Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Evidence and Tradition in Dialogue: Biological Sex Variability in Phytomedicine Research as a Foundation for Safety, Efficacy, and Robust Evidence Standards.","authors":"Helen Turner, Chad Jansen, Beverly G Rice, Tiffany Rivera, Julia Howard, Catherine Brockway, Bianca Parisi, Chaker Adra, Andrea Small-Howard, Alexander J Stokes","doi":"10.3390/medicines13020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines13020015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Incorporating sex as a biological variable (SBV) is recognized as essential for improving the reliability, reproducibility, and generalizability of pharmacological research. This principle is codified in international policies and guidelines, yet implementation remains uneven, especially in phytomedicine. Phytomedicines are a major component of healthcare worldwide, with 65% of the global population relying on them in both regulated and traditional contexts. Globally, phytomedicines are used by males, females, intersex and non-cis gender persons, all of whom may present specific safety and efficacy considerations and warrant full inclusion in pre-clinical to clinical research pipelines. However, in contemporary settings, phytomedicine lags in SBV best practices relative to Western allopathic standards for research design. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a non-systematic review and in silico data mining to quantify sex/gender representation in recent preclinical and clinical phytomedicine studies, complemented by targeted case studies of sexually dimorphic safety/efficacy. We also summarize the historical role of women and gender-diverse people as users and providers within Traditional and Integrative Medical Systems (TIMSs). <b>Results:</b> Across rodent and human studies, females are under-represented relative to males, and sex is rarely reported for cell lines. Intentional inclusion of intersex and other gender-diverse populations is largely absent. Case studies illustrate plausible sex-associated differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and adverse event profiles. TIMSs historically address women's health needs and include substantial participation by female practitioners; however, contemporary SBV practices remain less standardized than in Western allopathic pipelines. <b>Conclusions:</b> SBV integration in phytomedicine is needed to strengthen safety, efficacy, and regulatory-grade evidence. Practical barriers include legacy datasets without sex metadata, limited intersex animal models, and uneven resources across settings. We outline feasible, stepwise practices to improve SBV adoption in a manner compatible with TIMS contexts and recommend expanding current guidelines to better support diverse research environments while maintaining scientific rigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticholinergic Burden in Elderly People in Nursing Homes: Cross-Sectional Assessment Using ACB Calculator and CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale.","authors":"Tânia Nascimento, Maria Ana Matos, Ezequiel Pinto","doi":"10.3390/medicines13020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines13020014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Anticholinergic burden is an important risk marker in older adults, associated with cognitive decline, falls, and increased mortality. This study aimed to assess anticholinergic burden in institutionalized elderly individuals using two tools (ACB calculator and CALS-CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale), as well as to analyze its relationship with pharmacotherapeutic variables like polypharmacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing the pharmacotherapeutic profiles of institutionalized elderly individuals (≥65 years) utilizing individualized medication preparation services from a community pharmacy in Alentejo (Portugal). Participants agreed to the study and had complete, up-to-date pharmacotherapeutic profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pharmacotherapeutic profiles of 75 institutionalized elderly people were analyzed; the sample comprised mostly women (72%) who had experienced excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medications) (56%) and had an average age of 85.62 ± 7.62 years. It was found that 90.7% (ACB) and 89.3% (CALS-CRIDECO) of the elderly had anticholinergic burden, with mean values of 3.60 ± 2.84 and 3.33 ± 2.51, respectively. Women exhibited higher anticholinergic burden in unadjusted analyses (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The burden correlated moderately with the total number of medications (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results show high exposure to anticholinergic medications in the institutionalized elderly population, reinforcing the rationale for systematic therapeutic reviews focused on the pharmacological safety of institutionalized older adults in community pharmacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oxcarbazepine on the Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Aripiprazole in a Rat Model.","authors":"Iulia-Maria Ciocotișan, Dana Maria Muntean, Laurian Vlase","doi":"10.3390/medicines13020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines13020013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: A possible pharmacokinetic interaction between a single dose of aripiprazole and multiple-dose pretreatment with oxcarbazepine was investigated in vivo in Wistar albino rats. <b>Methods</b>: The experiment was