microLife最新文献

{"title":"Functional redundancy revealed by the deletion of the mimivirus GMC-oxidoreductase genes.","authors":"Jean-Marie Alempic, Hugo Bisio, Alejandro Villalta, Sébastien Santini, Audrey Lartigue, Alain Schmitt, Claire Bugnot, Anna Notaro, Lucid Belmudes, Annie Adrait, Olivier Poirot, Denis Ptchelkine, Cristina De Castro, Yohann Couté, Chantal Abergel","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqae006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mimivirus 1.2 Mb genome was shown to be organized into a nucleocapsid-like genomic fiber encased in the nucleoid compartment inside the icosahedral capsid. The genomic fiber protein shell is composed of a mixture of two GMC-oxidoreductase paralogs, one of them being the main component of the glycosylated layer of fibrils at the surface of the virion. In this study, we determined the effect of the deletion of each of the corresponding genes on the genomic fiber and the layer of surface fibrils. First, we deleted the GMC-oxidoreductase, the most abundant in the genomic fiber, and determined its structure and composition in the mutant. As expected, it was composed of the second GMC-oxidoreductase and contained 5- and 6-start helices similar to the wild-type fiber. This result led us to propose a model explaining their coexistence. Then we deleted the GMC-oxidoreductase, the most abundant in the layer of fibrils, to analyze its protein composition in the mutant. Second, we showed that the fitness of single mutants and the double mutant were not decreased compared with the wild-type viruses under laboratory conditions. Third, we determined that deleting the GMC-oxidoreductase genes did not impact the glycosylation or the glycan composition of the layer of surface fibrils, despite modifying their protein composition. Because the glycosylation machinery and glycan composition of members of different clades are different, we expanded the analysis of the protein composition of the layer of fibrils to members of the B and C clades and showed that it was different among the three clades and even among isolates within the same clade. Taken together, the results obtained on two distinct central processes (genome packaging and virion coating) illustrate an unexpected functional redundancy in members of the family <i>Mimiviridae</i>, suggesting this may be the major evolutionary force behind their giant genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncontiguous operon atlas for the Staphylococcus aureus genome","authors":"Pablo Iturbe, Alvaro San Martín, Hiroshi Hamamoto, Marina Marcet, Toni Gabaldon, C. Solano, Í. Lasa","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqae007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bacteria synchronise the expression of genes with related functions by organizing genes into operons so that they are cotranscribed together in a single polycistronic messenger RNA. However, some cellular processes may benefit if the simultaneous production of the operon proteins coincides with the inhibition of the expression of an antagonist gene. To coordinate such situations, bacteria have evolved noncontiguous operons (NcOs), a subtype of operons that contain one or more genes that are transcribed in the opposite direction to the other operon genes. This structure results in overlapping transcripts whose expression is mutually repressed. The presence of NcOs cannot be predicted computationally and their identification requires a detailed knowledge of the bacterial transcriptome. In this study, we used direct RNA sequencing methodology to determine the NcOs map in the Staphylococcus aureus genome. We detected the presence of eighteen NcOs in the genome of S. aureus and four in the genome of the lysogenic prophage 80α. The identified NcOs comprise genes involved in energy metabolism, metal acquisition and transport, toxin-antitoxin systems and control of the phage life cycle. Using the menaquinone operon as a proof of concept, we show that disarrangement of the NcO architecture results in a reduction of bacterial fitness due to an increase in menaquinone levels and a decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption. Our study demonstrates the significance of NcO structures in bacterial physiology and emphasizes the importance of combining operon maps with transcriptomic data to uncover previously unnoticed functional relationships between neighbouring genes.