American journal of cardiovascular disease最新文献

{"title":"Myocarditis in COVID-19: a focus on the pediatric population.","authors":"Bshara Sleem,&nbsp;Rana Zareef,&nbsp;Fadi Bitar,&nbsp;Mariam Arabi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019 introduced new, unpreceded global challenges. Complications arising from COVID-19 widely range from mild to severe and, in some cases, lead to death. The myocardium has proven to be a potential target site for this virus, and has been affected at various levels, resulting in numerous complications, including myocarditis. This article represents a thorough and updated literature review on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 that pertain to myocarditis, its molecular basis, diagnostic modalities, and treatment approaches, with a special focus on the pediatric population. There definitely is a link between COVID-19 and myocarditis, but the manifestations of this relationship vary from one case to another. At the molecular level, various viral and immunologic factors contribute to the development of myocarditis. Diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes vary as well, but some common trends can be noted. Proper and prompt diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis are crucial. Unfortunately, data in the literature suffers from conspicuous scarcity, especially for the pediatric population; thus, further large-scale clinical studies are required to attain clear and effective guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352818/pdf/ajcd0013-0138.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in OSA patients at a tertiary care center.","authors":"Jyoti Bajpai,&nbsp;Akshyaya Pradhan,&nbsp;Darshan Bajaj,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Surya Kant,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Rishi Sethi,&nbsp;Abhishek Dubey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with many diseases, but evidence indicating that OSA is a risk factor for dyslipidemia is lacking. Aim This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in patients with OSA and its association with OSA severity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 102 patients with suspected OSA underwent standard polysomnography. All patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥5 with symptoms were diagnosed as having OSA. A fasting blood sample was collected from all patients. Blood levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were measured. The relationship between the AHI and lipid profiles was analyzed, and linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of dyslipidemia on OSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients with OSA had a significantly higher TG level and a significantly lower HDL level than did those without OSA. The lipid abnormalities increased with OSA severity. The mean serum TG level was higher in the severe OSA group (175±46.5 vs. 153±42.45, mg/dl P = 0.048), and the mean serum HDL level was lower in the severe OSA group (38.43 ± 5.19 vs. 45.73 ± 4.98, mg/dl P = 0.004). Serum TG, cholesterol, and LDL levels were correlated with a BMI of <30 and a BMI of >30 in the OSA group. Linear regression analysis indicated that only age (β = 0.301, P = 0.000), BMI (β = 0.455, P = 0.000), serum HDL level (β = -0.297, P = 0.012), and serum LDL level (β = 0.429, P = 0.001) were the independent predictors of OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSA and obesity are potential risk factors for dyslipidemia. The diagnosis of hyperlipidemia was linked to OSA, and the association was more significant with OSA severity. Hyperlipidemia was well recognized in patients with OSA. LDL and HDL are the independent predictors of OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017921/pdf/ajcd0013-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accura balloon dilatation catheter for percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty among adult patients-its protean use.","authors":"Najeeb Ullah Sofi,&nbsp;Mohit Sachan,&nbsp;Santosh K Sinha,&nbsp;Mukesh J Jha,&nbsp;Umeshwar Pandey,&nbsp;Mahmodullah Razi,&nbsp;Awadhesh K Sharma,&nbsp;Praveen Shukla,&nbsp;Puneet Aggarwal,&nbsp;Kumar Himanshu,&nbsp;Prachi Sharma,&nbsp;Ramesh Thakur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) is the treatment of choice for hemodynamically significant pulmonary stenosis (PS). Currently, the Tyshak balloon is preferred but requires multiple dilatations because of its instability across the valve leading to a watermelon seeding effect. Accura balloon (Vascular Concept, UK) offers an advantage in its self-positioning configuration, variable diameter, and rapid inflation-deflation sequence which shortens the procedural time and valve injury.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>43 patients with severe pulmonary valve stenosis underwent PBPV using an Accura balloon at LPS Institute of Cardiology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, UP, India from March 2018 to February 2022. The procedure was carried out using the standard technique but the metallic straightener was removed when the catheter reached the right atrium to facilitate its delivery across the pulmonary valve. Patients were followed up by 2D echo at 24 hours and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Successful BPV was done in all 43 patients [with mean age 21.9 (range 18-41); 31 males and 12 females] among which 5 patients had dysplastic valves. The mean diameter of the annulus was 18.5 (range 15-21) mm. Immediate hemodynamic improvement was observed in 38 patients (88%) as peak systolic gradient reduced from 84±13 to 22±12 mmHg (P<0.005) while 5 patients (12%) had <50% reduction of resting gradient, though it came down significantly at 6 months. Fluoroscopy and procedural time were 5.2±1.9 min and 22.6±3.4 min respectively. Major complications (death, cardiac perforation, tamponade, tricuspid regurgitation, requirement of blood transfusion) were none. Minor complications (transient hypotension, ventricular premature contraction, transient bradycardia) were reported in all patients. Accura balloon being bulky were delivered over left atrial and super stiff Amplatz wire in 36 and 7 patients respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PBPV using Accura balloon is safe and effective for both stenosed and dysplastic valves. In a few patients, maximal effect will be observed over a period of 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352819/pdf/ajcd0013-0152.