Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis最新文献

{"title":"An enigmatic population of <i>Alsodes</i> (Anura, Alsodidae) from the Andes of central Chile with three species-level mitochondrial lineages.","authors":"Claudio Correa,&nbsp;Jesús Morales,&nbsp;Constantino Schussler,&nbsp;Juan C Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1704744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1704744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Alsodes</i> is the most diverse amphibian taxon of southern Andes, where a series of endemic species occur from north to south (∼33° to 48°30'S), mainly on the western slopes (Chile), with little overlap of geographic ranges. In this study, we describe a new population of <i>Alsodes</i> from the western slopes of the Andes (Fundo El Rosario, 36°52'S), located in a section of this mountain range where it is not clear which congeneric species inhabit. Phylogenetic analyses show that this population presents a mix of mitochondrial DNA related to three nominal species, <i>A. hugoi</i>, <i>A. igneus</i> and <i>A. pehuenche</i>, although the last is mainly present. However, the population presents external characteristics attributable to <i>A. hugoi</i> and <i>A. igneus</i>, differing notably from <i>A. pehuenche</i>. The population inhabits a stream surrounded by temperate deciduous forests at 1130 m elevation, an environment similar to that of <i>A. hugoi</i> and <i>A. igneus</i>, but very different from that of <i>A. pehuenche</i> (high Andean steppe environments between 2000 and 2500 m). This finding represents an enigma from the evolutionary and biogeographical point of view, because it might involve hybridization and/or introgression phenomena between more than two species. As the taxonomic status of this population cannot be determined with the available genetic and morphological evidence, we speculate about its probable origin, taking into account the scarce knowledge of the geographic distributions of the species of <i>Alsodes</i> in the area.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1704744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37514181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pristimantis</i> in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon: DNA barcoding reveals underestimated diversity in a megadiverse genus.","authors":"Elciomar Araújo De Oliveira,&nbsp;Marcos Penhacek,&nbsp;Karen Larissa Auzier Guimarães,&nbsp;Gessica Amorim do Nascimento,&nbsp;Luís Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues,&nbsp;Emil José Hernández-Ruz","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1634696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Pristimantis</i> has the highest species diversity among all terrestrial vertebrates, with most species observed in the Andean region and the Guiana Shield. Even with the recent description of a new species, only <i>P. latro</i>, <i>P. dundeei</i> and <i>P. zimmermanae</i> occur in the south of the Amazon River. The lack of taxonomists specialized in the field leads to the propagation of dubious terminologies (e.g. <i>Pristimantis</i> sp1, <i>Pristimantis</i> sp2, <i>P.</i> aff. <i>Fenestratus</i> and <i>P.</i> gr. c<i>onspicillatus</i>) or even misidentification of species, resulting in erroneous species distributions. In this study, we applied the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) algorithm for the delimitation of candidate species and values of genetic distances using the mitochondrial marker Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI), proposed in the barcode methodology, where values greater than 10% are considered as indicative of different species. We found large genetic distances between <i>P. latro</i> and <i>Pristimantis</i> sp1 Unconfirmed Candidate Species - UCS1 (21%), and between <i>P. altamazonicus</i> and <i>Pristimantis</i> sp2 UCS2 (14%). The ABGD method recognized UCS1 and UCS2 as distinct species. <i>Pristimantis</i> sp. UCS1 and UCS2 in the east of the Brazilian Amazon are indicated as candidate species. We suggest greater sampling of <i>Pristimantis</i> sp. UCS1 and UCS2, integrating morphology and bioacoustics to solve the taxonomic status in the east of the Brazilian Amazon.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 6","pages":"731-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37386837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey, populations, and the pleistocene: evidence for low COI variation in a widespread North American leech.","authors":"Joseph Mack,&nbsp;Danielle de Carle,&nbsp;Sebastian Kvist","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1634698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Placobdella rugosa</i> has long presented challenges to leech biologists. Its extreme morphological variability and similarity to some congeneric species has confounded classification for over a century. Recent molecular analyses revealed a surprising lack of genetic variation among morphologically disparate, geographically widespread specimens of <i>P. rugosa</i>. Given the lack of any obvious mechanism by which this species could disperse between distant habitats, it was expected that widespread populations would be genetically isolated from each other. