Advances in wound care最新文献

{"title":"Getting Started on Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Clinical Research: Includes Rigor Checklist for Authors and Reviewers.","authors":"Chandan K Sen, Deeptankar DeMazumder","doi":"10.1177/21621918251380217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251380217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming biomedical research and health care, offering new paradigms for discovery, diagnosis, and decision-making. This article provides a roadmap for researchers, clinicians, and reviewers seeking to understand and apply AI with rigor and relevance. It begins with a historical anchor: the birth of AI in health care at the University of Pittsburgh in the 1970s, where the INTERNIST-1 system pioneered diagnostic reasoning through symbolic logic, a milestone that laid the foundation for today's intelligent systems. Structured into three tiers-foundations, core techniques, and applications-the article addresses the full spectrum of biomedical AI. It introduces foundational concepts such as data engineering and preprocessing, knowledge representation and reasoning, and symbolic AI, which together enable structured, interpretable intelligence. Core techniques including expert systems, machine learning, deep learning, and explainable AI are presented with clinical examples, highlighting their role in wound care, image analysis, and predictive modeling. The applications tier showcases natural language processing, non-machine learning computer vision, robotics and automation, and distributed AI/multi-agent systems, demonstrating how AI integrates into real-world workflows. Ethical considerations and bias mitigation strategies are addressed with emphasis on Institutional Review Board oversight and fairness frameworks. Crucially, the article emphasizes that successful AI adoption begins not with technology, but with people. It outlines a systematic approach to building a biomedical AI workforce from within, empowering clinicians, researchers, and staff to become AI-literate contributors and leaders. With rigor checklists, practical guidance, and a vision for human-AI collaboration, this article invites readers to move beyond hype and toward responsible, transformative innovation in health care and biomedical science. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acellular Scaffolds for Muscle Regeneration: Advances and Challenges.","authors":"Jessica Mroueh, Luisa Weber, Yori Endo, Vanessa Mroueh, Indranil Sinha","doi":"10.1089/wound.2024.0049","DOIUrl":"10.1089/wound.2024.0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance:</b> Volumetric muscle loss is defined as composite loss of muscle mass. Severe injuries result in permanent functional impairment. Treatment options are limited. Tissue engineering techniques utilizing scaffolds offer promise as a potential therapy. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Emerging strategies, including bioactive molecules and growth factors in biocompatible scaffolds, may promote muscle regeneration following severe injury. In this context, scaffolds can act as a drug-delivery device, provide guidance to cells as a supporting matrix, and slowly release growth factors to promote healing. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Scaffolds engraftment and ability to promote tissue regeneration in injured beds remain limited. Tuning and optimizing scaffold fiber diameter, alignment, cellular cues, growth factor delivery, and porosity will be important in reconstituting functional skeletal muscle following loss. <b>Future Directions:</b> Our mechanistic understanding of interactions between biomimetic scaffolds and host tissue is still evolving, and future research can identify factors to promote tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":"569-587"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Contemporary Paradigms in Nerve Scaffolds and Regeneration.","authors":"Charles D Hwang, Seamus P Caragher, Rebekah J Bihun, Kyle R Eberlin","doi":"10.1089/wound.2024.0074","DOIUrl":"10.1089/wound.2024.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve injuries, especially those with complete transection of major nerves, create significant morbidity including debilitating pain, loss of protective haptic feedback, and impaired volitional control of musculature. The societal burden and cost of medical care for these injuries are enormous, with estimates in the United States alone in excess of $670 million per year. In clinical scenarios with a segmental nerve gap where end-to-end coaptation without tension is not possible, a \"bridge\" or scaffold must be interposed to facilitate communication between the proximal and distal stumps to facilitate organized growth following Wallerian degeneration. A multitude of constructs have been created and studied to facilitate this regeneration. Among the three overall types of bridge employed in contemporary clinical care-conduit/scaffold, allograft, and autograft-each has significant downsides ranging from limited successful nerve ingrowth to donor site morbidity. Despite the tremendous work over the last 150 years in nerve biology and medical technology for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, the biological processes governing nerve regeneration remain incompletely understood. Especially in cases of long segmental gaps, there remains room for significant improvement. Ongoing studies have identified several promising modalities for nerve scaffolds to facilitate more efficient and