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9844521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of the early discharge approach for low-risk STEMI patients following primary percutaneous coronary intervention.","authors":"Nicole Broughton,&nbsp;Katrina Comer,&nbsp;Oliver Casey-Gillman,&nbsp;Lizze Moore,&nbsp;Sotiris Antoniou,&nbsp;Riyaz Patel,&nbsp;Sadeer Fhadil,&nbsp;Paul Wright,&nbsp;Muhiddin Ozkor,&nbsp;Oliver Guttmann,&nbsp;Andreas Baumbach,&nbsp;Andrew Wragg,&nbsp;Ajay J Jain,&nbsp;Fizzah Choudry,&nbsp;Anthony Mathur,&nbsp;Krishnaraj S Rathod,&nbsp;Daniel A Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been growing interest in the early discharge strategy for low-risk patients who have undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to treat ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). So far findings have suggested there are multiple advantages of shorter hospital stays, including that it could be a safe way to be more cost- and resource-efficient, reduce cases of hospital-acquired infection and boost patient satisfaction. However, there are remaining concerns surrounding safety, patient education, adequate follow-up and the generalisability of the findings from current studies which are mostly small-scale. By assessing the current research, we describe the advantages, disadvantages and challenges of early hospital discharge for STEMI and discuss the factors that determine if a patient can be considered low risk. If it is feasible to safely employ a strategy like this, the implications for healthcare systems worldwide could be extremely beneficial, particularly in lower-income economies and when we consider the detrimental impacts of the recent COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 2","pages":"32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193248/pdf/ajcd0013-0032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in adult patients with HIV.","authors":"Robert J Henning,&nbsp;John N Greene","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 1.2 million people in the United States have Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections but 13% of these people are unaware of their HIV infection. Current combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not cure HIV infection but rather suppresses the infection with the virus persisting indefinitely in latent reservoirs in the body. As a consequence of ART, HIV infection has changed from a fatal disease in the past to a chronic disease today. Currently in the United States, more than 45% of HIV+ individuals are greater than 50 years of age and 25% will be greater than 65 years of age by 2030. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy, is now the major cause of death in HIV+ individuals. Novel risk factors, including chronic immune activation and inflammation in the body, antiretroviral therapy, and traditional CVD risk factors, such as tobacco and illicit drug use, hyperlipidemia, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal disease, contribute to cardiovascular atherosclerosis. This article discusses the complex interactions involving HIV infection, the novel and traditional risk factors for CVD, and the antiretroviral HIV therapies which can contribute to CVD in HIV-infected people. In addition, the treatment of HIV+ patients with acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiomyopathy/heart failure are discussed. Current recommended ART and their major side effects are summarized in table format. All medical personnel must be aware of the increasing incidence of CVD on the morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients and must be watchful for the presence of CVD in their patients with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 2","pages":"101-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193251/pdf/ajcd0013-0101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10296975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left lateral accessory pathway successfully ablated from within the coronary sinus, a case report.","authors":"Eyad Alhaj,&nbsp;Ali Alhaj","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome is a congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal accessory electrical pathway in the heart that can cause rapid heartbeat (supraventricular tachycardia). Radiofrequency ablation is considered the first-line treatment, it can be curative in almost 95% of patients. Sometimes ablation therapy can fail when the pathway is close to the epicardium. We hereby report a case of a patient with a left lateral accessory pathway. Several attempts of ablation from the endocardium targeting a clear pathway potential failed. Subsequently, the pathway was safely and successfully ablated from within the distal coronary sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 2","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193246/pdf/ajcd0013-0068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The safety of deferred coronary angiography in COVID-19 patients with acute coronary syndrome: the Barts COVID recovered pathway.","authors":"Zhi Teoh,&nbsp;Krishnaraj S Rathod,&nbsp;Katrina Comer,&nbsp;Angelos Tyrlis,&nbsp;Fizzah A Choudry,&nbsp;Mick Ozkor,&nbsp;R Andrew Archbold,&nbsp;Oliver Guttmann,&nbsp;Andrew Wragg,&nbsp;Andreas Baumbach,&nbsp;Ajay K Jain,&nbsp;Anthony Mathur,&nbsp;Daniel A Jones","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the safety and effectiveness of a novel pathway of deferrred invasive angiography in low-risk NSTEMI patients with concurrent COVID-19 infections; contrary to current UK guidelines recommending invasive coronary angiography in NSTEMI patients within 72 hours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-centre, observational study of all NSTEMI patients referred for inpatient coronary angiography at Barts Heart Centre, between March 2020 and June 2022. Demographic, procedural and outcome data were collected as part of a national cardiac audit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>201 COVID positive NSTEMI patients were referred for angiography at Barts Heart Centre. 