Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2018-07-19eCollection Date: 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2018.1469944
Maria Del Mar De Miguel-Bonet, Sally Ahad, Volker Hartenstein
{"title":"Role of neoblasts in the patterned postembryonic growth of the platyhelminth <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>.","authors":"Maria Del Mar De Miguel-Bonet, Sally Ahad, Volker Hartenstein","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2018.1469944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2018.1469944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neoblasts are motile pluripotent stem cells unique to the flatworm phyla Platyhelminthes and Acoela. The role of neoblasts in tissue regeneration has received much attention in recent studies. Here we review data pertinent to the structure and embryonic origin of these stem cells, and their participation in normal cell turnover. Next, we present data proving that neoblasts also account for the addition of cells during postembryonic growth. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pulse chase experiments demonstrate that the incorporation of neoblast-derived cells into the different tissues of the juvenile worm follows a stereotyped pattern, whereby cells within the parenchymal layer (muscle, gland) incorporate new cells most rapidly, followed by the epidermal domain surrounding the mouth, dorsal epidermis, and, lastly, the nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"5 1","pages":"e14699441-e14699449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2018.1469944","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36374512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-06-01eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1317692
Luis E B Bettio, Joana Gil-Mohapel, Anna R Patten, Natasha F O'Rourke, Ronan P Hanley, Karthik Gopalakrishnan, Jeremy E Wulff, Brian R Christie
{"title":"Effects of Isx-9 and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Experimental considerations and future perspectives.","authors":"Luis E B Bettio, Joana Gil-Mohapel, Anna R Patten, Natasha F O'Rourke, Ronan P Hanley, Karthik Gopalakrishnan, Jeremy E Wulff, Brian R Christie","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1317692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1317692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of synthetic small molecules capable of promoting neuronal fate in stem cells is a promising strategy to prevent the decline of hippocampal function caused by several neurological disorders. Within this context, isoxazole 9 (Isx-9) has been shown to strongly induce cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), while also improving hippocampal function in healthy mice. We have recently demonstrated that Isx-9 is able to restore normal neurogenesis levels after procedural stress. Here, we further discuss these findings highlighting the importance of including a naïve group in studies investigating the effects of either restraint stress or mild chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1317692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1317692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35124505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-05-23eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1313646
Min Liu, Ping Xu, Timothy O'Brien, Sanbing Shen
{"title":"Multiple roles of Ulk4 in neurogenesis and brain function.","authors":"Min Liu, Ping Xu, Timothy O'Brien, Sanbing Shen","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1313646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1313646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurogenesis is essential for proper brain formation and function, and abnormal neural proliferation is an underlying neuropathology of many brain disorders. Recent advances on adult neurogenesis demonstrate that neural stem cells (NSCs) at the subventricular zone (SVZ) are largely derived during mid-embryonic neurogenesis from a subset of cells, which slow down in their pace of cell division,<sup>1</sup> become quiescent cells and can be reactivated in need.<sup>2</sup> The NSCs at birth constitute the stem cell pool for both postnatal oligodendrogenesis<sup>3</sup> and adult neurogenesis.<sup>1,2</sup> However, little is known about factors that control the size of NSC pool. The article published in Stem Cells on Jun 14, 2016 by Liu and colleagues described a member of the Unc-51-like serine/threonine kinase family, Ulk4, which plays a critical role in regulating the NSC pool size.<sup>4</sup> Authors presented evidence of cell cycle-dependent Ulk4 expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and reduced NSC pool in targetedly disrupted <i>Ulk4</i> newborn mice, with disturbed pathways of cell cycle regulation and WNT signaling (Fig. 1), suggesting that ULK4 may be associated with neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric as well as neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1313646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1313646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35073702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-05-16eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1304847
Dinko Mitrečić, Ivan Alić, Dunja Gorup
{"title":"Stem cells and stroke-how glowing neurons illuminate new paths.","authors":"Dinko Mitrečić, Ivan Alić, Dunja Gorup","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1304847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1304847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A reliable method of cell tracing is essential in evaluating potential therapeutic procedures based on stem cell transplantation. Here we present data collected using neural stem cells isolated from a transgenic mouse line Thy1-YFP. When transplanted into a stroke affected brain these cells give rise to neurons that express a fluorescent signal which can be used for their detection and tracing. Observed processes were compared with those taking place during normal embryonic neurogenesis as well as during <i>in vitro</i> differentiation. Since the same neurogenic patterns were observed, we confirm that neural stem cell transplantation fits well into the paradigm of neuronal birth and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1304847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1304847","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35052982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-05-12eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1313647
Beate Roese-Koerner, Laura Stappert, Oliver Brüstle
{"title":"Notch/Hes signaling and miR-9 engage in complex feedback interactions controlling neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.","authors":"Beate Roese-Koerner, Laura Stappert, Oliver Brüstle","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1313647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1313647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canonical Notch signaling has diverse functions during nervous system development and is critical for neural progenitor self-renewal, timing of differentiation and specification of various cell fates. A key feature of Notch-mediated self-renewal is its fluctuating activity within the neural progenitor cell population and the oscillatory expression pattern of the Notch effector Hes1 and its target genes. A negative feedback loop between Hes1 and neurogenic microRNA miR-9 was found to be part of this oscillatory clock. In a recent study we discovered that miR-9 expression is further modulated by direct binding of the Notch intracellular domain/RBPj transcriptional complex to the miR-9_2 promoter. In turn, miR-9 not only targets Hes1 but also Notch2 to attenuate Notch signaling and promote neuronal differentiation. Here, we discuss how the two interwoven feedback loops may provide an additional fail-save mechanism to control proliferation and differentiation within the neural progenitor cell population. Furthermore, we explore potential implications of miR-9-mediated regulation of Notch/Hes1 signaling with regard to neural progenitor homeostasis, patterning, timing of differentiation and tumor formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1313647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1313647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35052984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-05-09eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002