effective neuronal outgrowth but still require further investigation. Here, we review contemporary paradigms in the treatment of segmental nerve injuries with interposing scaffolds and reexamine nerve physiology, regulatory programs in nerve regeneration, and strategic targets for neurogenic pathways that may facilitate novel treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":"528-551"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Designer Materials for Chronic Wound Healing.","authors":"Anish Vasan, Suntae Kim, Emily Davis, Daniel S Roh, Jeroen Eyckmans","doi":"10.1089/wound.2024.0108","DOIUrl":"10.1089/wound.2024.0108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance:</b> Nonhealing or chronic wounds represent a significant and growing global health concern, imposing substantial burdens on individuals, health care systems, and economies worldwide. Although the standard-of-care treatment involves the application of wound dressings, most dressing materials are not specifically designed to address the pathological processes underlying chronic wounds. This review highlights recent advances in biomaterial design tailored to chronic wound healing. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Chronic wounds are characterized by persistent inflammation, impaired granulation tissue formation, and delayed re-epithelialization. Newly developed designer materials aim to manage reactive oxygen species and extracellular matrix degradation to suppress inflammation while promoting vascularization, cell proliferation, and epithelial migration to accelerate tissue repair. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Designing optimal materials for chronic wounds remains challenging due to the diverse etiology and a multitude of pathological mechanisms underlying chronic wound healing. While designer materials can target specific aberrations, designing a materials approach that restores all aberrant wound-healing processes remains the Holy Grail. Addressing these issues requires a deep understanding of how cells interact with the materials and the complex etiology of chronic wounds. <b>Future Directions:</b> New material approaches that target wound mechanics and senescence to improve chronic wound closure are under development. Layered materials combining the best properties of the approaches discussed in this review will pave the way for designer materials optimized for chronic wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":"552-568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acellular Adipose Matrices Seem to Be an Effective and Safe Strategy for Soft Tissue Regeneration and Volume Restoration: A Systematic Review of Clinically Relevant Literature.","authors":"Manaav K S Mehta, Hanna E Englander, Ajay Rao, Nicholas Jarostchuk, Giorgio Giatsidis","doi":"10.1089/wound.2024.0076","DOIUrl":"10.1089/wound.2024.0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance:</b> Autologous adipose tissue grafting (AAG) can provide soft tissue reconstruction in congenital defects, traumatic injuries, cancer care, or cosmetic procedures; over 94,000 AAG procedures are performed in the United States every year. Despite its effectiveness, the efficiency of AAG is limited by unpredictable adipocyte survival, impacting graft volume retention (26-83%). <b>Recent Advances:</b> Acellular adipose matrices (AAMs) have emerged as a potential alternative to AAG. AAMs include adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors (GFs), but not cells. When grafted, AAMs serve as scaffolds with biochemical and biophysical cues for local cell (especially adipocytes) proliferation, regenerating soft tissue, and restoring volume. Being acellular, the AAM is not limited by adipocyte necrosis/apoptosis. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Research on AAM has mostly been conducted on small animal models and with small grafts. Clinically relevant AAM research (large animal models and/or clinical trials) is sparse and limited. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review of clinically relevant AAM literature to assess AAM's clinical efficacy and safety. Across 11 human and 1 porcine study involving reconstructive or cosmetic procedures, we found that AAMs resulted in significant volume retention, adipogenesis, and angiogenesis, without notable adverse effects. <b>Future Directions:</b> Available quantitative and qualitative data suggest that AAM is an effective and safe alternative to AAG. Yet, the current literature is still limited; more robustly designed studies with standardized methods to assess outcomes will help validate these positive preliminary findings, and possibly pave the way for a broader clinical adoption of AAM. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":"513-527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Skin Multicellular Reprogramming Factors as Potential Treatment for Nonhealing Diabetic Foot Ulcers.","authors":"Ahmed S Abouhashem, Sherine K Saber, Sara Abouzekry, Mohammed Elkholy, Ahmed Moustafa, Ahmed Abdellatif, Hassan M E Azzazy, Ahmed A Elbaz, Kanhaiya Singh, Chandan K Sen, Hossam Sharara","doi":"10.1177/21621918251376348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251376348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> In a complex environment such as that in a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), multiple factors, including cross talk between distinct cell types of the affected tissue, play a significant role. We identified a transcription factor (TF) cocktail that induces a transition from nonhealing to healing states across multiple cell types. <b>Approach:</b> Thirty-three skin and wound single-cell RNA-sequencing samples (85,928 cells) from patients with diabetes with healing or nonhealing DFU were analyzed (GSE165816). The relative activity of cell type-specific TF in healing versus nonhealing DFU was compared, and the cumulative additive effect of different TF cocktails was assessed. <b>Results:</b> We used a cumulative additive-effect approach to identify five transcription factors, FOS Like 2, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit (<i>FOSL2)</i>, CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 3 Like 1, RELB Proto-Oncogene, NF-KB Subunit, ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 (<i>ETS1</i>), and X-Box Binding Protein 1, whose targets include 66.5% of pro-healing genes and only 12.5% of anti-healing genes across all cell types. In vascular endothelial cells, this TF panel accounted for 95% of vasculature-development genes; in myeloid cells, it regulated 85% of antimicrobial-response genes. <i>In silico</i> knockout of <i>ETS1</i> or <i>FOSL2</i> shifted cells toward nonhealing states, whereas Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 knockout shifted endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and myeloid cells toward healing-associated state. <b>Innovation:</b> This work recognizes a TF panel that is likely to have therapeutic value in promoting healing in nonhealing DFU. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this work, we identified a set of candidate TFs with the potential to induce a cell state transition favoring a switch from nonhealing to healing outcomes in patients with nonhealing DFU. Overall, our gene regulatory network-driven TF cocktail provides a rational blueprint for reprogramming DFU cell states and paves the way toward targeted regenerative therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unique Roles of Adipose Tissue in Wound Healing.","authors":"Jennifer B Parker, Michelle Griffin, Deena Akras, Norah E Liang, Caleb Valencia, Annah G Morgan, Maxwell Kuhnert, Sarah E DiIorio, Michael T Longaker, Derrick C Wan","doi":"10.1177/21621918251383812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251383812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance:</b> Recognized for its role in energy storage and thermal insulation, white adipose tissue (WAT) has garnered increasing attention given its functions beyond metabolism. In particular, dermal and subcutaneous WATs have been shown to play critical roles in wound healing and scarring. This review proposes that dermal and subcutaneous adipose tissues are not passive bystanders but active regulators of wound healing and fibrosis. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Significant advances in wound healing biology have identified critical roles and signaling pathways that immune cells and fibroblasts are involved with in wound healing; however, fewer investigations have studied adipocytes in this context. This review focuses on the roles of WAT and specifically white adipocytes at different stages of wound healing: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. We also discuss applications of WAT and its derivatives as therapeutic strategies for improved wound healing. <b>Critical Issues and Future Directions:</b> With multiple fibrotic conditions associated with decreased adipose tissue, understanding the different ways by which adipocyte subpopulations and WAT participate in repair and fibrotic processes will help shed light on how we can modulate cellular response for future therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Transepidermal Water Loss at the Closed Wound Site Marks Compromised Functional Wound Closure and Associates with Wound Recurrence in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Prognostic Factor Study.","authors":"Brian M Schmidt, Cathie Spino, Charles Parks, Sashwati Roy, Gayle M Gordillo, Crystal M Holmes, Rodica Pop-Busui, Chandan K Sen","doi":"10.1177/21621918251382448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251382448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Wound closure is skin reepithelialization confirmed at two consecutive clinical visits 2 weeks apart. Our objective was to identify participant characteristics, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), associated with complete wound closure of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and reopening of a DFU within 2 weeks after initial closure in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases-sponsored Diabetic Foot Consortium TEWL prospective observational cohort study of wound recurrence. At the site of wound closure, TEWL measures restoration of skin barrier function and functional wound closure. <b>Approach:</b> Four hundred and sixty-six eligible participants had physician-assessed wound closure at baseline. Of which, 418 (90%) had confirmed closure 2 weeks later and remained in the study, whereas 29 had their DFU reopen 2 weeks later and were not eligible for follow-up (<i>i.e.,</i> screen failures). We compared baseline characteristics of 418 enrolled and 29 screen fail individuals using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests <i>p</i> value for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. <b>Results:</b> There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, including age, sex, race, education, employment status, social support, or dressing change requirements