Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America最新文献_第6页

Genetic variances, heritability, and correlation studies on selected phenotypic traits in a backcross breeding program involving normal and opaque-2 maize 普通玉米和不透明2号玉米回交育种项目中选择表型性状的遗传变异、遗传力和相关研究

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.7.287.291

K. Tengan, K. Obeng-antwi

{"title":"Genetic variances, heritability, and correlation studies on selected phenotypic traits in a backcross breeding program involving normal and opaque-2 maize","authors":"K. Tengan, K. Obeng-antwi","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.7.287.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.7.287.291","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to study the gene action, broad and narrow sense heritabilities, and interrelationships among five selected traits of maize including, plant height (PHT), ear height (EHT), cob length (COL), cob diameter (COD), and number of rows per cob (ROC). The obtained results indicated that all estimates of additive (VA) and dominance (VD) variances were positive for all characteristics with the exception of additive variance for cob diameter (COD), dominance variance (VD) being highly significant. The magnitude of VD was consistently larger than that of VA for all characteristics. High broad sense heritability estimates were detected for plant height (95%), ear height (81%), Cob length (75%), number of rows per cob (50%), emphasizing that the dominance genetic variance was the major component of genetic variation in the inheritance of these traits and the effectiveness of selection for improving these traits. However, moderate to low narrow sense heritability estimates were obtained for plant height (24%), ear height (34%) and cob length (4%). These results indicated the importance of choosing suitable segregating generations for exhibiting the best expression of genes of the different traits studied. Correlations among traits indicated that plant height was positively and significantly associated with ear height (0.82) in the recurrent parent population, (0.77) in the donor parent, and (0.73%) in the F1 generation. The F2 generation as well as the BC1 and BC2 generations recorded some levels of negative correlations among the traits studied.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86517165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effects of mulching materials on agronomic characteristics, pests of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and their natural enemies population 覆盖材料对辣椒农艺性状、害虫及其天敌种群的影响

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.253.261

M. B. Mochiah, P. Baidoo

{"title":"Effects of mulching materials on agronomic characteristics, pests of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and their natural enemies population","authors":"M. B. Mochiah, P. Baidoo","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.253.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.253.261","url":null,"abstract":"The trial was to study the effect of different mulching materials on agronomic characteristics, pests and their subsequent effect on the natural enemies of the pests of pepper (Capsicum annuum). A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), between December, 2010 and March, 2011. The mulching materials used were (1) straw mulch, (2) plastic mulch and (3) live-mulch of cowpea plant. The experimental field contained fifteen plots using a randomised complete block design in three replications. Parameters measured were pests of Capsicum annuum, some natural enemies of the pests, days to 50% flowering, plant height, plant girth, damage caused and yield assessment which included damaged fruits caused by the pests, number of fruits, fruit weight (in grams), and percentage increase in fruit yield. Plant height was seemingly highest under straw mulched soils. Straw mulch also flowered early as compared to the live-mulch of cowpea and plastic mulch but the margin was narrow. None of the mulches exhibited higher pest suppression ability over the other. However, Straw mulch had apparently larger population of natural enemies than the other treatments. Damaged fruits in the three mulching materials did not differ significantly. Control plot soils had significantly (P<0.05) higher temperatures than the mulched soils. The results indicated that straw mulch enhanced plant height and increased fruit number and percentage yield whilst live-mulch of cowpea and plastic mulch reduced plant height, fruit number and percentage yield. Data generated in this study have shown that cowpea mulch may be more effective in suppressing pest populations of pepper but straw mulch may provide a better refuge for the natural enemies and should be recommended as an integral option for pest management in pepper production.\u0000Ad you may be interested in\u0000Full-text","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74500244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Soil compaction on skid trails after selective logging in moist evergreen forest of Ghana 加纳潮湿常绿森林中选择性采伐后滑道上的土壤压实