Oliver Wirths
{"title":"Altered neurogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer disease.","authors":"Oliver Wirths","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as a variety of other protein fragments, are derived from proteolytical cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and have been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathological changes underlying Alzheimer disease (AD). In AD mouse models, altered neurogenesis has been repeatedly reported to be associated with further AD-typical pathological hallmarks such as extracellular plaque deposition, behavioral deficits or neuroinflammation. While a toxic role of Aβ in neurodegeneration and impaired neuronal progenitor proliferation is likely and well-accepted, recent findings also suggest an important influence of APP-derived proteolitical fragments like the APP intracellular domain (AICD), as well as of APP itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1327002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1327002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35935461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-05-02eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1316888
Steven J Deimling, Jonathan B Olsen, Vincent Tropepe
{"title":"The expanding role of the Ehmt2/G9a complex in neurodevelopment.","authors":"Steven J Deimling, Jonathan B Olsen, Vincent Tropepe","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1316888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1316888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in neurodevelopment. One such epigenetic complex, Ehmt1/2 (G9a/GLP), is essential for repressing gene transcription by methylating H3K9 in a highly tissue- and temporal-specific manner. Recently, data has emerged suggesting that this complex plays additional roles in regulating the activity of numerous other non-histone proteins. While much is known about the downstream effects of Ehmt1/2 function, evidence is only beginning to come to light suggesting the control of Ehmt1/2 function may be, at least in part, due to context-dependent binding partners. Here we review emerging roles for the Ehmt1/2 complex suggesting that it may play a much larger role than previously recognized, and discuss binding partners that we and others have recently characterized which act to coordinate its activity during early neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1316888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1316888","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35073703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of aging on Amyloid-β42-induced neurodegeneration and regeneration in adult zebrafish brain.","authors":"Prabesh Bhattarai, Alvin Kuriakose Thomas, Yixin Zhang, Caghan Kizil","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1322666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1322666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is associated with aggregation of Amyloid-β42 peptides. In mammals, Amyloid-β42 causes impaired neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and neurogenesis, which exacerbate with aging. The molecular programs necessary to enhance NSPC proliferation and neurogenesis in our brains to mount successful regeneration are largely unknown. Therefore, to identify the molecular basis of effective brain regeneration, we previously established an Amyloid-β42 model in adult zebrafish that displayed Alzheimer-like phenotypes reminiscent of humans. Interestingly, zebrafish exhibited enhanced NSPC proliferation and neurogenesis after microinjection of Amyloid-β42 peptide. Here, we compare old and young fish to address the effects of aging on regenerative ability after Amyloid-β42 deposition. We found that aging does not affect the rate of NSPC proliferation but reduces the neurogenic response and microglia/macrophage activation after microinjection of Amyloid-β42 in zebrafish, suggesting an important link between aging, neuroinflammation, regenerative neurogenesis and neural stem cell plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1322666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1322666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35124506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-04-28eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1300037
Wenjun Xu, Nishanth Lakshman, Cindi M Morshead
{"title":"Building a central nervous system: The neural stem cell lineage revealed.","authors":"Wenjun Xu, Nishanth Lakshman, Cindi M Morshead","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1300037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1300037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a multipotent, self-renewing source of undifferentiated cells in the periventricular region of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Since their original discovery 25 years ago, much has been learned about their development, persistence, localization, properties and potential. Herein we discuss the current state of knowledge pertaining to neural stem cells with a focus on the lineage relationship between two NSC populations along the neuraxis and their regionally distinct niches in the CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1300037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1300037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35005814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)Pub Date : 2017-04-27eCollection Date: 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1304790
Sara Salinas, Felix Junyent, Nathalie Coré, Harold Cremer, Eric J Kremer
{"title":"What is CAR doing in the middle of the adult neurogenic road?","authors":"Sara Salinas, Felix Junyent, Nathalie Coré, Harold Cremer, Eric J Kremer","doi":"10.1080/23262133.2017.1304790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23262133.2017.1304790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The molecular and cellular basis of adult neurogenesis has attracted considerable attention for fundamental and clinical applications because neural stem cells and newborn neurons may, one day, be harnessed to replace neurons and allow cognitive improvement in the diseased brain. In rodents, neural progenitors are located in the dentate gyrus and the sub/periventricular zone. In the dentate gyrus the generation of newborn neurons is associated with plasticity, including regulation of memory. The role of subventricular zone neural precursors that migrate to the olfactory bulb is less characterized. Identifying factors that impact neural stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation is therefore <i>sine qua non</i> before we can harness their potential. Here, we expand upon our recent results showing that CAR, the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, is among the developing list of key players when it comes to the complex process of integrating newborn neurons into existing circuits in the mature brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":74274,"journal":{"name":"Neurogenesis (Austin, Tex.)","volume":"4 1","pages":"e1304790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23262133.2017.1304790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35005816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}