American journal of cardiovascular disease最新文献

{"title":"Association between a body shape index and myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data with mediation modeling.","authors":"Ying Tang, Naiju Zhang, Tianping Chen","doi":"10.62347/FTLT4336","DOIUrl":"10.62347/FTLT4336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial infarction (MI) represents a significant global health burden. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) may indicate MI risk related to central adiposity, but large-scale evidence remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between ABSI and MI, its mediating pathways, and subgroup variations using nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The significant empirical analysis examined 44,281 adults from NHANES 1999-2018, and the key Survey-weighted logistic regression could plausibly demonstrate that ABSI-MI odds ratios (ORs) reveal important patterns. Restricted cubic splines tested linearity. Mediation analysis evaluated effects of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Predictive performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). Survey-weighted logistic regression assessed ABSI-MI odds ratios (ORs). Restricted cubic splines assessed linearity. Mediation analysis evaluated effects of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Predictive performance was compared using AUC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest ABSI quartile was associated with 73% higher odds of MI (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.26-2.39) after full adjustment. A linear dose-response relationship was observed (P for nonlinearity = 0.655). Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia mediated 80.1% of the association, with diabetes alone explaining 44.3%. Stronger associations were found in adults <65 years, women, smokers, and drinkers. In light of these findings, ABSI may suggest similar discrimination (AUC = 0.848) compared with BMI (AUC = 0.850), their combination achieved an AUC = 0.853.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ABSI may demonstrate that it predicts MI independently and linearly in US adults. The relationship is largely mediated by metabolic conditions and is strongest among younger individuals and those with adverse lifestyle profiles. Adding ABSI to BMI may modestly improve MI risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"247-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual cardiovascular risk beyond LDL-cholesterol control: what remains unaddressed?","authors":"Mohammed Taha, Buraq Al-Ghaieb, Muntadher Al-Bulanee","doi":"10.62347/CRJO2924","DOIUrl":"10.62347/CRJO2924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors have enabled LDL-cholesterol to be lowered to levels previously thought very hard to achieve. However, even after achieving low levels, some patients continued to have cardiovascular events, a phenomenon known as residual cardiovascular risk. This phenomenon indicates the complexity of atherosclerosis, not limited to a simple LDL-driven process. Vascular inflammation persists even in the presence of well-controlled lipids and is largely mediated by the NLRP3-interleukin-1β-interleukin-6 signaling pathway, which has been shown to be a viable therapeutic target in the CANTOS, COLCOT, and LoDoCo2 trials. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant cholesterol accumulate in the arterial intima and drive atherogenesis independent of LDL-C, with icosapent ethyl showing meaningful cardiovascular benefit in the REDUCE-IT trial. Apolipoprotein B reflects the true number of circulating atherogenic particles that LDL-C alone fails to identify, especially in patients with metabolic disease. Lipoprotein(a) is an inherited risk factor that statins barely affect, and it carries a well-established association with myocardial infarction, stroke, and aortic stenosis; RNA-based therapies targeting it are now in late-stage trials. The 2026 ACC/AHA Dyslipidemia Guideline now carries a Class I recommendation for universal Lp(a) measurement at least once in all adults. Impaired HDL function, insulin resistance, and a prothrombotic environment provide further risk. GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as important contributors to residual cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with metabolic dysfunction, showing consistent cardiovascular benefit on top of their background of statin therapy, with mechanisms that extend far beyond glycemic control. Coronary imaging, such as coronary calcium scoring and coronary CT angiography, can identify high-risk plaque features that persist despite aggressive lipid-lowering. Taken together, these findings make the case that LDL-C treatment is important but incomplete. A more comprehensive approach is required to meaningfully reduce the residual risk, one that considers apoB, remnant cholesterol, inflammation, lipoprotein(a), and metabolic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"234-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between coronary artery calcification and cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal markers in a Chinese population undergoing health examinations.","authors":"Mengyun Li, Wenyong Jia, Chang Liu, Zhenglei Wang, Lan Xu, Fuliang Zhou","doi":"10.62347/UAGM9095","DOIUrl":"10.62347/UAGM9095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a Chinese population undergoinghealth examinations and to evaluate the associations of cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal markers with CAC positivity and CAC burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center cross-sectional study included 2,957 Chinese adults who underwent routine health examinations and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessment at the Health Management Center of Shanghai Electric Power Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2025. CAC positivity was defined as CACS > 0. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with CAC positivity. CAC burden was further evaluated using ordinal logistic regression, linear regression for ln(CACS+1), and logistic regression for CACS ≥ 100.