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between geographic distance and genetic diversity in <i>P. rugosa</i> using COI sequences from specimens collected across Canada and the United States. Although we find preliminary evidence for a barrier to gene flow between eastern and western collecting localities, our vastly expanded dataset largely corroborates prior studies, showing minimal phylogeographic signal among the sequences and negligible levels of genetic isolation by distance. A recent range expansion following the last ice age and/or host-mediated dispersal are discussed as potential explanations for this unexpected phylogeographic pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 6","pages":"749-763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37391845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of leopard frogs (Anura: Ranidae: <i>Lithobates</i>) distributed in some localities of the Southern Mexican Plateau using mitochondrial DNA sequences.","authors":"Daniel Ochoa-Vázquez,&nbsp;Rogelio Rosas-Valdez,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Martínez-Salazar,&nbsp;Oscar Flores-Villela","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1634697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of the genus <i>Lithobates</i> are difficult to identify, especially on the <i>'Rana pipiens'</i> complex, because the morphological differences among the species are often subtle. In this study, we used 12S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequences to identify specimens of leopard frogs from some new localities (not sampled on previous studies) of the Southern Mexican Plateau, to carry out a phylogenetic analysis, and also a morphometric analysis of some morphological features were analyzed to evaluate their morphological variation. A phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of 12S rDNA mitochondrial gene for 31 samples was carried out using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony, and Maximum Likelihood. In addition, 20 morphological lineal measurements from 97 specimens were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate if the frogs studied are conspecific. Partial sequences of the 12S rDNA obtained from frogs distributed in the Southern Mexican Plateau show two haplotypes with a divergence of 0.4%. Phylogenetic hypothesis shows an exclusive group with a previous sequence of <i>Lithobates montezumae</i>. The PCA indicates that variables are not linearly correlated and specimens belong to a single group. Evidence found, let us consider that specimens studied belong to one species of the <i>Lithobates montezumae</i> subgroup, distributed principally in the Southern Mexican Plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 6","pages":"739-748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37115472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population differentiation and genetic diversity of endangered <i>Brachymystax tsinlingensis</i> Li between Yangtze River and Yellow River in China based on mtDNA.","authors":"Jian Shao,&nbsp;Dongmei Xiong,&nbsp;Zhipeng Chu,&nbsp;Jinming Wu,&nbsp;Hao Du,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;Sien Wen,&nbsp;Qiwei Wei","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1572130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1572130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Brachymystax tsinlingensis</i> Li, distributed scatteredly in Qinling Mountains of China, is an ideal material for studies of conservation and phylogeography. In the present study, the genetic variations and phylogeographical patterns of <i>B. tsinlingensis</i> collecting from the Yangtze River (<i>n</i> = 30) and the Yellow River (<i>n</i> = 70) were compared based on 1082-1163 bp control region with partial tRNA and 912 bp cyt <i>b</i> partial sequence of mtDNA. Analysis of variance indicated that a high proportion of the total genetic variance (96.03%) was distributed among populations, supporting strong geographic structuring of mtDNA polymorphism. Ten haplotypes were assigned to two clades that were related to geographic regions. No haplotype shared between geographic populations from the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and two clades related to geographic regions can be clearly found from phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian approach, one from individuals in the Yangtze River and the other from individuals in the Yellow River, which probably indicated artificial carrying not happened historically. The mitochondrial results revealed an obvious differentiation of genetic structure of <i>B. tsinlingensis</i> between populations of Yellow River and Yangtze River, and the estimated diverge time around 0.20 MY. It was suggested that each of the two evolutionarily distinct groups of <i>B. tsinlingensis</i> should be protected and crossing individuals between two river systems should be avoided for conservation purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 5","pages":"695-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1572130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37405666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA barcoding of the rodent genus <i>Oligoryzomys</i> (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae): mitogenomic-anchored database and identification of nuclear mitochondrial translocations (Numts).","authors":"Marcos O R da Cruz,&nbsp;Marcelo Weksler,&nbsp;Cibele R Bonvicino,&nbsp;Alexandra M R Bezerra,&nbsp;Francisco Prosdocimi,&nbsp;Carolina Furtado,&nbsp;Lena Geise,&nbsp;François Catzeflis,&nbsp;Benoit de Thoisy,&nbsp;Luiz F B de Oliveira,&nbsp;Claudia Silva,&nbsp;João Alves de Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1622692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA barcoding has become a standard method for species identification in taxonomically complex groups. An important step of the barcoding process is the construction of a library of voucher-based material that was properly identified by independent methods, free of inaccurate identification, and paralogs. We provide here a <i>cytochrome oxidase I</i> (<i>mt-Co1</i>) DNA barcode database for species of the genus <i>Oligoryzomys</i>, based on type material and karyotyped specimens, and anchored on the mitochondrial genome of one species of <i>Oligoryzomys</i>, <i>O. stramineus</i>. To evaluate the taxonomic determination of new COI sequences, we assessed species intra/interspecific genetic distances (barcode gap), performed the General Mixed Yule Coalescent method (GMYC) for lineages' delimitation, and identified diagnostic nucleotides for each species of <i>Oligoryzomys</i>. Phylogenetic analyses of <i>Oligoryzomys</i> were performed on 2 datasets including 14 of the 23 recognized species of this genus: a <i>mt-Co1</i> only matrix, and a concatenated matrix including <i>mt-Co1</i>, <i>cytochrome b</i> (<i>mt-Cytb</i>), and <i>intron 7 of the nuclear fibrinogen beta chain gene</i> (<i>i7Fgb</i>). We recovered nuclear-mitochondrial translocated (Numts) pseudogenes on our samples and identified several published sequences that are cases of Numts. We analyzed the rate of non-synonymous and synonymous substitution, which were higher in Numts in comparison to mtDNA sequences. GMYC delimitations and DNA barcode gap results highlight the need for further work that integrate molecular, karyotypic, and morphological analyses, as well as additional sampling, to tackle persistent problems in the taxonomy of <i>Oligoryzomys</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 5","pages":"702-712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622692","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37077069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic analysis reveals fraud in fillets from the \"Gurijuba\" <i>Sciades parkeri</i> (Ariidae - Siluriformes): a vulnerable fish in Brazilian Coastal Amazon.","authors":"Grazielle Gomes,&nbsp;Rafael Correa,&nbsp;Ivana Veneza,&nbsp;Raimundo da Silva,&nbsp;Danillo da Silva,&nbsp;Josy Miranda,&nbsp;Iracilda Sampaio","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1622694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilization of molecular tools for the certification of fishery products has been increasing over the last years. In general, economically important species are replaced by less valuable species, characterizing a commercial fraud. We evaluated the authenticity of 107 frozen fillets tagged as Gurijuba (<i>Sciades parkeri</i>) and Uritinga (<i>Sciades proops</i>) from local markets in northern amazon coast by sequencing two mitochondrial genes: Cytochrome oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b (Cyt b). About 16% of fillets putatively related to <i>S. parkeri</i> were replaced by <i>S. proops</i>. The Gurijuba faces high fishing pressure, being currently listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as vulnerable. Forensic analysis with DNA markers, proved to be highly efficient in the discrimination of the processed seafood products, providing unequivocal identification of species, revealing commercial fraud in the fillets of the Gurijuba, and revealing the utility of Cytb sequences as barcode in fishes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 5","pages":"721-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37319584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of <i>Andricus</i> species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) inducing various oak galls in Central Zagros of Iran.","authors":"Majid Tavakoli,&nbsp;Samad Khaghaninia,&nbsp;George Melika,&nbsp;Graham N Stone,&nbsp;Asadollah Hosseini-Chegeni","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1622693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study uses an integrated approach to address the taxonomic status of six different and problematic oak galls and their inducing wasps sampled from two sites in the Central Zagros Mountains (Lorestan province) in western Iran. Our aim was to establish whether morphologically similar but different galls are induced by the same or distinct gall-inducers. The gall wasp specimens were identified morphologically to species level, and their genomic DNA was extracted. We used PCR and Sanger sequencing to amplify three fragments comprising cytochrome oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>), cytochrome b (<i>cytB</i>), and a multi-gene fragment of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) including partial 5.8S, complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (<i>ITS2</i>), and partial 28S rRNA. We found that a pair of structurally similar but differently coloured galls are induced by the sexual generation of <i>Andricus grossulariae,</i> while another similar pair are induced by the asexual generation of <i>A. sternlichti.