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST313 sublineage 2.2 has emerged in Malawi with a characteristic gene expression signature and a fitness advantage","authors":"Benjamin Kumwenda, Rocío Canals, A. Predeus, Xiaojun Zhu, Carsten Kröger, Caisey V. Pulford, N. Wenner, Lizeth Lacharme Lora, Yan Li, S. Owen, Dean Everett, K. Hokamp, R. Heyderman, Philip M Ashton, Melita A Gordon, C. Msefula, Jay C. D. Hinton","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is a serious bloodstream infection that targets immune-compromised individuals, and causes significant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST313 causes the majority of iNTS in Malawi. We performed an intensive comparative genomic analysis of 608 S. Typhimurium ST313 isolates dating between 1996 and 2018 from Blantyre, Malawi. We discovered that following the arrival of the well-characterised S. Typhimurium ST313 lineage 2 in 1999, two multidrug-resistant variants emerged in Malawi in 2006 and 2008, designated sublineage 2.2 and 2.3 respectively. The majority of S. Typhimurium isolates from human bloodstream infections in Malawi now belong to sublineage 2.2 or 2.3. To understand the emergence of the prevalent ST313 sublineage 2.2, we studied two representative strains, D23580 (lineage 2) and D37712 (sublineage 2.2). The chromosome of ST313 lineage 2 and sublineage 2.2 only differed by 29 SNPs/small indels and a 3 kb deletion of a Gifsy-2 prophage region including the sseI pseudogene. Lineage 2 and sublineage 2.2 had distinctive plasmid profiles. The transcriptome was investigated in 15 infection-relevant in vitro conditions and within macrophages. During growth in physiological conditions that do not usually trigger S. Typhimurium SPI2 gene expression, the SPI2 genes of D37712 were transcriptionally active. We identified down-regulation of flagellar genes in D37712 compared with D23580. Following phenotypic confirmation of transcriptomic differences, we discovered that sublineage 2.2 had increased fitness compared with lineage 2 during mixed-growth in minimal media. We speculate that this competitive advantage is contributing to the emergence of sublineage 2.2 in Malawi.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-receptor phage cocktail against Salmonella enterica to circumvent phage resistance","authors":"Carlos E Martinez-Soto, Michael McClelland, A. M. Kropinski, Janet T. Lin, C. Khursigara, H. Anany","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqae003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide, with poultry products being the major vehicle for pathogenesis in humans. The use of bacteriophage (phage) cocktails has recently emerged as a novel approach to enhancing food safety. Here, a multi-receptor Salmonella phage cocktail of five phages was developed and characterized. The cocktail targets four receptors: O-antigen, BtuB, OmpC, and rough Salmonella strains. Structural analysis indicated that all five phages belong to unique families or subfamilies. Genome analysis of four of the phages showed they were devoid of known virulence or antimicrobial resistance factors, indicating enhanced safety. The phage cocktail broad antimicrobial spectrum against Salmonella, significantly inhibiting the growth of all 66 strains from 20 serovars tested in vitro. The average bacteriophage insensitive mutant (BIM) frequency against the cocktail was 6.22×10−6 in S. Enteritidis, significantly lower than that of each of the individual phages. The phage cocktail reduced the load of Salmonella in inoculated chicken skin by 3.5 log10 CFU/cm2 after 48 hours at 25 and 15°C, and 2.5 log10 CFU/cm2 at 4°C. A genome-wide transduction assay was used to investigate the transduction efficiency of the selected phage in the cocktail. Only one of the four phages tested could transduce the kanamycin resistance cassette at a low frequency comparable to that of phage P22. Overall, the results support the potential of cocktails of phage that each target different host receptors to achieve complementary infection and reduce the emergence of phage resistance during biocontrol applications.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the transcriptional landscapes for distinct clades of virulent phages infecting <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Leena Putzeys, Laura Wicke, Maarten Boon, Vera van Noort, Jörg Vogel, Rob Lavigne","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae002","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqae002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of high-throughput sequencing has resulted in a surge of available bacteriophage genomes, unveiling their tremendous genomic diversity. However, our current understanding of the complex transcriptional mechanisms that dictate their gene expression during infection is limited to a handful of model phages. Here, we applied ONT-cappable-seq to reveal the transcriptional architecture of six different clades of virulent phages infecting <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. This long-read microbial transcriptomics approach is tailored to globally map transcription start and termination sites, transcription units, and putative RNA-based regulators on dense phage genomes. Specifically, the full-length transcriptomes of LUZ19, LUZ24, 14-1, YuA, PAK_P3, and giant phage phiKZ during early, middle, and late infection were collectively charted. Beyond pinpointing traditional promoter and terminator elements and transcription units, these transcriptional