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.262.264

A. Alexander

引用次数: 15

A prelimenary study on the population estimation of the periwinkles Tympanotonus fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pachymelania aurita (Muller) at the Rumuolumeni mangrove swamp creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日三角洲Rumuolumeni红树林沼泽溪中长尾叶莺(Tympanotonus fuscatus, Linnaeus, 1758)和厚尾叶莺(Pachymelania aurita, Muller)种群估计的初步研究

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.265.270

F. G. Bob-manuel

引用次数: 9

Comparative evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Chamomile recutita in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats 迷迭香与洋甘菊对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠抗糖尿病活性的比较评价

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.247.252

M. Emam

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Chamomile recutita in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","authors":"M. Emam","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.247.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.6.247.252","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal formulations are getting more importance in the treatment of diabetes, cancer and hepatic disorder because of the hazardous adverse effects of the current therapy. Especially diabetes can be controlled by Allopathic medicine as well as Herbal medicine. A comparison was made between the antidiabetic activities of water extracts of leaves of Rosmarinus Officinalist and Chamomile recutitain Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Serum Fasting blood glucose and other biochemical parameters such as total protein; carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme; α – amylase, total antioxidant capacity, liversteoteosis; total cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, were determined at the dose 200 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. There is a significant increase decrease in serum fasting blood glucose (p<0.001) , increase in body weight and improvement in the other biochemical parameters with treatment of herbal formulations which altered in diabetic rats There was a significant decrease in serum glucose level (p<0.001), increase in body weight and changes in normal cells was observed with treatment of the above mentioned extracts which altered in diabetic rats as compared to the control rats standard.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89050260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of aqueous ethanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves and Treculia africana root bark and their mixture on alloxan diabetic rats 四氧嘧啶型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖、降血脂作用

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-06-01 DOI: 10.5251/abjna.2012.3.6.237.246

S. Ogbonnia, E. Anyika

{"title":"Antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of aqueous ethanol extract of Tapinanthus globiferus leaves and Treculia africana root bark and their mixture on alloxan diabetic rats","authors":"S. Ogbonnia, E. Anyika","doi":"10.5251/abjna.2012.3.6.237.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2012.3.6.237.246","url":null,"abstract":"The plants Treculia africana and Tapinanthus globiferus are ethnobotanically used in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes and heart diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia which leads to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. The effects of aqueous ethanol (96%) extracts of T. africana leaves and Tapinanthus globiferus plants and their mixture, in an equal proportion, were evaluated on postprandial glycemic status. Four groups of normal rats were treated with the extracts at a dose 250mg/kg each, their mixture (1:1), at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight, 0.5ml of acacia (2%w/v) and then charged with glucose (40%) at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight. Plasma sugar contents were analyzed from the blood collected from the tail vein at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min intervals. Also glycemic status and serum lipid profiles of normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Five groups of alloxan-induced diabetic (150 mg/kg ip) rats were treated with the extracts and the (1:1) mixture at a dose of 500 mg/kg, respectively for 21 days. Significant reduction (p≤0.05) in both postprandial blood glucose but not in alloxan-induced diabetes blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels, low density lipoprotein (LDL) level, and increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) level were observed in the mixture. This scientific finding does not support the basis for the herbal use of mixture of T. africana and Tapinanthus globiferus in the management of diabetes and heart diseases.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82983775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Release of three improved varieties for the expanded potato market in Kenya 在肯尼亚为扩大马铃薯市场发布了三个改良品种

