microLife最新文献_第10页

Living a bacterial lifestyle as an academic researcher. 以学术研究者的身份过着细菌生活。

microLife Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqac012

Sarah Wettstadt

引用次数: 0

A microbiologist can't let their sourdough die. 微生物学家不能让他们的酵母死掉。

microLife Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqac007

Sarah Wettstadt

引用次数: 0

Giant viruses of the Megavirinae subfamily possess biosynthetic pathways to produce rare bacterial-like sugars in a clade-specific manner. Megavirinae亚家族的巨型病毒具有生物合成途径，以进化枝特异性的方式产生罕见的细菌样糖。

microLife Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqac002

Anna Notaro, Olivier Poirot, Elsa D Garcin, Sebastien Nin, Antonio Molinaro, Michela Tonetti, Cristina De Castro, Chantal Abergel

{"title":"Giant viruses of the Megavirinae subfamily possess biosynthetic pathways to produce rare bacterial-like sugars in a clade-specific manner.","authors":"Anna Notaro, Olivier Poirot, Elsa D Garcin, Sebastien Nin, Antonio Molinaro, Michela Tonetti, Cristina De Castro, Chantal Abergel","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqac002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqac002","url":null,"abstract":"The recent discovery that giant viruses encode proteins related to sugar synthesis and processing paved the way for the study of their glycosylation machinery. We focused on the proposed Megavirinae subfamily, for which glycan-related genes were proposed to code for proteins involved in glycosylation of the layer of fibrils surrounding their icosahedral capsids. We compared sugar compositions and corresponding biosynthetic pathways among clade members using a combination of chemical and bioinformatics approaches. We first demonstrated that Megavirinae glycosylation differs in many aspects from what was previously reported for viruses, as they have complex glycosylation gene clusters made of six and up to 33 genes to synthetize their fibril glycans (biosynthetic pathways for nucleotide-sugars and glycosyltransferases). Second, they synthesize rare amino-sugars, usually restricted to bacteria and absent from their eukaryotic host. Finally, we showed that Megavirinae glycosylation is clade-specific and that Moumouvirus australiensis, a B-clade outsider, shares key features with Cotonvirus japonicus (clade E) and Tupanviruses (clade D). The existence of a glycosylation toolbox in this family could represent an advantageous strategy to survive in an environment where members of the same family are competing for the same amoeba host. This study expands the field of viral glycobiology and raises questions on how Megavirinae evolved such versatile glycosylation machinery.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9517171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The role of peptidoglycan hydrolases in the formation and toxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane vesicles. 肽聚糖水解酶在铜绿假单胞菌膜囊泡形成和毒性中的作用。

microLife Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqac009

Yi-Chi Chen, Ratchara Kalawong, Masanori Toyofuku, Leo Eberl

{"title":"The role of peptidoglycan hydrolases in the formation and toxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane vesicles.","authors":"Yi-Chi Chen, Ratchara Kalawong, Masanori Toyofuku, Leo Eberl","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqac009","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have been reported to kill other bacteria. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa the bactericidal activity has been attributed to an unidentified 26 kDa peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolase that is associated with MVs and gives rise to a lytic band on zymograms using murein sacculi as substrate. In this study, we employed a proteomics approach to show that this PG hydrolase is the AmphD3 amidase. The analysis of an amphD3 mutant as well as of an AmphD3 overexpression derivative revealed that this enzyme is not required for the bactericidal activity of P. aeruginosa MVs but is involved in cell wall recycling and thus protects the cell against PG damage. Another 23 kDa PG hydrolase, which we observed on zymograms of SOS-induced MVs, was identified as the endolysin Lys, which triggers explosive cell lysis but is shown to be dispensable for MV-mediated killing. We conclude that the lytic activities observed on zymograms do not correlate with the bactericidal potential of MVs. We demonstrate that P. aeruginosa MVs are enriched for several autolysins, suggesting that the predatory activity of MVs depends on the combined action of different murein hydrolases.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117874/pdf/uqac009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10104684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The iron transporter Transferrin 1 mediates homeostasis of the endosymbiotic relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and Spiroplasma poulsonii. 铁转运体转铁蛋白1介导黑腹果蝇与普氏螺浆虫内共生关系的平衡。

microLife Pub Date : 2021-06-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab008

Alice Marra, Florent Masson, Bruno Lemaitre

{"title":"The iron transporter Transferrin 1 mediates homeostasis of the endosymbiotic relationship between Drosophila melanogaster and Spiroplasma poulsonii.","authors":"Alice Marra, Florent Masson, Bruno Lemaitre","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqab008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqab008","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is involved in numerous biological processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is therefore subject to a tug-of-war between host and microbes upon pathogenic infections. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the iron transporter Transferrin 1 (Tsf1) mediates iron relocation from the hemolymph to the fat body upon infection as part of the nutritional immune response. The sequestration of iron in the fat body renders it less available for pathogens, hence limiting their proliferation and enhancing the host ability to fight the infection. Here we investigate the interaction between host iron homeostasis and Spiroplasma poulsonii, a facultative, vertically transmitted, endosymbiont of Drosophila. This low-pathogenicity bacterium is devoid of cell wall and is able to thrive in the host hemolymph without triggering pathogen-responsive canonical immune pathways. However, hemolymph proteomics revealed an enrichment of Tsf1 in infected flies. We find that S. poulsonii induces tsf1 expression and triggers an iron sequestration response similarly to pathogenic bacteria. We next demonstrate that free iron cannot be used by Spiroplasma while Tsf1-bound iron promotes bacterial growth, underlining the adaptation of Spiroplasma to the intra-host lifestyle where iron is mostly protein-bound. Our results show that Tsf1 is used both by the fly to sequester iron and by Spiroplasma to forage host iron, making it a central protein in endosymbiotic homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outer membrane vesicles as versatile tools for therapeutic approaches. 外膜囊泡是治疗方法的多功能工具。

microLife Pub Date : 2021-06-08 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab006