</i> In contrast, we found that two similar galls that differ in some structural details and in developmental phenology are induced by two closely related but different gall wasps; one is the sexual generation of <i>A. cecconii</i>, while the second is a new but closely related sexual generation <i>Andricus</i> sp.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 5","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1622693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37345621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular discrimination of <i>Ancistrus</i> lineages (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) using barcode DNA tool.","authors":"Rafael Splendore de Borba,&nbsp;Sandra Mariotto,&nbsp;Liano Centofante,&nbsp;Claudio Henrique Zawadzki,&nbsp;Patricia Pasquali Parise-Maltempi","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1597071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1597071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although several species of <i>Ancistrus</i> have been described from the Amazon and Paraguay river basins in the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso, Brazil, the taxonomic status of most specimens from these regions remains doubtful. In the present work, cytogenetic and molecular data were used to discriminate and isolate unexpected <i>Ancistrus</i> lineages from the Amazon and Paraguay basins. For that, it was used DNA barcoding based on mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene and cytogenic data to perform such molecular discrimination. The analyzed sequences had 669 bp, of which 171 bp were conserved and 491 bp were variable. The Neighbor-joining and Bayesian analysis revealed 21 distinct groups in topology. The genetic distances within each group was 0.4%, 21 times smaller than the mean distance observed among groups, which was 8.4%. These values showed seven distinct lineages of <i>Ancistrus</i> from the studied points of the Amazon basin and eight lineages from the Paraguay basin points. Our results illustrate the efficiency of this technique for the discrimination of the <i>Ancistrus</i> lineages once it indicates the occurrence of cryptic species in these regions, which cannot yet be identified either with just chromosomal or morphological analyzes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 4","pages":"602-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1597071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37151040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of goliath frogs (<i>Conraua goliath</i>) from Cameroon.","authors":"Daniel Nguete Nguiffo,&nbsp;Mbida Mpoame,&nbsp;Charles S Wondji","doi":"10.1080/24701394.2019.1615060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1615060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goliath frog (<i>Conraua goliath</i>) is an Endangered species exclusively found in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Climate change, deforestation and overhunting are principal causes driving this species to extinction. Therefore, a better understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of this species is necessary to improve conservation efforts. Here we used two mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S) extracted from 54 <i>C. goliath</i> individuals from six localities in Cameroon to examine their genetic diversity. The result shows a low DNA substitution between the sequences. There were four 16S and two COI haplotypes in total. Overall, genetic diversity was very low for all the genes with nucleotide diversity of 0.00106 and 0.00007 for 16S and COI respectively. The Tajima D and Fu Fs statistics were negative. The TCS haplotype network revealed a predominant and ancestral haplotype (H1) for these genes which is distributed in the 6 populations. Pairwise genetic differentiation (<i>F_ST</i>) generated between these populations using 16S revealed very high differentiation between populations from Nkam and Mungo Administrative Divisions in Cameroon. In contrast, we observed low differentiation among the geographically clustered Mungo and Nkam populations. Overall, human activities and perhaps climate change can appear to have depleted genetic diversity in the scattered populations that remain of this amphibian. To sustain the Goliath frog, we suggest to the Cameroonian government to implement more effective strategies to conserve and manage remnant populations of this iconic species through more effort against poaching which contribute to reduce the genetic diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74204,"journal":{"name":"Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis","volume":"30 4","pages":"657-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24701394.2019.1615060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37419088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}