profiles provide insights in transcriptional attenuation and splicing events and allow straightforward validation of Group I intron activity. In addition, ONT-cappable-seq data can guide genome-wide discovery of novel regulatory element candidates, including noncoding RNAs and riboswitches. This work substantially expands the number of annotated phage-encoded transcriptional elements identified to date, shedding light on the intricate and diverse gene expression regulation mechanisms in <i>Pseudomonas</i> phages, which can ultimately be sourced as tools for biotechnological applications in phage and bacterial engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10914365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host and nonhost bacteria support bacteriophage dissemination along mycelia and abiotic dispersal networks.","authors":"Claire Périat, Thierry Kuhn, Matteo Buffi, Andrea Corona-Ramirez, Mathilda Fatton, Guillaume Cailleau, Patrick S Chain, Claire E Stanley, Lukas Y Wick, Saskia Bindschedler, Diego Gonzalez, Xiang-Yi Li Richter, Pilar Junier","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqae004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages play a crucial role in shaping bacterial communities, yet the mechanisms by which nonmotile bacteriophages interact with their hosts remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced in structured environments like soil, where spatial constraints and air-filled zones hinder aqueous diffusion. In soil, hyphae of filamentous microorganisms form a network of 'fungal highways' (FHs) that facilitate the dispersal of other microorganisms. We propose that FHs also promote bacteriophage dissemination. Viral particles can diffuse in liquid films surrounding hyphae or be transported by infectable (host) or uninfectable (nonhost) bacterial carriers coexisting on FH networks. To test this, two bacteriophages that infect <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> DSM291 (host) but not KT2440 (nonhost) were used. In the absence of carriers, bacteriophages showed limited diffusion on 3D-printed abiotic networks, but diffusion was significantly improved in <i>Pythium ultimum</i>-formed FHs when the number of connecting hyphae exceeded 20. Transport by both host and nonhost carriers enhanced bacteriophage dissemination. Host carriers were five times more effective in transporting bacteriophages, particularly in FHs with over 30 connecting hyphae. This study enhances our understanding of bacteriophage dissemination in nonsaturated environments like soils, highlighting the importance of biotic networks and bacterial hosts in facilitating this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10924533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140095307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polar accumulation of pyoverdin and exit from stationary phase.","authors":"Clara Moreno-Fenoll, Maxime Ardré, Paul B Rainey","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqae001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqae001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyoverdin is a water-soluble metal-chelator synthesized by members of the genus <i>Pseudomonas</i> and used for the acquisition of insoluble ferric iron. Although freely diffusible in aqueous environments, preferential dissemination of pyoverdin among adjacent cells, fine-tuning of intracellular siderophore concentrations, and fitness advantages to pyoverdin-producing versus nonproducing cells, indicate control of location and release. Here, using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to track single cells in growing microcolonies of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> SBW25, we show accumulation of pyoverdin at cell poles. Accumulation occurs on cessation of cell growth, is achieved by cross-feeding in pyoverdin-nonproducing mutants and is reversible. Moreover, accumulation coincides with localization of a fluorescent periplasmic reporter, suggesting that pyoverdin accumulation at cell poles is part of the general cellular response to starvation. Compatible with this conclusion is absence of non-accumulating phenotypes in a range of pyoverdin mutants. Analysis of the performance of pyoverdin-producing and nonproducing cells under conditions promoting polar accumulation shows an advantage to accumulation on resumption of growth after stress. Examination of pyoverdin polar accumulation in a multispecies community and in a range of laboratory and natural species of <i>Pseudomonas</i>, including <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 and <i>P. putida</i> KT2440, confirms that the phenotype is characteristic of <i>Pseudomonas</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10873284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeal virus entry and egress","authors":"Bastiaan P Kuiper, Anna M C Schöntag, H. M. Oksanen, Bertram Daum, Tessa