conducted on two groups of 12 male rats each. The control group received a single oral dose of aripiprazole (8 mg/kg), while the test group was given oral oxcarbazepine (85 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, followed by a single oral dose of aripiprazole (8 mg/kg). Blood samples were automatically drawn following the administration of aripiprazole to each rat. Noncompartmental analysis was employed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole. <b>Results</b>: After the five-day oxcarbazepine pretreatment, aripiprazole's maximum plasma concentration decreased by 51.37%, and its mean half-life was significantly reduced by 1.51-fold. In contrast, for the metabolite, the mean total area under the concentration-time curve increased by 44.66%, and the mean apparent systemic clearance decreased by 61.84%. <b>Conclusions</b>: Multiple-dose pretreatment with oxcarbazepine resulted in significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of aripiprazole and its active metabolite in vivo in rats. The clinical implications should be further studied in human subjects, as this interaction may reduce the efficacy of aripiprazole.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of In Vitro Replicative Lifespan Elongation Activity of Hormones, Antioxidants, Plant Extract and Bacterial Exudate by Updated \"Overlay Method\".","authors":"Hiroshi Sakagami, Masayo Abe, Megumi Inomata, Hideki Aoyagi, Takao Tsukahara, Kenjiro Bandow, Shogo Nishino, Hiroshi Kadokura, Yuka Kato, Satoshi Yokose","doi":"10.3390/medicines13020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines13020012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Many products that claim to have anti-aging effects have been reported, but their relative potency is not clear. In this study, the in vitro replicative lifespan extension (RLE) activity of various groups of physiologically active substances was compared by using the updated \"overlay method\". <b>Methods</b>: Human dermal and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HDFa, HPLF) were inoculated into the inner 60 wells of 96-well microplate, surround by sterile water to prevent the water evaporation. At Day 1 and Day 8, the cells were overlayed with wide ranges of concentrations (0.01-100 µM) of samples without medium change. Viable cell number was measured by the MTT method at Day 15 and then corrected for the variation in cell growth due to the location of inoculated cells. The RLE value was calculated as the maximum cell proliferation rate relative to the control. <b>Results</b>: Cell density of HDFa and HPLFs at subculture decreased with the passage number, and their growth was stopped at 56 or 85 population doubling levels (PDLs), respectively. Hydrocortisone showed the highest RLE values among six hormones, followed by three plant extracts, sodium ascorbate and quercetin. On the other hand, other antioxidants, chlorogenic acid, phenylpropanoids, vanilloids, and bacterial products showed little or no RLE effects. However, for HPLF cells, hydrocortisone did not show RLE effects while oxytocin showed slight stimulation. <b>Conclusions</b>: When differences in proliferation due to cell seeding position were corrected, the biphasic dose response curve of most of the compounds significantly reduced. The present study suggests the significant role of hormones for the regulation of the long-term aging process. To confirm systemic or clinical anti-aging effects, further in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Targeted Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Mitigating Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer.","authors":"Fidara F Fidudusola, Caroline O Odewumi, Lekan M Latinwo, Oluwatobi A Oguntunde, Samia S Messeha, Karam F A Soliman","doi":"10.3390/medicines13020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines13020011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant originating from both natural processes and human activities. Cd has been strongly associated with multiple diseases, including breast cancer (BC). <b>Background/Objective</b>: Environmental Cd exposure represents a significant contributor to BC onset and progression. Cd-induced breast carcinogenesis is driven by a constellation of molecular events, including DNA damage, oxidative stress (OS), and the dysregulation of key signaling pathways. These include the ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK cascade, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, NF κB activation, and Wnt signaling, all of which collectively promote tumor initiation, survival, and metastasis. This review underscores the complex interplay between Cd exposure and its effects on cancer-triggering factors. <b>Methods</b>: The complexity of the mechanisms Cd-induced BC, underlying Cd-induced BC makes it challenging to treat, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies that complement or enhance conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, this review was developed by reviewing the literature and presenting the different aspects of the challenge associated with Cd exposure and BC therapy. <b>Results</b>: Phytochemicals, especially phenolics, alkaloids, carotenoids, terpenoids, and related plant-derived compounds, have emerged as promising candidates for mitigating Cd-induced BC. Their antioxidants, anti-estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties position them as potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents capable of counteracting Cd's molecular toxicity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The