10 patients died from COVID related respiratory complications prior to angiography. Therefore, 191 patients underwent deferred angiography (median time 16 days from COVID diagnosis). The median GRACE score was 128 (IQR 86-153). Troponin levels were significantly elevated on initial COVID diagnosis compared to time of their procedure. 73% patients had a culprit lesion identified. 61.2% receiving PCI. Patients were followed-up for a median of 363 days (IQR 120-485 days) with MACE rates of 7.3%. This is comparable to the MACE event for NSTEMI patients (n=4529) without COVID at our institution treated during the same time-period (8.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of deferred coronary angiography on a COVID-Recovered pathway after a period of medical management for patients presenting with NSTEMI and concurrent COVID-19 infection. There was no adverse signal associated with the wait for angiography with similar MACE rates to the non-deferred NSTEMI cohort without COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 3","pages":"168-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10352812/pdf/ajcd0013-0168.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital admissions for mitral stenosis in pregnancy in the United States: a thirteen-year analysis.","authors":"Neiberg de Alcantara Lima,&nbsp;Dhruvil Ashishkumar Patel,&nbsp;Nikhil Sundaram,&nbsp;Ricardo Lessa de Castro,&nbsp;Cuyler Huffman,&nbsp;Mireya Diaz,&nbsp;Silvia Teresa Linares,&nbsp;Thomas A Melgar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac conditions are a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, significantly exacerbated during the hemodynamic demands of pregnancy. Mitral stenosis in pregnancy (MSp) is rare in the USA however, it has a high risk for maternal complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We aim to outline the burden of MSp hospitalizations nationally. A retrospective review of HCUP/NIS data from 2002-2014 was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 2014 weighted discharges for both pregnancy and mitral stenosis (MS). Patients diagnosed with MS had a more considerable mean cost per discharge than the comparison group. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), Atrial Arrhythmias (AA), Stroke, and Heart Failure (HF) were respectively reported in 25.71%, 7.14%, 0.95%, and 19.28% of the discharges. Our study identified a low incidence of MS in the US over the 12-year period; no deaths were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results substantiate MSp as a risk factor for PH, AA, HF, and stroke in pregnancy. Even though the mortality is low, it is essential that clinicians be aware of this diagnosis due to higher associated morbidity and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017922/pdf/ajcd0013-0010.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9145050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum endocarditis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Deepak Dhaliwal,&nbsp;Rishi Bhargava,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Movahed","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusobacteria is anaerobic gram-negative rods, which frequently colonize the oral cavity and can rarely cause deadly diseases in humans. The two most commonly found in this group of bacteria are fusobacterium necrophorum and fusobacterium nucleatum. Only a handful of cases of endocarditis due to fusobacterium have been reported. We describe an 86-year-old male who had a recent tooth extraction presenting to the emergency department with weakness lightheadedness, and pain in his right elbow. He had a low-grade fever of 100.8°. The patient was discharged home but came back less than 24 hours with a fever of 102° and chills and again after the second discharge with sepsis of unknown origin. A week after initial blood cultures were drawn, fusobacterium nucleatum grew in one of two sets and his transesophageal echocardiogram revealed vegetation on his mitral valve. The patient was then successfully treated with a six weeks course of ampicillin-sulbactam. This case is followed by a review of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017923/pdf/ajcd0013-0029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9145049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous assessment of vascular distensibility and vessel wall area at coronary, carotid, and aortic level in diabetic patients using CMR: detection of vascular remodeling.","authors":"David Jean Winkel,&nbsp;Lukas Stoiber,&nbsp;Tingting Xiong,&nbsp;Matthias Stuber,&nbsp;Allison G Hays,&nbsp;Ursula Plöckinger,&nbsp;Patrick Doeblin,&nbsp;Christian Stehning,&nbsp;Sebastian Kelle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>No data is available about the significance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived vascular distensibility (VD) and vessel wall ratio (VWR) for risk stratification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of T2DM on VD and VWR using CMR in both central and peripheral territories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-one T2DM-patients and nine controls underwent CMR. Angulation of the aorta, the common carotid, and the coronary arteries was performed to obtain cross-sectional vessel areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In T2DM the Carotid-VWR and the Aortic-VWR correlated significantly. Mean values of Carotid-VWR and Aortic-VWR were significantly higher in T2DM than in controls. Coronary-VD was significantly lower in T2DM than in controls. No significant difference in Carotid-VD or Aortic-VD in T2DM vs. controls, respectively, could be observed. In a subgroup of thirteen T2DM patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), Coronary-VD was significantly lower and Aortic-VWR was significantly higher compared to T2DM patients without CAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CMR allows a simultaneous evaluation of the structure and function of three important vascular territories to detect vascular remodeling in T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13 2","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10193244/pdf/ajcd0013-0073.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}