Polymer Science, Series B最新文献

{"title":"Free-Radical Copolymerization of Methacrylic Acid and Isoprene: Reactivities of Monomers and Microstructure of Resulting Copolymers","authors":"A. V. Komin","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601426","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reactivity ratios have been determined for the free-radical copolymerization of methacrylic acid (<i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₁) and isoprene (<i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₂) in 1,4-dioxane. The reactivity ratios calculated according to the extended Kelen–Tüdõs method and the method recommended by IUPAC are found to be <i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₁ = 1.12 ± 0.26 and <i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₂ = 0.59 ± 0.22 and <i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₁ = 1.10 (‒0.15 +0.22) and <i>r</i>\u0000\t\t\t\t\t\t₂ = 0.60 (‒0.04 +0.05), respectively. Approaches to determining the configuration of isoprene units using ¹H NMR spectroscopy data are considered. It was established that up to 97% of isoprene units in macromolecules predominantly occur in 1,4-<i>trans</i> configuration. The content of 3,4-units is twice that of 1,2-units and does not exceed 4%. It was shown that macromolecules contain homosequences of comonomer units. 3,4-Units of isoprene are surrounded predominantly by <i>trans</i>-units. Based on the data of ¹H NMR spectroscopy and copolymerization reactivity ratios, a conclusion is made about the configuration of macromolecules as a whole. The dependence of the Harwood run number (microblockiness parameter) the average length of homosequences of units in macromolecules on the composition of the monomer mixture was revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards High-Performance MoO3–Polymer Hybrids: Correlating Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Stability","authors":"Ouiddad Saiah,&nbsp;Leila Mouacher,&nbsp;Faiza Zahaf,&nbsp;Aicha Hachemaoui,&nbsp;Ahmed Yahiaoui,&nbsp;Haroun Houicha","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601438","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of HCl-doped poly(3-bromoaniline)/MoO₃, polypyrrole/MoO₃, and poly(3-bromoaniline-<i>co</i>-pyrrole)/MoO₃ nanocomposites prepared via chemical oxidative in situ polymerization to enhance thermal stability and morphological properties. Structural investigations by FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed successful doping and chemical interactions between the polymers and MoO₃. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the preservation of the orthorhombic α-MoO₃ crystalline phase across all composites, with peak broadening indicative of polymer-induced lattice strain and reduced crystallite size due to acid treatment and polymer embedding. Morphological examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed exfoliated MoO₃ nanobelts uniformly dispersed within hierarchically porous polymer matrices, promoting increased surface area and ion accessibility. Thermal analyses via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and distinct degradation behaviors relative to pristine polymers, attributed to robust polymer–inorganic interfacial interactions that enhance composite stability. These findings suggest that the hybrid nanocomposites, combining enhanced thermal robustness and tunable morphology, are promising for energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors, and thermally stable conductive coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Pot Hydrogenation of 5-Ethyl-2-norbornene Metathesis Oligomer Synthesized in the Presence of Ethylene","authors":"V. R. Nazemutdinova,&nbsp;A. A. Morontsev,&nbsp;K. S. Sadovnikov,&nbsp;A. I. Wozniak,&nbsp;M. V. Bermeshev","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601414","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metathesis and hydrogenated oligomers of 5-ethyl-2-norbornene were prepared via tandem synthesis: metathesis polymerization in the presence of first- and second-generation Grubbs catalysts in an ethylene atmosphere and subsequent one-pot hydrogenation. The structure of metathesis and modified products was studied using ¹Н and ¹³С NMR spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The effect of the catalyst type on the molecular weight and ratio of components in a mixture of metathesis and hydrogenated oligomers, as well as the effect of the molecular weight on the glass transition temperature of the products, was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilizers of Some Polymer Materials Based on Sterically Hindered Phenols","authors":"Ch. K. Rasulov,&nbsp;I. H. Ayyubov,&nbsp;S. T. Rustamov,&nbsp;M. V. Naghiyeva,&nbsp;G. Z. Heydarli","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601256","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stabilizers of polymer materials are used to solve the problem