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.192.197

J. Landeo, J. Onditi, E. Sikinyi, S. Nderitu, J. Kabira, G. Abong’

{"title":"Release of three improved varieties for the expanded potato market in Kenya","authors":"J. Landeo, J. Onditi, E. Sikinyi, S. Nderitu, J. Kabira, G. Abong’","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.192.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.192.197","url":null,"abstract":"Current potato varieties have not fully met the market demands of the rapidly expanding Kenyan potato industry. Newer varieties with tolerance to the major diseases, higher yields, better storability and processing qualities are therefore required. Through a collaborative research, six promising late blight tolerant clones initially from the International Potato Centre (CIP) were evaluated in National Performance Trials (NPT) in six potato growing regions. Three clones, namely: 393385.39, 393371.58 and 391691.96 were released by the National Variety Release Committee (NVRC) under the respective names of Sherekea, Kenya Mpya and Purple Gold. Sherekea had high yields (40-50T/ha), high tolerance to late blight and to major viruses, attractive red skin color, good storability, good cooking and processing qualities. Kenya Mpya had high yields (35-45 T/ha), high resistance to late blight, good chipping and mashing quality, short dormancy (75-90 days), early tuber bulking and early physiological maturity (90-105 days). Purple Gold had moderate to high yields, excellent crisping and good chipping, Table, cooking and mashing qualities, long dormancy and very good storability. The new varieties are expected to respond to various demands of the potato industry while increasing the varietal options available to the farmers.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87233700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Biology of Ceroplastes rusci L. (Coccoidea: Lecanidae) on fig tree, Ficus carica L. in the area of Médéa (Algeria) 阿尔及利亚姆萨达萨达地区无花果树上褐蜡蚧的生物学研究(球虫总科:鳞虫科)

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.208.212

M. Biche, R. Belguendouz

引用次数: 1

Upland rice based intercropping system among farmers in selected villages in Ogun State in South West of Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部奥贡州选定村庄农民的旱稻间作制度

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/abjna.2012.3.5.225.232

C. Okonji, O. Emmanuel

引用次数: 9

Production of Gliricidia and Leucaena– based multi-nutrient blocks as supplementary ruminant feed resource in South Western Nigeria 在尼日利亚西南部生产以滑石属和Leucaena为基础的多营养块作为补充反刍动物饲料资源

Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.213.220

P. Aye

{"title":"Production of Gliricidia and Leucaena– based multi-nutrient blocks as supplementary ruminant feed resource in South Western Nigeria","authors":"P. Aye","doi":"10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.213.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/ABJNA.2012.3.5.213.220","url":null,"abstract":"The energy, protein and minerals contained in agricultural wastes can be made available for feed supplementation of ruminants through production of multinutrient blocks (MNBs). Fibrous residues obtained from leaf protein concentrate of Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium leaves fractionation were used to produce MNBs as follows: Leucaena + Poultry manure (LPMNB); Leucaena + Urea + Poultry manure (LUPMNB); Leucaena + Urea (LUMNB); Gliricidia + poultry manure (GPMNB); Gliricidia + Urea + poultry manure (GUPMNB) and Gliricidia + Urea (GUMNB). The proximate analysis and energy contents of multinutrient blocks (MNBs) showed that GUMNB contained the highest crude protein while GPMNB contained the least. The ash content was least in LPMNB and highest in GPMNB while LUMMB contained the least crude fibre but highest in GUPMNB. The ether extract values were 44.1+0.01, 65.1+0.01, 70.2+0.01, 81.9+0.01, 91.1+0.15 g kg -1 for LUMNB, LPMNB, LUPMNB, GPMNB, GUPMNB, respectively while the nitrogen free extract (NFE) values varied from 247.3+1.11g kg -1 DM in GUMNB to 523.8+6.28g kg -1 DM in LPMNB. The gross energy (GE) contents for GPMNB, LPMNB, LUPMNB, GUPMNB, LUMNB, GUMNB were 11.67, 12.74, 13.58, 14.56, 15.33, 15.48 MJ kg -1 respectively.Calcium was the most abundant (737.50g kg -1 to 971.40g kg -1 ) but the values were higher in Leucaena-based MNBS. The anti-nutrients of the multinutrient blocks are total polyphenols (as tannic acid equivalent), Phytin-P and oxalate.","PeriodicalId":7409,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88628817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4