19 virus infection versus COVID-19 vaccination.","authors":"Usha Yendrapalli,&nbsp;Ali Hassoun,&nbsp;Roderick M Zalamea,&nbsp;Abdulwahab Hritani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced cardiac injury has recently emerged as a major public health concern around the globe. There are reported cases of COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis, but they are generally extremely rare and mild. In contrast, COVID-19 infection can cause acute cardiac injury with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Herein, we describe the difference in patients' presentation by comparing two cases of myocarditis. One after contracting COVID-19 virus infection with a severe clinical course, and the other patient developed myocarditis post-COVID-19 vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"12 5","pages":"272-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677185/pdf/ajcd0012-0272.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10278094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twelve months clinical outcomes of ultrathin strut sirolimus-eluting stent in real-world Indian patients with coronary artery disease.","authors":"Prakash Ajmera,&nbsp;Ramesh Pothineni,&nbsp;Kamal Kumar Chawla,&nbsp;Sai Sudhakar Mantravadi,&nbsp;Pankaj Jariwala,&nbsp;Vinod Vijan,&nbsp;Vikrant Vijan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although the field of interventional cardiology has witnessed extraordinary progression, the search of an ideal coronary drug-eluting stent is still going on. Tetriflex (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Limited, Surat, India) is a latest generation biodegradable polymer-coated ultrathin (60 µm) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) with unique Long Dual Z-link (LDZ) design. The present registry reports the 12 months clinical follow-up results of Tetriflex SES in unselected, real-world patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an investigator-initiated, retrospective, multi-center, single-arm, observational registry conducted in India between March-2017 and March-2018. The registry included 1269 consecutive patients with CAD who underwent implantation of at least one Tetriflex SES. The primary outcome was considered as target lesion failure (TLF), which was a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and clinically-driven target lesion revascularisation (CD-TLR) at 12 months follow-up. The safety outcome, at 12 months follow-up, was stent thrombosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of patients was 54.99±10.80 years. Among all, 36.6% patients had diabetes and 51.7% patients had multi-vessel disease. A total of 1515 lesions were treated with 1682 Tetriflex SES of which 73.2% lesions were complex B2/C type and 14.7% were totally occluded. At 12 months, the cumulative incidence of TLF was 5.75% comprising 0.8% cardiac death, 3.20% TV-MI and 1.72% CD-TLR. All the incidences of definite/probable stent thrombosis (n = 4, 0.32%) were reported within 30 days of the index procedure. Twelve-month cumulative incidence of TLF in diabetic subgroup was 7.10%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Twelve months clinical follow-up results of an ultrathin (60 µm), biodegradable polymer-coated Tetriflex SES, with unique LDZ-link, further clarify its safety and effectiveness in real-world, unselected Indian patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":" ","pages":"262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677186/pdf/ajcd0012-0262.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital complications associated with total artificial heart implantation in the United States between 2004 to 2011.","authors":"Ahmed K Pasha,&nbsp;Justin Z Lee,&nbsp;Hem Desai,&nbsp;Mehrtash Hashemzadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Movahed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Total artificial heart (TAH) utilization has increased over the recent years. The goal of this study was to evaluate the trend of artificial hearts used in the USA with its associated morbidity and mortality based on a large in-hospital database.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using a very large nationwide inpatient samples (NIS) database, we used ICD-9 code for a total artificial heart. We evaluated the utilization of this device over the years studied. Furthermore, we evaluated any associated complications and mortality in patients receiving this device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2004 until 2011, the rate of total artificial heart implants increased over the years from 5 in 2004 to the highest of 26 in 2011 across the United State. TAH was insesrted in 75 patients. Death was reported in 22 patients (29.3%). Acute renal failure was the most common complication (69.3%). This is followed by post-operative infectious complications (28.0%), acute renal failure requiring dialysis (16%), bleeding complications requiring blood transfusion (14.7%) respiratory complications (6.7%), and stroke/TIA (4.0%). There was no post-operative deep vein thrmobosis or pulmonary embolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of total artificial heart has increased in the United State steadily with substantial morbidity and mortality associated with this device.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":" ","pages":"278-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677184/pdf/ajcd0012-0278.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40508484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum level of prophylactic antibiotics in cardiac surgery and its implication on surgical site infection (SSI).","authors":"Turki B Albacker,&nbsp;Hussain Alqattan,&nbsp;Saeed A Alqahtani,&nbsp;Sultan Alamro,&nbsp;Norah Alsuwaidan,&nbsp;Alhanouf Alaloola,&nbsp;Ahmed Eldemerdash,&nbsp;Bakir Bakir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical site infection in cardiac surgery is still common despite applying preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis as per guidelines. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the relationship between perioperative antibiotics serum levels and the incidence of surgical site infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study that included all adult patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting between June and December 2018. The serum antibiotics levels were measured at 4 different time points. The patients were divided into two groups: The group who developed surgical site infection and the group who did not develop surgical site infection. The serum antibiotics levels were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-seven consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. The overall rate of infection was 17.95% (14/78 patients). High pre-operative HbA1C levels were associated with a higher rate of SSI (SSI 8.46 ± 2.23 vs no SSI 7.28 ± 1.82, P = 0.04). Patients who developed surgical site infection had longer intervals between administration of prophylactic antibiotics and different parts of the procedure than those who did not develop infection T2 (SSI 3.09 ± 1.12 vs no SSI 2.32 ± 0.98, P = 0.004), T3 (SSI 5.74 ± 1.69 vs no SSI 4.68 ± 1.83, P = 0.024) and T4 (SSI 7.35 ± 1.97 vs no SSI 6.01 ± 2.11, P = 0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonging different parts of cardiac surgery procedures could lead to higher risk of infection and better timing of intra-operative re-dosing of prophylactic antibiotics could be guided by measuring intra-operative serum concentrations of these antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"12 4","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9490157/pdf/ajcd0012-0233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4 Dimensional XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography: comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular strain and twist parameters in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Akhil Mehrotra,&nbsp;Shubham Kacker,&nbsp;Mohammad Shadab,&nbsp;Naveen Chandra,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>4D XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a feasible newer technology to evaluate the strain and rotational deformation of left ventricle (LV). We aimed to exhaustively present the normal value ranges of LV strain and twist parameter in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic and furthermore to analyse their relationship with age and gender.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Study population consisted of 80 adults of 18-60 years (58 men, 22 women), which was arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group A <30 years and Group B >31 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLS was higher in females (P<0.01) and in Group A (P<0.01). On the contrary GCS and GRS were higher in men (P=NS) and in Group B (P<0.01), at the mitral valve level. At the papillary muscle level GCS and GRS values are more in men (P<0.01) and in <30 years of age (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, the values of numerous other strain parameters-GLSR, GCSR, GRSR, LGV, TV, TS, TSR, Shear, Shear rate, ROV and RV, reflected heterogeneous variation across gender and various age groups. Twist was greater in men and increased with increasing age (P<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have demonstrated a comprehensive data obtained in the current study utilizing 4D XStrain STE in healthy subjects. The LV speckle tracking software simultaneously provided 4D volumetric, strain, rotation and twist data in great detail. However, this distinctive technology has not been widely adopted and its evaluation is still limited to research applications. Therefore, further clinical studies are needed to validate our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"12 4","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9490166/pdf/ajcd0012-0192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}