between groups. The failure to maintain closure group had longer median duration of index DFU before initial closure (25.8 vs. 14 weeks, <i>p</i> = 0.003), higher frequency of prior total contact casting use (37% vs. 14%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), and a higher median initial TEWL measurement at the healed ulcer midpoint (27.1 vs. 21.0 g/m^2/h, <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b>Innovation:</b> TEWL measurement at the site of wound closure can assess functional capacity of the skin in conjunction with current standards of wound closure end point in DFU and has significant potential to add quantitative measurement to assist in clinical assessment of healing wounds. <b>Conclusion:</b> Individuals with DFU who did not maintain wound closure had higher TEWL values at baseline, longer DFU wound duration, and more prior off-loading use. These findings are clinically relevant as a higher TEWL measurement demonstrates incomplete functional wound closure, supporting the use of TEWL to identify a healed DFU.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Autophagy: A Potential Player in Cutaneous Wound Healing.","authors":"Weixue Jin, Danyang Ren, Meirong Yu, Yi Li, Wei Zhang, Songxue Guo","doi":"10.1177/21621918251372954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251372954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Significance:</b> Refractory wounds are complicated multistep biological processes that can lead to severe complications in patients. Selective autophagy plays a crucial role in precisely controlling the quality of intracellular components and regulating biological behavior. This review explores the features and underlying mechanisms of various types of selective autophagy and highlights their implications in burn injury and wound healing. <b>Recent Advances:</b> In-depth studies have underscored the critical role of selective autophagy, including mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy, pexophagy, xenophagy, lysophagy, ferritinophagy, and lipophagy, in effectively controlling the quality of intracellular components and regulating biological behavior, which may enhance wound-healing process. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Autophagy is a housekeeping and self-renewal process that utilizes lysosomal machinery to degrade and recycle cellular components, thereby enhancing cellular adaptability to stressful conditions. In addition to nonselective bulk degradation, autophagy selectively recycles specific cell constituents, including mitochondria, ER, peroxisomes, pathogens, lysosomes, lipid droplets, and ferritin. The effective management of the quality of cellular components during wound healing remains a challenge in clinical practice. <b>Future Directions:</b> Understanding the basic mechanisms and intricate crosstalk underlying selective autophagy may facilitate the development of comprehensive strategies and therapeutic targets for wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Deficiency in the Electrical Current of Injury a Barrier to Healing in Hard-to-Heal Wounds? A Systematic Review with Implications for the TIMERS Paradigm.","authors":"Jenny Smith, Richard Nuccitelli, Min Zhao, Leanne Atkin, Caroline Dowsett, Hervé Maillard, Terry Swanson, Jacqui Fletcher, Harikrishna K R Nair, Keryln Carville, Robin Martin, Emma Woodmansey","doi":"10.1177/21621918251373053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21621918251373053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Endogenous bioelectric signaling (including transepidermal potential [TEP] and the current of injury) plays a fundamental role in normal wound repair. Despite this, commonly used wound management frameworks do not consider this important driver of healing. The objectives of this review are to explore whether the patient characteristics/pathologies common in delayed healing are associated with weakened electrical properties of the skin and to consider whether compromised currents of injury are a barrier to healing that could be addressed with electrical stimulation therapy (EST) and incorporated into existing frameworks. <b>Approach:</b> This systematic review of PubMed was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and aimed to explore the impact of three characteristics associated with delayed healing (older age, diabetes, and chronic inflammation) on the electrical properties of skin/wounds. <b>Results:</b> Twelve relevant studies were identified, revealing that TEP in older or diabetic people is significantly lower, and the current of injury is approximately half that of young, healthy controls. <b>Innovation:</b> Lower currents of injury are associated with slower wound healing; therefore, the reduced current of injury/TEP identified here can be considered a barrier to healing. EST is designed to boost the weakened current of injury, back up to normal levels, stimulating a healing response. The incorporation of EST into existing wound management frameworks is therefore proposed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Endogenous bioelectrical signaling in the wound healing process appears to be compromised particularly in older people and those with diabetes. Patients may benefit from incorporating treatment with EST, which boosts bioelectrical signaling, into relevant wound treatment frameworks. [Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":7413,"journal":{"name":"Advances in wound care","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}