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2,957 participants, 737 (24.9%) were CAC-positive. In multivariable analyses, older age (adjusted OR=1.133, 95% CI: 1.113-1.153, P < 0.001), male sex (adjusted OR=7.990, 95% CI: 4.381-14.573, P < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR=1.077, 95% CI: 1.036-1.119, P < 0.001), and higher HbA1c levels (adjusted OR=1.338, 95% CI: 1.202-1.491, P < 0.001) were independently associated with CAC positivity. These associations were consistent in sensitivity analyses and across CAC burden models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAC is not unusual in the Chinese population undergoing health examinations. Old age, male sex, higher BMI, and higher HbA1c levels were consistently associated with both CAC positivity and higher CAC burden. Age, adiposity, and continuing glycemic exposure are among the routine clinical indicators that may help identify asymptomatic individuals at a high risk of CAC and support additional risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"303-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of clinical telemonitoring on treatment adherence in patients with heart failure: protocol for a systematic review of clinical trials.","authors":"Rosana Evaristo Clemente, Omar Pereira de Almeida Neto, Yanne da Silva Camargo, Elmiro Santos Resende, João Gabriel do Nascimento Vallaperde, Ercole Vellone","doi":"10.62347/JQXP1252","DOIUrl":"10.62347/JQXP1252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of telemonitoring on clinical outcomes in adult patients with heart failure, with an emphasis on treatment adherence, mortality, and hospital readmission, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a systematic review protocol developed in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported following the PRISMA-P guidelines. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD420251181047). Randomized clinical trials evaluating telemonitoring interventions in adults with heart failure and reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction will be included. Searches will be conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases, without language or publication date restrictions. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the RoB 2.0 tool. The certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. When appropriate, data will be synthesized through meta-analysis using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review is expected to compile and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of telemonitoring in patients with heart failure, identifying its impact on treatment adherence, mortality, and hospital readmission. It is also expected to identify which telemonitoring modalities and intervention components are associated with better clinical outcomes, as well as to highlight existing gaps in the scientific literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this review may provide robust evidence to support evidence-based clinical practice, inform decision-making in digital health, and guide the development and implementation of technologies aimed at cardiovascular care. Furthermore, this study is expected to contribute to the optimization of heart failure management and to the strengthening of more efficient and patient-centered models of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The national and subnational trend of ischemic heart disease in Iran from 1990-2021, with projections for 2040: a modelling study.","authors":"Mohammad Rahmanian, Meysam Olfatifar","doi":"10.62347/WIES7151","DOIUrl":"10.62347/WIES7151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death in Iran, and monitoring its trends is essential for disease management and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the prevalence of IHD in Iran at national and subnational levels and projects future trends to 2040. We retrieved sex-specific IHD data for Iran and its provinces from 1990 to 2021 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 and applied the illness-death model (IDM) to estimate age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) by 2040.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Iran, the ASPR of IHD decreased until 2009 but began to rise again by 2021. By 2040, prevalence is projected to increase by 16% to 7,336.1 per 100,000 (95% CI: 7,163.9-7,512.4). In 2021, the highest provincial ASPRs were observed in Khuzestan, Yazd, and Alborz; by 2040, Yazd, Khuzestan, and North Khorasan are expected to have the highest rates. Conversely, Hamadan, Sistan and Baluchistan, and West Azarbayejan had the lowest ASPRs in both 2021 and 2040. A similar pattern was observed in both males and females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate an upward trend in IHD nationwide and across all provinces by 2040. To lessen the future impact of IHD in Iran, it is crucial to tackle modifiable risk factors, strengthen the healthcare system, and improve prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"261-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarettes and cardiovascular health: a review of components, mechanisms, and clinical risk.","authors":"Farshi Farook, Urvah Tauseef, Karla A de la Rosa, Param Kadam, Shivaram P Arunachalam, Aashna Gandhi, Amulya Kola, Rahil Jignesh Patel, Aravind Sai Reddy","doi":"10.62347/KREV7646","DOIUrl":"10.62347/KREV7646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become one of the most urgent public health issues of the twenty-first century. Originally marketed as less harmful than burning cigarettes, e-cigarettes have gained enormous popularity, especially among young adults, thus leading to nicotine addiction and new trends of cardiovascular damage. Even though e-cigarettes limit exposure to products of combustion, they supply similar doses of nicotine and other elements such as aldehydes, metals, and flavoring by-products, whose cardiovascular effects are incompletely characterized. This narrative review addresses a comprehensive analysis