Microplastics and nanoplastics最新文献

{"title":"Exposure scenarios for human health risk assessment of nano- and microplastic particles.","authors":"Taylor Lane, Ira Wardani, Albert A Koelmans","doi":"10.1186/s43591-025-00134-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43591-025-00134-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence of nano- and microplastic particles being present in the human body has increased in recent years, yet there is no acceptable methodology to perform a human health risk assessment for these particles because of limitations in the exposure and hazard assessments. Exposure assessment can be improved by establishing comprehensive and justifiable exposure scenarios for a defined exposure demographic, thoroughly describing the relevant exposure pathways, and performing multidimensional data alignment, thereby facilitating probabilistic estimates of nano- and microplastic particle exposure. General considerations of exposure scenarios are outlined, along with specifics details on the complexity and prioritization for nine demographic groups: adults; women; the elderly; individuals with disease; individuals employed in high-hazard occupations; and children demographics, including early infants, toddlers, school children, and teenagers. Recommendations to advance exposure assessments and scenarios are also provided which suggest: i) the use of well-defined exposure scenarios for demographics that are prioritized according to their level of complexity and concern; ii) a thorough description of relevant activity factors (physiological parameters, behavioural traits) and exposure factors (duration, frequency, media characterization) for the chosen demographic; iii) thorough descriptions of exposure via ingestion and inhalation, and in the case of early infants, including exposure via maternal transfer; iv) multidimensional data alignment and probabilistic methods to enable credible comparisons of exposure data across studies and inform physiologically based toxicokinetic models to estimate internal exposure.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-025-00134-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top-down generated micro- and nanoplastics reduce macrophage viability without eliciting a pro-inflammatory response.","authors":"Annemijne E T van den Berg, Kas J Adriaans, Luke A Parker, Elena M Höppener, Hanna M Dusza, Juliette Legler, Raymond H H Pieters","doi":"10.1186/s43591-025-00138-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43591-025-00138-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNPs) in our environment, food and drinking water has raised public concern due to inevitable human exposure. MNPs can be intentionally added to products or formed from plastics through fragmentation in the environment. Macrophages may become activated upon encountering MNPs, potentially triggering inflammation. However, this process, particularly in response to fragmented MNPs, remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether fragmented MNPs have cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects on human macrophages. We examined the immunotoxic effects of mechanically degraded secondary polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and polyamide particles (PVC, PP; < 1 μm and 1-5 μm, PA6.6; 1-5 µm), in addition to primary polystyrene beads (PS; 0.05, 0.2 and 1 μm) and titanium dioxide particles (TiO₂; < 0.1 μm) on human THP-1 macrophages. After up to 24 h of exposure to 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml, uptake was determined through flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and effects on macrophages were measured by assessing lysosomal activity, mitochondrial activity, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, NF-κB activity and cytokine secretion. PS particles were taken up by macrophages in a concentration-, time-, and size-dependent manner based on particle mass. Additionally, MNPs increased lysosomal activity, suggesting potential accumulation of the particles. Fragmented MNPs induced a decrease in mitochondrial activity and an increase in LDH leakage depending on concentration, specifying their cytotoxic potential. However, at these levels, they did not significantly induce NF-κB activity and cytokine production (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α). Our findings suggest a lack of a direct pro-inflammatory response by macrophages to fragmented MNPs of various polymer types. However, higher exposure concentrations induced cytotoxicity, which may indirectly influence immune system functioning. This work emphasizes the importance of studying environmentally relevant MNPs to provide deeper insights into potential health impact of physico-chemically altered MNPs.