review presents current evidence linking Cd exposure to BC development and highlights the protective potential of selected phytochemicals in preventing or attenuating Cd-induced BC. Understanding these interactions reinforces the importance of phytochemical-based interventions as a strategy to reduce Cd-related cancer risk and support breast health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Pleiotropic Cardioprotective Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Preventing Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Theoretical Proposal for Future Research.","authors":"Matthew L Repp, Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere, Santiago Teran, Julia Bast, Lavanya Kondapalli","doi":"10.3390/medicines13010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicines13010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with type II diabetes mellitus, and/or obesity, and/or cardiovascular disease in multiple clinical trials. Their efficacy in reversing cardiovascular disease and mitigating the risk of major adverse cardiac and vascular events has been well studied, with outcome trials consistently demonstrating benefits such as reduced systemic inflammation, improved endothelial function, and favorable metabolic effects. These pleiotropic actions have nearly innumerable potential applications, with a progressively growing interest in using GLP-1 RAs to mitigate increased cardiovascular disease risk secondary to other off-target pharmacologic agents. Given these effects, the potential to utilize GLP-1 RAs for prophylactic cardioprotection before, during, and/or after chemotherapy regimens is of great interest. These effects are thought to be mediated in part through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms that counter inflammation and reactive oxygen species-driven myocardial injury central to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). Anthracyclines, a widely used class of chemotherapeutics for various malignancies, are frequently associated with dose-dependent and often irreversible cardiotoxicity, leading to heart failure, reduced quality of life, and adverse long-term outcomes. For the past three decades, dexrazoxane has been the sole Food and Drug Administration-approved agent for cardioprotection in this setting. However, in the current era of novel therapies with multi-system benefits-such as GLP-1 RAs-we propose a theoretical framework exploring their potential role in mitigating AIC and underscore the need for further clinical investigation in this new arena in the field of cardio-oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13027766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinases: Implications for Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics.","authors":"Evangelia Krikou, Ioanna A Anastasiou, Panagiotis Sarantis, Hariklia Gakiopoulou, Irini Theochari, Dimitra Grigoriadou, Andreas C Lazaris, Eleftheria Lakiotaki","doi":"10.3390/medicines13010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicines13010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tumor that heavily depends on extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, an essential process involved not only in normal tissue homeostasis but also in malignant growth. This article reviews the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, zinc-dependent endopeptidases) in matrix degradation and ECM reorganization in the setting of RCC. We focus on the specific role of MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and major subtypes of RCC. Higher levels of these MMPs are associated with high-grade tumors, increased risk of metastasis, and poorer patient survival rates, indicating that they may have value as prognostic markers. This review also discusses how ECM composition and structure are altered in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby preventing cell interactions and promoting cancer growth. Finally, it compiles the existing studies to anticipate a future era in which MMPs could serve as effective prognostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets for RCC, with implications for improving diagnostic and therapeutic interventions targeting ECM remodeling to suppress cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13028108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulforaphane Pre-Treatment Improves Alveolar Macrophage Killing After Alcohol-Induced Phagocytic Dysfunction In Vitro and in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> Larvae.","authors":"Caleb Harrop, Nathan Clark, Robert Darby, Dallen James, Scott Quimby, Braydon Black, Vincent Tran, Ethan Ostrom, Tinna Traustadóttir, Fernando P Monroy, Victor M Jimenez","doi":"10.3390/medicines13010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicines13010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Alcohol is associated with increased mortality and morbidity globally. Pulmonary infections with opportunistic pathogens can occur in healthy humans; however, binge alcohol intoxication (≥0.08% BAC) is a major risk factor. We have previously shown that a single dose of alcohol comparable to binge alcohol intoxication increases infection by reducing alveolar macrophage function in vivo. Sulforaphane (SFN), a phytonutrient, is a potent inducer of antioxidant production through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-kB) pathway. The aim of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of SFN given as a pretreatment to prevent alcohol-induced phagocytic dysfunction. <b>Methods:</b> Intracellular