of the cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes, particularly the contribution to the development of arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. Evidence was synthesized from in vitro, animal models, and clinical research that covers e-cigarette constituents, delivery mechanisms of toxins, and both acute and chronic cardiovascular effects. E-liquid constituents can result in an autonomic imbalance, increasing heart rate and pressure, conductivity, and the predisposition of arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies. Recent research has shown oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic imbalance instigated by nicotine and non-nicotinic additives, which destabilize cardiac electrophysiology. However, most human data remain short-term, with limited sample sizes and heterogeneous exposure assessment, underscoring the lack of longitudinal evidence on long-term outcomes such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. The clinical and public health implications are significant, and it is imperative to shift the focus to vaping as a separate cardiovascular risk factor, particularly among young adults. To reduce the increasing burden of e-cigarette-related cardiovascular disease, preventive actions and enhanced monitoring must be prioritized. They become cardiovascular toxic through nicotine and other chemical exposures, and there is growing evidence of arrhythmogenic and cardiomyopathic effects. Strong prospective studies are urgently needed to define dose-response relationships, long-term outcomes, and cessation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"216-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump use and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for mitral regurgitation.","authors":"Abdul Rasheed Bahar, Yasemin Bahar, Mohamed Elhussain, Mohamad Hasan Jawadi, Faisal Hasan, Nassir Azimi","doi":"10.62347/FQVN8172","DOIUrl":"10.62347/FQVN8172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mitral regurgitation (MR) requiring surgical correction poses significant perioperative challenges, particularly in hemodynamically compromised patients. Evidence supporting preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use in this setting remains scarce. This study evaluated the association between preoperative IABP use and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgical MR correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2016 through 2020. Adult patients undergoing surgical mitral valve repair or replacement were identified using validated ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS codes. Patients who received preoperative IABP were compared with those who did not through 1:1 propensity score matching, accounting for baseline clinical characteristics and illness severity. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, 30-day readmissions, and length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 33,644 hospitalizations for surgical MR correction, 1,691 (5.0%) involved preoperative IABP use. Following propensity score matching, 964 pairs were analyzed. Preoperative IABP use was associated with significantly lower rates of MACCE (16.8% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.045), in-hospital mortality (4.7% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.028), ischemic stroke (1.5% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.040), and prolonged mechanical ventilation (7.9% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.014). Thirty-day readmission rates and length of stay were also lower among IABP recipients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative IABP use was associated with modestly improved in-hospital outcomes and lower short-term readmissions, with the most pronounced benefits among high-acuity patients. These hypothesis-generating findings support a selective, severity-guided role for preoperative IABP, warranting prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of machine learning and deep learning models for heart disease prediction in a small clinical dataset.","authors":"Erfan Barootchi, Pardis Zamani, Roshan Birgani, Aida Bakhshi, Pariya Zibaei, Armin Tafazolimoghadam, Yasamin Moeinipour, MohammadMahdi Doosti, Niloofar Deravi, Yaser Khakpour, Zahra Farrokhi, Mobina Fathi, Danyal Yarahmadi","doi":"10.62347/ICWV2651","DOIUrl":"10.62347/ICWV2651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models are increasingly applied to cardiovascular risk prediction, yet their comparative performance in small tabular clinical datasets remains uncertain. This study compared conventional machine learning models and a deep neural network for predicting angiographically defined heart disease using the original UCI Heart Disease dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The dataset was loaded directly from the UCI Machine Learning Repository and included 303 patient records. The original multiclass angiographic disease variable was converted into a binary outcome indicating absence or presence of heart disease. Continuous predictors included age, resting blood pressure, serum cholesterol, maximum heart rate, and exercise-induced ST depression. Categorical predictors were defined according to UCI attribute documentation and one-hot encoded. The dataset was divided using a stratified 70/15/15 train-validation-test split. Logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, and deep neural network models were trained. Machine learning hyperparameters were selected using 5-fold stratified cross-validation with AUC optimization. Classification thresholds were selected on the validation set by maximizing F1-score and then applied unchanged to the independent test set. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals. Pairwise comparisons used McNemar's test and paired bootstrap AUC testing with Holm correction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The deep neural network achieved the highest test-set accuracy, precision, and F1-score, each reaching 91.30%, 90.48%, and 90.48%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.958. Logistic regression showed the highest recall, 95.24%, and AUC, 0.968. XGBoost achieved 71.74% accuracy and 0.825 AUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning and regularized logistic regression showed the strongest performance, while XGBoost did not demonstrate superiority in this small clinical dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 4","pages":"289-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac amyloidosis risk across ethnoracial and clinical subgroups: a five-year national study.","authors":"Hadi Itani, Elie Bou Sanayeh, Mohammad Ennab, Mohamad B Moumneh, Chloe Lahoud, Bahy Abofrekha, Kai Wang, Martin Amor","doi":"10.62347/FNMN7946","DOIUrl":"10.62347/FNMN7946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac amyloidosis is underdiagnosed. Amyloid deposits cause progressive diastolic dysfunction of a nondilated ventricle. Among the main subtypes, transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) affects 1 in 2,000 people, while light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is increasing in prevalence. Early identification of risk factors and prompt intervention may prevent severe complications. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for developing cardiac amyloidosis and its associated morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2020) to examine patients hospitalized with cardiac amyloidosis identified by ICD-10 codes. Over 50 risk factors, including hematologic, rheumatologic, and renal conditions, were evaluated as possible contributors. Predictors of cardiac amyloidosis and mortality were analyzed by demographic group. Inclusion required a primary or secondary diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities, assessed associations. The primary outcome was cardiac amyloidosis; the secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 23,119 patients with cardiac amyloidosis. The mean age was 72.23 years, and 58% were male. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (OR 215.89, 95% CI: 176.17-264.56) and familial Mediterranean fever (OR 111.99, 95% CI: 72.39-173.24) showed the strongest associations, both statistically significant (P<0.001). Additional risk factors included hematologic conditions, such as multiple myeloma (OR 15.31), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (OR 6.99), and MGUS (OR 4.45), all P<0.001. Renal conditions such as chronic kidney disease (OR 1.83), end-stage renal disease (OR 2.76), and renal transplant (OR 2.4), and rheumatologic conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome (OR 2.04) and sarcoidosis (OR 1.69) were also significant (all P<0.001). By demographics, Black race (OR 2.52, P<0.001), Asian race (OR 1.11, P = 0.034), and older age (OR 1.05, P<0.001) were associated with increased risk. Notably, asthma, diabetes, and obesity were not linked to cardiac amyloidosis. In-hospital mortality increased with ESRD (OR 2.4), multiple myeloma (OR 1.41), and older age (OR 1.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis, familial Mediterranean fever, and Black race were the strongest risk factors, while end-stage renal disease and multiple myeloma correlated with higher in-hospital mortality. ICD-10-based diagnoses may limit accuracy. This stresses the need for improved risk stratification and targeted screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 3","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardioprotective effect of acupuncture in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy by alleviating cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis.","authors":"Hao Hong, Lu You, Xin Cao, Jing-Han Yuan, Hao Li, Bing-Mei Zhu","doi":"10.62347/GLQJ4263","DOIUrl":"10.62347/GLQJ4263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of acupuncture on glucose control, lipid metabolism, myocardial fibrosis, and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in mice with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After modelling, mice were divided into three groups: the control, model (DCM), and PC6+ST36 group. Acupuncture was applied at PC6 and ST36 acupoints for 15 min every other day, three times a week for 8 weeks during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiogram. Serum glucose, lipid metabolism and ANP were assessed via ELISA. The myocardium was assessed by histology, immunoblotting, RNA-seq and CUT&Tag on the day after all the treatments were finished.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acupuncture at Neiguan and Zusanli reduced abnormal glucose (mean difference of fed glucose decrease from 19.63 mmol/L to 12.62 mmol/L, <i>P</i>=0.008) and improved lipid metabolism (mean difference of TC decrease from 23.70 mmol/L to 17.81 mmol/L, <i>P</i> value is 0.038, TG from 27.14 mmol/L to 18.70 mmol/L, <i>P</i> value is 0.006, LDL from 19.36 mmol/L to 14.35 mmol/L, <i>P</i> value is 0.015, FFA from 578.96 mmol/L to 328.98 mmol/L, <i>P</i> value is 0.0001) in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Both impaired systolic function (mean difference of EF increase from 52.84% to 71.10%, <i>P</i> value is 0.004, FS increase from 26.39% to 39.38%, <i>P</i> value is 0.008) and damaged diastolic function (mean difference of IVRT decrease from 26.50 ms to 16.33 ms, <i>P</i> value is 0.025, E/A ratio increase from 0.91 to 1.22, <i>P</i> value is 0.07) were observed in the DCM group, whereas acupuncture enhanced cardiac function in mice with DCM. Cardiac fibrosis was alleviated in the PC6+ST36 group, accompanied by reduced expression of fibrosis-related genes (<i>Col1a1</i> family). Moreover, acupuncture inhibited cardiac apoptosis in mice with DCM to some extent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acupuncture at Neiguan and Zusanli can improve heart function and myocardial hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in mice with DCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7427,"journal":{"name":"American journal of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16 3","pages":"125-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}