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-025-00138-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a 'theory of change' for ocean plastics: a socio-oceanography approach to the global challenge of plastic pollution.","authors":"Alice A Horton, Lesley Henderson, Cressida Bowyer, Winnie Courtene-Jones, Samantha L Garrard, Nieke Monika Kulsum, Deirdre McKay, Imali Manikarachchige, Sreejith Sreekumar, Thomas Stanton","doi":"10.1186/s43591-025-00127-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-025-00127-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Socio-oceanography is an emerging field which mobilises insights from natural and social sciences to explore the inter-connectedness of societal relationships with the ocean and to adopt a holistic approach to solving key oceanographic and societal challenges. It is within this specific context that we explore and reflect upon diverse communities in relation to engaging with plastic pollution in the ocean, one of the foremost socio-environmental challenges of our time. We establish definitions of 'community', arguing that communities are not 'out there' waiting to be engaged with but are dynamic and (re)constituted in four key contexts - geographical, practical, virtual, and circumstantial. We outline some 'rules of engagement' and draw upon several international case studies in the context of plastic pollution to evidence and emphasise the value of working with members of diverse communities to better address socio-oceanographic challenges. In the context of plastic pollution, communities have a vital role to play in terms of co-creating knowledge, lived experience, diverse expertise, and agency to bring about social change. Given the ubiquity of plastics in our day-to-day lives, and subsequently as an environmental pollutant, no community is unaffected by this issue. Relating to socio-oceanography, we argue that structural power imbalances in terms of how diverse communities and natural scientists are traditionally positioned within academic research mean that 'formal' scientific knowledge is frequently privileged, and members of communities risk being positioned as 'empty vessels'. Moving away from this 'deficit' model where knowledge is simply <i>transferred</i> or alternatively <i>extracted</i> from communities allows us to progress towards an inclusive 'socio-oceanography in society' approach, where members of communities are valued as vital in prioritising and addressing socio-oceanography issues which affect everyday life. Accessibility, openness, ethics and fairness in data are also essential in ensuring that research outcomes can be applied widely outside the academic community.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size- and polymer-dependent toxicity of amorphous environmentally relevant micro- and nanoplastics in human bronchial epithelial cells.","authors":"I F Gosselink, P Leonhardt, E M Höppener, R Smelt, M J Drittij, M Davigo, G G H van den Akker, I M Kooter, T J M Welting, F J van Schooten, A H V Remels","doi":"10.1186/s43591-025-00126-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43591-025-00126-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knowledge of the toxicological impact of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on the human airway epithelium is limited and almost exclusively based on experiments applying high doses of spherical polystyrene (PS) particles. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of a broad size range of amorphous MNPs generated from different environmentally-relevant polymers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to three different doses of polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), or polyamide (PA) particles (< 1 μm-10 μm), as well as leachates from these polymers. Toxicity was evaluated by assessment of cytotoxicity, inflammation (IL-8 release and inflammatory gene expression) and oxidative stress (DCFH-DA assay and antioxidant gene expression). Furthermore, the molecular mechanism behind MNP-induced inflammation was investigated by studying activation of two well-known inflammation related transcriptional factors (NF-κB and AP-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only PA nanoplastics induced significant cell death, IL-8 secretion and inflammatory gene expression compared to vehicle control. PA-induced inflammation was accompanied by NF-κB, but not AP-1, transcriptional activity. PA did not increase cellular ROS levels; however, it did lead to increased expression of the antioxidant gene superoxide dismutase 2. In addition to PA, exposure to < 1 µm and 1-5 µm PP particles resulted in elevated IL-8 secretion, likely due to the presence of talc added as filler. None of the leachates affected cytotoxicity or inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Toxicity of MNPs to human bronchial epithelial cells was dependent on polymer type, size and dose. Nanoplastics, especially PA, were more toxic to bronchial epithelial cells than microplastics and induced cytotoxicity and an inflammatory response.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-025-00126-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Toxicity of Microplastics Explorer (ToMEx) 2.0.","authors":"Leah M Thornton Hampton, Dana Briggs Wyler, Bethanie Carney Almroth, Scott Coffin, Win Cowger, Darragh Doyle, Eden K Hataley, Sara J Hutton, Magdalena M Mair, Ezra L Miller, Laura Monclús, Emma E Sharpe, Siddiqui Samreen, Kazi Towsif Ahmed, Quinn P V Allamby, Ana L Antonio Vital, Davide Asnicar, Jennifer L Bare, Andrew Barrick, Katherine Berreman, Lidwina Bertrand, Virginia Boone, Agathe Bour, Julian Brehm, Victor Carrasco-Navarro, Travis Cook, Garth A Covernton, Patricia Cubanski, Pedro M C Da Silva, Luan de Souza Leite, Sam M Gene, Ludovic Hermabessiere, Asta Hooge, Yuichi Iwasaki, Natasha Klasios, Christine M Knauss, Azora König Kardgar, Philipp Kropf, Isaac B Kudu, Anna Kukkola, Christian Laforsch, Stephanie B Kennedy, Frederic D L Leusch, Lucy Wei Li, Hsuan-Cheng Lu, Judd Mahan, Uddin Md Saif, Simona Mondellini, John P Norman, Zacharias Pandelides, Tove Petersson, Danielle A Philibert, Elina Kvist, Anja F R M Ramsperger, Gabrielle Rigutto, Sven Ritschar, Monica H Sandgaard, Jona Schmitt, Matthias Schott, Michael Schwarzer, Katryna J Seabrook, Teresa M Seifried, Rohan Sepahi, Mariella Siña, Alex N Testoff, Maaike