phagocytic killing was measured via colony-forming units (CFU) and cytokine expression via ELISA. <i>G. mellonella</i> survival was used to determine the therapeutic potential of SFN in vivo. <b>Results:</b> Dose-response curves indicated that SFN concentrations of less than 20 µM were not cytotoxic in either MH-S (murine) or THP-1 (human) cells. Live infection assay results showed that MH-S and THP-1 cells pretreated with SFN (5 µM) and challenged with 0.2% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) alcohol for 3 or 8 h prior to live <i>B. thailandensis</i> or <i>S. epidermidis</i> infection improved intracellular pathogen killing between 12- and 20-fold compared to macrophages treated with alcohol alone. ELISA analysis indicated that SFN significantly reduced levels of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression at 3 and 8 h compared to controls. Additionally, a <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae model demonstrated greater survivability in the prophylaxis group compared to larvae exposed to either Gram-positive or Gram-negative pathogens, as well as in groups that received alcohol prior to pathogen inoculation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, SFN-induced cytoprotection was extended beyond in vitro cell culture to include an in vivo <i>G. mellonella</i> model demonstrating protection against Gram-positive and negative opportunistic pathogens. These data demonstrate that SFN may be an effective pretreatment option to prevent alcohol-mediated innate immune dysfunction and restore macrophage phagocytic killing.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13028045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Craving Reduction: Efficacy of Short-Term Treatments in Alcohol Use Disorder.","authors":"Matheus Cheibub David Marin, Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro, Giuliana Perrotte, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia","doi":"10.3390/medicines13010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicines13010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a major contributor to global morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Cravings, defined as intense urges to consume alcohol, play a central role in relapse and are recognized as a diagnostic criterion in DSM-5. Pharmacological strategies targeting cravings may offer immediate or short-term relief, complementing existing long-term approaches. However, evidence on short-term (up to approximately three months) anti-craving interventions remains fragmented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the short-term effects of pharmacological treatments on cue-induced alcohol cravings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO using terms related to alcohol, craving, and randomized controlled designs. Eligibility included clinical trials on alcohol-dependent participants that evaluated craving as an outcome. Exclusion criteria encompassed non-clinical studies, non-pharmacological interventions, animal studies, single-blind trials, and studies with psychiatric comorbidities. Study quality was appraised using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institute tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 442 studies screened, 26 RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In total, 1097 participants were enrolled across the trials (range = 16-125 per study; mean = 44), predominantly male outpatients aged 15-65 years. Craving was assessed primarily with the Visual Analog Scale and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire. Intervention duration ranged from 1 to 98 days. Naltrexone consistently reduced cue-induced craving across four trials, with additional benefit observed when combined with ondansetron. Varenicline and acamprosate also demonstrated reductions in craving and drinking. Memantine showed efficacy in craving reduction but was not assessed for abstinence. Topiramate was effective, whereas gabapentin showed limited short-term benefit. Other agents (e.g., citalopram, oxytocin, ondansetron, quetiapine) yielded mixed findings, often limited to single studies. Overall, 58% of trials reported positive anti-craving effects, 23% no difference, and 8% increased craving versus placebo. However, these findings should be interpreted in light of important methodological limitations, including small sample sizes and heterogeneous experimental paradigms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review suggests that naltrexone and varenicline appear to be the most consistently supported short-term pharmacotherapies for alcohol craving within the available evidence, with promising but less consistent findings for memantine, acamprosate, and topiramate. These results highlight potential candidates for immediate craving management in AUD, while underscoring the need for larger and longer-term trials to confirm their efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Zulfiqar et al. Association of Frailty Status with Risk of Fall among Hospitalized Elderly Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Acute Geriatric Unit. <i>Medicines</i> 2022, <i>9</i>, 48.","authors":"Abrar-Ahmad Zulfiqar, Perla Habchi, Ibrahima Amadou Dembele, Emmanuel Andres","doi":"10.3390/medicines13010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/medicines13010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was an error in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":74162,"journal":{"name":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}