of polymer degradation and durability. Over time, environmental elements such as heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen can destroy or damage the polymer material, and in this regard, polymer stabilizers play a protective role. Polymer stabilizers must be durable and withstand certain climatic conditions well throughout their service life. With the correct application of these stabilizers, the overall performance, durability, and safety are significantly improved, as the applied stabilizers guarantee the resilience and durability of the polymer material, preventing the deterioration of its physical and mechanical properties caused by external influences. In recent years, sterically hindered phenols and their functionally substituted derivatives, which can act as antioxidants, heat stabilizers, and other types of stabilizing compounds, have been increasingly used as such stabilizers. This paper analyzes the results of research in the field of developing new effective stabilizers for a number of polymer materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The main advantages and disadvantages of the described stabilizers are shown, and the results of the authors' own research in the field of obtaining new effective stabilizers are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Soluble Aromatic Oligoazomethine Synthesized Using Maghnite-H+ for Organic Electronics","authors":"Yamina Ghillal,&nbsp;Hammou Gherras,&nbsp;Ahmed Yahiaoui,&nbsp;Aicha Hachemaoui,&nbsp;Abdelkader Belfedal,&nbsp;Ali Alsalme,&nbsp;Abdelkader Dehbi,&nbsp;Massimo Messori","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601268","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a conjugated oligoazomethine was synthesized via polycondensation of terephthaldehyde and <i>p</i>-phenylenediamine, aiming to develop a thermally stable, solution-processable, and semiconductive oligomer with potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The resulting oligomer exhibited a π‑conjugated backbone with azomethine (C=N) linkages, confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a red-shift in absorption, with an optical band gap of 2.69 eV, indicating semiconductive behavior. Structural analysis using XRD showed semicrystalline characteristics, while TGA demonstrated good thermal stability with decomposition onset at 455°C. SEM images revealed a rough, globular surface morphology with porous features. Oligomer yield was optimized by varying reaction parameters, with a maximum yield of 95.1% achieved at room temperature using 5% Maghnite-H⁺ as a catalyst over 24 hours. Solubility tests confirmed good compatibility with organic solvents. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated a room temperature conductivity of 2.1 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm and an activation energy of 0.24 eV, placing oligoazomethine in the category of organic semiconductors. These properties suggest the synthesized oligo-azomethine is a promising candidate for use in optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic, Covalent, and Covalent-Ionic Chitosan Hydrogels with 5-Norbornene-2,3-Dicarboxylic Crosslinker","authors":"G. R. Mingaleeva,&nbsp;T. D. Abdurahimov,&nbsp;I. N. Korolev,&nbsp;V. Z. Mingaleev","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601244","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionic, covalent, covalent-ionic hydrogels of chitosan and 5-norbornene-dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride as crosslinker were obtained. The developed synthetic routes of ionic and covalent crosslinking of chitosan make it possible to have a significant effect on the molecular structure of polymer networks of hydrogels, their rheological properties, and ability to swell at various pH. The concentration of the crosslinker is an additional factor in the directional regulation of the listed properties of hydrogels in intervals, the boundaries of which are set by the nature of chemical bonds in crosslinkers. The results obtained make it possible to predict and select the optimal samples for the development and improvement of hydrogel materials based on chitosan for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Polymerization of Norbornene and Its Derivatives in the Presence of Catalytic Systems Based on Methylpalladium Complexes with Phosphine-Thioether Ligands","authors":"G. O. Karpov,&nbsp;M. K. Mangov,&nbsp;M. V. Bermeshev","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601232","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of catalytic systems based on palladium complexes with phosphine-thioether ligands has been investigated in the additive polymerization of norbornene and its derivatives. The effects of the solvent nature and monomer concentration on the yield of the additive polynorbornenes synthesized in the presence of pre-catalysts of the (P,S)Pd(CH₃)Cl structure, activated using AgSbF₆, have been established. Cationic