Vercauteren, Colleen M Wardlaw, Andrew Yeh, Rachel Zajac-Fay, Alvine C Mehinto","doi":"10.1186/s43591-025-00145-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43591-025-00145-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2021 the Toxicity of Microplastics Explorer (ToMEx, https://microplastics.sccwrp.org) was released as an open source, open access database and web application for microplastics toxicity. Since then, it has been utilized by the microplastic research community for the exploration, visualization, and analysis of toxicity data for both hazard characterization and risk assessment. The peer-reviewed literature has continued to grow exponentially, making ToMEx out-of-date. To ensure the continued utility of ToMEx, an international crowd-sourcing approach was utilized to update ToMEx by extracting data from additional studies published since the original release. Through this process, both the aquatic and human health ToMEx databases roughly doubled in size, and modest increases in data diversity (e.g., number of species represented, types of test particles) were observed in the aquatic organisms database. However, most trends (e.g., greater toxicities observed with smaller particle sizes, lack of dose-response data etc.) observed in the first iteration of ToMEx remained constant. A previously developed framework for deriving ecological health-based microplastic thresholds using species sensitivity distributions was reapplied to determine how thresholds and their associated uncertainty intervals would change following the database update. Twelve new studies passed minimum screening criteria and were deemed fit for the purpose of threshold derivation. The addition of new data allowed for the separation of freshwater and marine compartments which had previously been combined due to a lack of applicable toxicity data for freshwater species. When molecular and cellular level endpoints were included, freshwater thresholds were comparable or increased from values calculated using previous data (-5 to 2.5-fold change) whereas marine thresholds dramatically decreased (-5000 to -29-fold change). However, when endpoints were restricted to organism and above, marine and freshwater thresholds were comparable to those calculated previously (-20 to 14-fold change). Confidence intervals for both marine and freshwater thresholds remained wide. The doubling of the database increases the value of ToMEx for researchers, particularly those focused on characterizing hazards associated with microplastics. Its utility remains limited for environmental managers as 89% of studies in ToMEx 2.0 failed to meet minimum screening criteria for threshold derivation, highlighting the need to generate fit-for-purpose toxicity data for threshold development. However, ToMEx continues to be a useful research tool, and future iterations could become even more powerful through novel artificial intelligence applications to streamline data curation and even predict toxicological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-025-00145-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"5 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical movement of microplastics by roots of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum) and the plant response in sandy soil","authors":"Faith Chebet Tumwet, Anne Richter, Tomas Kleint, T. Scheytt","doi":"10.1186/s43591-024-00092-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00092-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"33 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informing the Plastic Treaty negotiations on science - experiences from the Scientists’ Coalition for an Effective Plastic Treaty","authors":"Kristian Syberg, B. C. Almroth, M. Fernandez, Juan Baztan, Melanie Bergmann, Richard C. Thompson, Sedat Gündoğdu, Doris Knoblauch, Alessio Gomiero, Laura Monclús, Jane Muncke, Justin M. Boucher, Patricia Villarrubia Gomez, Trisia Farrelly","doi":"10.1186/s43591-024-00091-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00091-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":" 93","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on early-life health: a roadmap towards risk assessment","authors":"Emily A. Christopher, Yvette Christopher-de Vries, Anitha Devadoss, L. Mandemaker, Jeske van Boxel, Helena M. Copsey, Hanna M. Dusza, Juliette Legler, Florian Meirer, Jane Muncke, Tim S. Nawrot, N. Saenen, B. Scholz-Böttcher, Lang Tran, Bert M Weckhuysen, Runyu Zou, Lisa Zimmermann, K. Galea, Roel Vermeulen, M. Boyles","doi":"10.1186/s43591-024-00089-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00089-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of metal-tagged environmentally representative micro- and nanoplastic particles to investigate transport and retention through porous media using single particle ICP-MS","authors":"Emily Lena Tran, S. Bevers, Casey Smith, Stephanie Brown, Nathan Malone, D. H. Fairbrother, J. Ranville","doi":"10.1186/s43591-024-00087-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00087-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":"42 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling protein corona formation on pristine and leached microplastics","authors":"A. L. Dawson, Utpal Bose, Dongdong Ni, Joost Laurus Dinant Nelis","doi":"10.1186/s43591-024-00086-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00086-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74190,"journal":{"name":"Microplastics and nanoplastics","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}