Nature computational science最新文献_第3页

Gender and racial diversity socialization in science. 科学中的性别和种族多样性社会化。

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Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00795-9

Weihua Li, Hongwei Zheng, Jennie E Brand, Aaron Clauset

{"title":"Gender and racial diversity socialization in science.","authors":"Weihua Li, Hongwei Zheng, Jennie E Brand, Aaron Clauset","doi":"10.1038/s43588-025-00795-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43588-025-00795-9","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific collaboration networks are a form of unequally distributed social capital that shapes both researcher job placement and long-term research productivity and prominence. However, the role of collaboration networks in shaping the gender and racial diversity of the scientific workforce remains unclear. Here we propose a computational null model to investigate the degree to which early-career scientific collaborators with representationally diverse cohorts of scholars are associated with forming or participating in more diverse research groups as established researchers. When testing this hypothesis using two large-scale, longitudinal datasets on scientific collaborations, we find that the gender and racial diversity in a researcher's early-career collaboration environment is strongly associated with the diversity of their collaborators in their established period. This diversity-association effect is particularly prominent for men. Coupled with gender and racial homophily between advisors and advisees, collaborator diversity represents a generational effect that partly explains why changes in representation within the scientific workforce tend to happen very slowly.","PeriodicalId":74246,"journal":{"name":"Nature computational science","volume":" ","pages":"481-491"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational challenges arising in algorithmic fairness and health equity with generative AI. 生成式人工智能在算法公平和健康公平方面产生的计算挑战。

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Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00806-9

Vinith M Suriyakumar, Anna Zink, Maia Hightower, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Brett Beaulieu-Jones

引用次数: 0

Everything everywhere all at once: a probability-based enhanced sampling approach to rare events. 所有地方的一切都同时发生：一种基于概率的增强采样方法来处理罕见事件。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00799-5

Enrico Trizio, Peilin Kang, Michele Parrinello

引用次数: 0

Algorithms for reliable decision-making need causal reasoning. 可靠决策的算法需要因果推理。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00814-9

Christoph Kern, Unai Fischer-Abaigar, Jonas Schweisthal, Dennis Frauen, Rayid Ghani, Stefan Feuerriegel, Mihaela van der Schaar, Frauke Kreuter

引用次数: 0

Leveraging generative models with periodicity-aware, invertible and invariant representations for crystalline materials design. 利用具有周期性感知、可逆和不变表征的生成模型进行晶体材料设计。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00797-7

Zhilong Wang, Fengqi You

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking the performance of quantum computing software for quantum circuit creation, manipulation and compilation. 对量子电路创建、操作和编译的量子计算软件的性能进行基准测试。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00792-y

Paul D Nation, Abdullah Ash Saki, Sebastian Brandhofer, Luciano Bello, Shelly Garion, Matthew Treinish, Ali Javadi-Abhari

{"title":"Benchmarking the performance of quantum computing software for quantum circuit creation, manipulation and compilation.","authors":"Paul D Nation, Abdullah Ash Saki, Sebastian Brandhofer, Luciano Bello, Shelly Garion, Matthew Treinish, Ali Javadi-Abhari","doi":"10.1038/s43588-025-00792-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43588-025-00792-y","url":null,"abstract":"We present Benchpress, a benchmarking suite for evaluating the performance and range of functionality of multiple quantum computing software development kits. This suite consists of a collection of over 1,000 tests measuring key performance metrics for a wide variety of operations on quantum circuits composed of up to 930 qubits and <math><mrow><mi>O</mi> <mrow><mo>(</mo> <mrow><mn>1</mn> <msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>)</mo></mrow> </mrow> </math> two-qubit gates, as well as an execution framework for running the tests over multiple quantum software packages in a unified manner. Here we give a detailed overview of the benchmark suite and its methodology and generate representative results over seven different quantum software packages. The flexibility of the Benchpress framework enables benchmarking that not only keeps pace with quantum hardware improvements but also can preemptively gauge the quantum circuit processing costs of future device architectures.","PeriodicalId":74246,"journal":{"name":"Nature computational science","volume":" ","pages":"427-435"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A computational approach to evaluate how molecular mechanisms impact large-scale brain activity. 一种评估分子机制如何影响大规模大脑活动的计算方法。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00796-8

Maria Sacha, Federico Tesler, Rodrigo Cofre, Alain Destexhe

{"title":"A computational approach to evaluate how molecular mechanisms impact large-scale brain activity.","authors":"Maria Sacha, Federico Tesler, Rodrigo Cofre, Alain Destexhe","doi":"10.1038/s43588-025-00796-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43588-025-00796-8","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on brain activity is a critical issue in contemporary neuroscience. Currently, no systematic approach exists for evaluating these effects in whole-brain models, which typically focus on macroscopic phenomena, while pharmaceutical interventions operate at the molecular scale. Here we address this issue by presenting a computational approach for brain simulations using biophysically grounded mean-field models that integrate membrane conductances and synaptic receptors, showcased in the example of anesthesia. We show that anesthetics targeting GABAA and NMDA receptors can switch brain activity to generalized slow-wave patterns, as observed experimentally in deep anesthesia. To validate our models, we demonstrate that these slow-wave states exhibit reduced responsiveness to external stimuli and functional connectivity constrained by anatomical connectivity, mirroring experimental findings in anesthetized states across species. Our approach, founded on mean-field models that incorporate molecular realism, provides a robust framework for understanding how molecular-level drug actions impact whole-brain dynamics.","PeriodicalId":74246,"journal":{"name":"Nature computational science","volume":"5 5","pages":"405-417"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probabilistic photonic computing for AI. 人工智能的概率光子计算。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00800-1

Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Anna P Ovvyan, Akhil Varri, Hendrik Borras, Bernhard Klein, Lennart Meyer, C David Wright, Harish Bhaskaran, Ghazi Sarwat Syed, Abu Sebastian, Holger Fröning, Wolfram Pernice

{"title":"Probabilistic photonic computing for AI.","authors":"Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Anna P Ovvyan, Akhil Varri, Hendrik Borras, Bernhard Klein, Lennart Meyer, C David Wright, Harish Bhaskaran, Ghazi Sarwat Syed, Abu Sebastian, Holger Fröning, Wolfram Pernice","doi":"10.1038/s43588-025-00800-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43588-025-00800-1","url":null,"abstract":"Probabilistic computing excels in approximating combinatorial problems and modeling uncertainty. However, using conventional deterministic hardware for probabilistic models is challenging: (pseudo) random number generation introduces computational overhead and additional data shuffling. Therefore, there is a pressing need for different probabilistic computing architectures that achieve low latencies with reasonable energy consumption. Physical computing offers a promising solution, as these systems do not rely on an abstract deterministic representation of data but directly encode the information in physical quantities, enabling inherent probabilistic architectures utilizing entropy sources. Photonic computing is a prominent variant of physical computing due to the large available bandwidth, several orthogonal degrees of freedom for data encoding and optimal properties for in-memory computing and parallel data transfer. Here, we highlight key developments in physical photonic computing and photonic random number generation. We further provide insights into the realization of probabilistic photonic processors and their impact on artificial intelligence systems and future challenges.","PeriodicalId":74246,"journal":{"name":"Nature computational science","volume":" ","pages":"377-387"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quest toward comprehensive benchmarking of quantum computing software. 对量子计算软件的全面基准测试的探索。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00803-y

Chenghong Zhu, Lei Zhang, Xin Wang

引用次数: 0

Making the most of presubmission enquiries. 充分利用提交前查询。

IF 12

Nature computational science Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-025-00817-6

引用次数: 0