E. F. Quax","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqad048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqad048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Archaeal viruses display a high degree of structural and genomic diversity. Few details are known about the mechanisms by which these viruses enter and exit their host cells. Research on archaeal viruses has lately made significant progress due to advances in genetic tools and imaging techniques, such as cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). In recent years, a steady output of newly identified archaeal viral receptors and egress mechanisms has offered the first insight into how archaeal viruses interact with the archaeal cell envelope. As more details about archaeal viral entry and egress are unravelled, patterns are starting to emerge. This helps to better understand the interactions between viruses and the archaeal cell envelope and how these compare to infection strategies of viruses infecting other domains of life. Here we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of archaeal viral entry and egress, shedding light onto the most elusive part of the virosphere.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agtrevirus phage AV101 recognizes four different O-antigens infecting diverse E. coli","authors":"Anders Nørgaard Sørensen, Dorottya Kalmar, V. T. Lutz, Victor Klein-Sousa, Nicholas M I Taylor, M. C. H. Sørensen, L. Brøndsted","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqad047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqad047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bacteriophages in the Agtrevirus genus are known for expressing multiple tail spike proteins (TSPs), but little is known about their genetic diversity and host recognition apart from their ability to infect diverse Enterobacteriaceae species. Here we aim to determine the genetic differences that may account for the diverse host ranges of Agrevirus phages. We performed comparative genomics of 14 Agtrevirus and identified only a few genetic differences including genes involved in nucleotide metabolism. Most notably was the diversity of the tsp gene cluster, specifically in the receptor binding domains that were unique among most of the phages. We further characterized agtrevirus AV101 infecting nine diverse Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli and demonstrated that this phage encoded four unique TSPs among Agtrevirus. Purified TSPs formed translucent zones and inhibited AV101 infection of specific hosts, demonstrating that TSP1, TSP2, TSP3, and TSP4 recognize O8, O82, O153, and O159 O-antigens of E. coli, respectively. BLASTp analysis showed that the receptor binding domain of TSP1, TSP2, TSP3 and TSP4 are similar to TSPs encoded by E. coli prophages and distant related virulent phages. Thus, Agtrevirus may have gained their receptor binding domains by recombining with prophages or virulent phages. Overall, combining bioinformatic and biological data expands the understanding of TSP host recognition of Agtrevirus and give new insight into the origin and acquisition of receptor binding domains of Ackermannviridae phages.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A native phosphoglycolate salvage pathway of the synthetic autotrophic yeast <i>Komagataella phaffii</i>.","authors":"Michael Baumschabl, Bernd M Mitic, Christina Troyer, Stephan Hann, Özge Ata, Diethard Mattanovich","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqad046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqad046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic autotrophs can serve as chassis strains for bioproduction from CO₂ as a feedstock to take measures against the climate crisis. Integration of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle into the methylotrophic yeast <i>Komagataella phaffii</i> (<i>Pichia pastoris</i>) enabled it to use CO₂ as the sole carbon source. The key enzyme in this cycle is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzing the carboxylation step. However, this enzyme is error prone to perform an oxygenation reaction leading to the production of toxic 2-phosphoglycolate. Native autotrophs have evolved different recycling pathways for 2-phosphoglycolate. However, for synthetic autotrophs, no information is available for the existence of such pathways. Deletion of <i>CYB2</i> in the autotrophic <i>K. phaffii</i> strain led to the accumulation of glycolate, an intermediate in phosphoglycolate salvage pathways, suggesting that such a pathway is enabled by native <i>K. phaffii</i> enzymes. ¹³C tracer analysis with labeled glycolate indicated that the yeast pathway recycling phosphoglycolate is similar to the plant salvage pathway. This orthogonal yeast pathway may serve as a sensor for RuBisCO oxygenation, and as an engineering target to boost autotrophic growth rates in <i>K. phaffii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10791038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}