Franz G Zingl, Deborah R Leitner, Himadri B Thapa, Stefan Schild

{"title":"Outer membrane vesicles as versatile tools for therapeutic approaches.","authors":"Franz G Zingl, Deborah R Leitner, Himadri B Thapa, Stefan Schild","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqab006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/femsml/uqab006","url":null,"abstract":"Budding of the bacterial surface results in the formation and secretion of outer membrane vesicles, which is a conserved phenomenon observed in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies highlight that these sphere-shaped facsimiles of the donor bacterium's surface with enclosed periplasmic content may serve multiple purposes for their host bacterium. These include inter- and intraspecies cell-cell communication, effector delivery to target cells and bacterial adaptation strategies. This review provides a concise overview of potential medical applications to exploit outer membrane vesicles for therapeutic approaches. Due to the fact that outer membrane vesicles resemble the surface of their donor cells, they represent interesting nonliving candidates for vaccine development. Furthermore, bacterial donor species can be genetically engineered to display various proteins and glycans of interest on the outer membrane vesicle surface or in their lumen. Outer membrane vesicles also possess valuable bioreactor features as they have the natural capacity to protect, stabilize and enhance the activity of luminal enzymes. Along these features, outer membrane vesicles not only might be suitable for biotechnological applications but may also enable cell-specific delivery of designed therapeutics as they are efficiently internalized by nonprofessional phagocytes. Finally, outer membrane vesicles are potent modulators of our immune system with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. A deeper understanding of immunoregulatory effects provoked by different outer membrane vesicles is the basis for their possible future applications ranging from inflammation and immune response modulation to anticancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patho-epigenetics: histone deacetylases as targets of pathogens and therapeutics. 病理表观遗传学:组蛋白去乙酰化酶作为病原体和治疗的靶点。

microLife Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab013

Daniel Schator, Laura Gomez-Valero, Carmen Buchrieser, Monica Rolando

{"title":"Patho-epigenetics: histone deacetylases as targets of pathogens and therapeutics.","authors":"Daniel Schator, Laura Gomez-Valero, Carmen Buchrieser, Monica Rolando","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqab013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqab013","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the interplay of epigenetics and infection moved into the limelight. Epigenetic regulation describes modifications in gene expression without alterations of the DNA sequence. In eukaryotes, this mechanism is central for fundamental cellular processes such as cell development and differentiation, but it is also involved in more specific tasks such as the response to infection by a pathogen. One of the most common types of epigenetic changes is the modification of histones. Histones, the small protein building blocks that are wrapped with DNA are the fundamental packaging unit of chromatin. Histones can be modified by linking different moieties to them-one of the most abundant ones is acetylation. Histone acetylation is regulated by two main classes of enzymes, histone acetyl transferases (HAT) and their counterparts, histone deacetylases (HDAC). Given the high abundance and importance in regulating gene expression, histone acetylation is an excellent target for pathogens to manipulate the host cell to their advantage. Targeting HDACs gained particular interest in recent years, due to the increased use of HDAC inhibitors in clinical practice. Recently, the possibility to fight an infection with HDAC inhibitors was suggested as an alternative to overcome the ever-growing problem of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we focus on the regulation of HDACs and their involvement in immune cell function. We then highlight different mechanisms employed by pathogens to manipulate histone deacetylases and we discuss the possibility of HDAC inhibitors as therapeutics to fight infections.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/5c/uqab013.PMC10117728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9518498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Structure, composition and biological properties of fungal extracellular vesicles. 真菌细胞外囊泡的结构、组成及生物学特性。

microLife Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab009

Juliana Rizzo, Adam Taheraly, Guilhem Janbon

引用次数: 12

Extracellular membrane vesicles and nanotubes in Archaea. 古细菌的胞外膜囊泡和纳米管。

microLife Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab007

Junfeng Liu, Nicolas Soler, Aurore Gorlas, Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Mart Krupovic, Patrick Forterre

{"title":"Extracellular membrane vesicles and nanotubes in Archaea.","authors":"Junfeng Liu, Nicolas Soler, Aurore Gorlas, Virginija Cvirkaite-Krupovic, Mart Krupovic, Patrick Forterre","doi":"10.1093/femsml/uqab007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/femsml/uqab007","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells from all three domains of life and their implication in various biological processes is increasingly recognized. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on archaeal EVs and nanotubes, and emphasize their biological significance. In archaea, the EVs and nanotubes have been largely studied in representative species from the phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. The archaeal EVs have been linked to several physiological processes such as detoxification, biomineralization and transport of biological molecules, including chromosomal, viral or plasmid DNA, thereby taking part in genome evolution and adaptation through horizontal gene transfer. The biological significance of archaeal nanotubes is yet to be demonstrated, although they could participate in EV biogenesis or exchange of cellular contents. We also discuss the biological mechanisms leading to EV/nanotube biogenesis in Archaea. It has been recently demonstrated that, similar to eukaryotes, EV budding in crenarchaea depends on the ESCRT machinery, whereas the mechanism of EV budding in euryarchaeal lineages, which lack the ESCRT-III homologues, remains unknown.","PeriodicalId":74189,"journal":{"name":"microLife","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10117752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

MicroRNAs and extracellular vesicles in the gut: new host modulators of the microbiome? 肠道中的microrna和细胞外囊泡:微生物组的新宿主调节剂?

microLife Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab010

Xiaochen Du, Ruth Ley, Amy H Buck

引用次数: 4