Nature synthesis最新文献

{"title":"Author Correction: Diffusion-mediated synthesis of high-quality organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals","authors":"Xiang Sun, Lin Yuan, Yang Liu, Guozheng Shi, Yumin Wang, Chunmeng Liu, Xuliang Zhang, Yaxin Zhao, Chenyu Zhao, Mengmeng Ma, Boyuan Shen, Yaxing Wang, Qing Shen, Zeke Liu, Wanli Ma","doi":"10.1038/s44160-025-00739-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-025-00739-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 2","pages":"271-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44160-025-00739-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocontrolled radical polymerization for the synthesis of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymers","authors":"Shilong Zhu, Weina Kong, Shuangqi Lian, Ao Shen, Steven P. Armes, Zesheng An","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00710-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00710-6","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional thermally initiated radical polymerization, photocontrolled radical polymerization offers mild, environmentally friendly reaction conditions, fast polymerization rates, high end-group fidelity and spatiotemporal control. Access to ultrahigh-molecular-weight (UHMW) polymers with precisely defined molecular weights, structures and topologies requires a high degree of living character with minimal side reactions and has been a longstanding challenge in polymer synthesis. The recent development of photocontrolled radical polymerization has enabled facile synthesis of UHMW polymers. Here we discuss methods for producing various UHMW polymers via photocontrolled radical polymerization, including photoiniferter reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, photoinduced electron/energy transfer–RAFT polymerization, photoenzymatic RAFT polymerization, photocontrolled atom transfer radical polymerization and photocontrolled organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization, followed by an overview of the applications of UHMW polymers as high-performance materials. Finally, we provide our future perspective for developments in this emerging field. Well-defined vinyl polymers with ultrahigh molecular weights are promising for use as high-performance materials and are now made increasingly accessible by photocontrolled radical polymerizations. This Review discusses the methods developed for the synthesis of such polymers and their potential applications.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 1","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting cells for catalysis","authors":"Thomas West","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00732-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00732-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meso-microporous zeolites","authors":"Alexandra R. Groves","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00729-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00729-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 1","pages":"4-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional phase transition for the controlled growth of α-FAPbI3 perovskite films","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00699-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00699-y","url":null,"abstract":"Control of the lattice alignment within perovskite films is crucial to achieving stable and efficient devices. Now, the sublimation of volatile species from a two-dimensional perovskite enables the controlled growth of three-dimensional α-formamidinium lead iodide films. The highly orientated perovskite films yield a solar cell with good operational stability and device efficiency.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"286-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable synthesis of Cu-cluster catalysts via spark ablation for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to acetaldehyde","authors":"Cedric David Koolen, Jack Kirk Pedersen, Bernardus Zijlstra, Maximilian Winzely, Jie Zhang, Tobias V. Pfeiffer, Wilbert Vrijburg, Mo Li, Ayush Agarwal, Zohreh Akbari, Yasemen Kuddusi, Juan Herranz, Olga V. Safonova, Andreas Schmidt-Ott, Wen Luo, Andreas Zuettel","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00705-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00705-3","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into acetaldehyde offers a sustainable and green alternative to the Wacker process. However, current electrocatalysts cannot effectively compete with heterogeneous processes owing to their limited selectivity towards acetaldehyde, resulting in low energy efficiencies. Here we report a theory-guided synthesis of a series of Cu-cluster catalysts (~1.6 nm) immobilized on various heteroatom-doped carbonaceous supports, produced via spark ablation of Cu electrodes (2.6 μg h−1 production rate, 6 Wh energy consumption). These catalysts achieve acetaldehyde selectivity of up to 92% at only 600 mV from the equilibrium potential. In addition, the catalysts exhibit exceptional catalytic stability during a rigorous 30 h stress test involving three repeated start–stop cycles. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the initial oxide clusters were completely reduced under cathodic potential and maintained their metallic nature even after exposure to air, explaining the stable performance of the catalyst. First-principles simulations further elucidate a possible mechanism of CO2 conversion to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is a petrochemically sourced base chemical used in the production of drugs, fragrances and dyes. Now acetaldehyde can be produced selectively using a Cu-cluster electrocatalyst, electricity, CO2 and water. Guided by a high-throughput in silico screening process, spark ablation enables the production of a high-performing Cu-cluster electrocatalyst with a precise number of atoms.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the hardness of diamond through twin refinement and interlocked twins","authors":"Pan Ying, Baozhong Li, Mengdong Ma, Yufei Gao, Rongxin Sun, Zihe Li, Shuai Chen, Bin Zhang, Hefei Li, Bing Liu, Lei Sun, Song Zhao, Ke Tong, Wentao Hu, Yilong Pan, Guodong Tang, Dongli Yu, Zhisheng Zhao, Bo Xu, Yongjun Tian","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00707-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00707-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructuring strategies are widely recognized for their ability to substantially enhance the mechanical properties of materials. Among them, nanotwinning stands out for its effectiveness in enhancing the mechanical attributes of diamond by impeding dislocation movement at twin boundaries. However, the precise mechanisms that control nanotwinning and the distinct strengthening effects of various twin configurations remain inadequately understood. Here bulk diamonds were synthesized from onion-like carbon nanoparticles of different sizes, graphite nanopowder and diamond nanopowder under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Smaller onion-like carbon particles facilitated the formation of finer diamond grains with thinner twins, leading to a substantial increase in hardness. This approach yielded a hardness of 276 GPa for diamond with an average twin thickness of 2.3 nm. By contrast, diamonds sintered from diamond nanopowder or synthesized from graphite nanopowder exhibited minimal nanotwinning and consequently lower hardness values. Microstructure analyses revealed two predominant twin configurations: interlocked and penetrating twins. The updated diamond model that incorporates both twin configurations revealed a strong correlation between the predicted and experimental hardness values, especially when the model microstructure closely matched that of synthesized diamonds. This research explains the mechanisms of twin-induced hardness enhancement in diamond and suggests strategies for tailoring the microstructure of diamond to achieve precisely controlled properties. Nanotwinning strategies are widely recognized for their ability to substantially enhance the mechanical properties of materials. Here diamond with both penetrating and interlocked twins was synthesized, yielding a hardness of 276 GPa, which can be explained by diamond models that feature diverse twin configurations and dimensions.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput method to identify and produce atomic cluster catalysts","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00706-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00706-2","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical acetaldehyde production from CO2 could provide a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-based methods but catalyst development is typically slow. Now, a high-throughput method accelerates the catalyst selection and production process from years to a few months, resulting in the identification of a copper cluster catalyst with 92% selectivity for acetaldehyde from CO2.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"284-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of amorphous metal oxides via a crystalline to amorphous phase transition strategy","authors":"Bei Wu, Xiaocheng Liu, Peigen Liu, Geng Wu, Lin Tian, Xiao Han, Junmin Li, Xun Hong","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00704-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00704-4","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous metal oxide (AMO) nanomaterials are attractive because of their unique short-range order structure, but controllable synthesis is still challenging. Here we report a Li+-assisted liquid-phase reduction method, which converts a series of crystalline metal oxides into amorphous structures (RuOx, PtOx, CuOx, NiOx, PdOx, MnOx and NiCoOx). Taking RuO2 as an example, in situ Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that the reduction of Ru–O coordination number and distortion of the medium-range structure of Ru–Ru during the amorphization process are caused by naphthalene radical anions and lithium ions. Theoretical calculations indicate that Li⁺ insertion in RuOx strengthens its electrostatic interaction with the naphthalene radical anion, accelerating the stripping of oxygen from Li⁺-inserted RuOx. The introduction of positive charge by Li⁺ insertion can disrupt the internal charge balance of crystal ruthenium oxide, and therefore reduce the formation energy of intermediates for producing amorphous RuOx. This strategy paves a way for achieving the controllable synthesis of AMOs. A Li⁺-assisted liquid-phase reduction method is reported, which converts crystalline metal oxides into amorphous metal oxides. The electrostatic interaction between the naphthalene radical anions and Li⁺-inserted metal oxides is found to promote the amorphization process.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"370-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Wulff-shaped heteroepitaxy of phase-pure 2D perovskite heterostructures with deterministic slab thickness","authors":"Ming Xia, Tianyu Wang, Yuan Lu, Yahui Li, Baini Li, Hongzhi Shen, Yunfan Guo, Yi Yu, Jichen Dong, Letian Dou, Yunqi Liu, Enzheng Shi","doi":"10.1038/s44160-024-00692-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44160-024-00692-5","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetic Wulff shape, determined by the crystal structure and growth rates of different crystal facets, is ubiquitous in classical crystal growth. However, its utilization for heterostructure integration remains largely unexplored. Here we report the discovery of kinetic Wulff-shaped heteroepitaxial growth in halide perovskites, which enables the realization of well-defined phase-pure 2D halide perovskite epitaxial heterostructures with deterministic slab thickness (n = 1–3). This approach allows modulation of the interfacial lattice mismatch from 0% to >11%. Two-domain and complex heterostructures synthesized using this approach have well-defined chemical compositions and electronic structures that may enable the development of ultranarrow domains (less than the de Broglie wavelength of carriers) for solution-processed lateral quantum wells and superlattices. Finally, devices based on these heterostructures demonstrate substantial rectification ratios and reliable switching behaviours under optical or electrical inputs. This study presents the universality of kinetic Wulff-shaped epitaxy in achieving 2D halide perovskite epitaxial heterostructures with high phase purity. Kinetic Wulff-shaped heteroepitaxial growth in halide perovskites enables the realization of well-defined 2D halide perovskite epitaxial heterostructures with deterministic slab thickness (n = 1–3) and high phase purity. Optoelectronic devices based on these heterostructures demonstrate substantial rectification ratios and reliable switching behaviours under optical or electrical inputs.","PeriodicalId":74251,"journal":{"name":"Nature synthesis","volume":"4 3","pages":"380-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}