palladium complexes of the [(P,S)Pd(CH₃)(L)]⁺(X)⁻ composition (where L = CH₃CN, DMSO, or 3,5-lutidine; X = BF₄, SbF₆) have been synthesized for the first time and characterized by means of ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Additive polymerization of norbornene in the presence of these cationic complexes has been investigated. The effect of the labile ligand and the counterion on the activity of the cationic palladium phosphine-thioether complexes in the additive polymerization of norbornene has been established. The activity of palladium cationic complexes in additive polymerization is significantly affected by the addition of B(C₆F₅)₃, which binds the ligand L and promotes the dissociation of the complex into its active form.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible-Polyester Cross-linked Epoxy Elastomers Based on Dynamic Ester Bonds: High Toughness and Reprocessability","authors":"Caixia Zhao,&nbsp;Tian Fu,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu,&nbsp;Wang Qin,&nbsp;Yaqi Yang,&nbsp;Xun Wu","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601013","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epoxy vitrimers with high cross-linking density and rigid structures were synthesized by reacting of epoxy monomers containing rigid benzene rings with small-molecule curing agents. While the poor toughness (elongation at break ~10%) of epoxy vitrimers limited their applications in the fields of sealing, vibration damping, and impact resistance. In this study, bisphenol A epoxy resin (E44) was employed as the epoxy monomer, and carboxyl-terminated polybutylene adipate (PBA, <i>M</i>_n = 1700–5200) with flexible long chains was used as the curing agent to prepare E44/PBA epoxy elastomers containing dynamic ester bonds. Studies showed that as the molecular weight of PBA increased, the cross-linking density gradually decreased, while the crystallinity progressively increased, thereby influencing the thermal stability, mechanical properties and flexibility of E44/PBA networks. E44/PBA exhibited good thermal stability <i>T</i>_i (306–329°C) and high flexibility ε_b (295.12–553.94%). Among them, E44/PBA₁₇₀₀ demonstrated excellent self-healing, welding, and reprocessability, owing to the highest cross-linking density and abundant β-OH ester bonds, which readily allowed the topological network rearrangement of the epoxy networks. The scratch on E44/PBA₁₇₀₀ could be almost completely healed at 180°C for 30 min. Moreover, the welded E44/PBA₁₇₀₀ exhibited a load-bearing capacity of 200 g after welding at 160°C for 10 min, which was 450 times its own weight. This work supplied a feasible method to prepare epoxy elastomers with high toughness, self-healing, and recyclability.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Mechanical and Thermal Properties in Boron-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Fibers","authors":"Kai Yang,&nbsp;Keke Ma,&nbsp;Heng Liu,&nbsp;Mingyue Zou,&nbsp;Senhao Wang,&nbsp;Quan Diao,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Mingli Jiao","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425600986","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425600986","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, boron was added to urea-formaldehyde resin’s structure, dry spinning and heat curing were then used to create boron-modified urea-formaldehyde fiber (BUFF). Which improved the fracture strength and toughness of urea-formaldehyde fibers. The chemical and morphological characteristics of the resultant fiber samples were investigated utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (¹³C NMR). The thermal stability properties of various fibers were examined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while their tensile strength was assessed using a tensile tester. The results demonstrated that boron was incorporated into the urea-formaldehyde molecules via B‒O bonds, which subsequently enhanced the three-dimensional network cross-linking within the fibers. This incorporation significantly improved the mechanical properties of the urea-formaldehyde fibers. The breaking strength of urea-formaldehyde fibers, thermally cured at 180°C for 20 min with the addition of 4% boric acid, was determined to be 481 MPa, reflecting a 138% enhancement over the original strength. The elongation at break was measured at 7.0%, indicating a 94% improvement from the initial value. Moreover, the thermal properties of the fibers were significantly improved, evidenced by a 20°C increase in the onset decomposition temperature and a residual carbon content of 28.47%.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship between Environmental Physical Factors and the Toxicity Index of Waste Components from Solar Panels","authors":"I. Vezhenkova,&nbsp;M. Semenova,&nbsp;M. Rocio Rodríguez-Barroso,&nbsp;R. Jiménez Castañeda,&nbsp;N. Davydova,&nbsp;M. Keshtov,&nbsp;A. Khokhlov","doi":"10.1134/S1560090425601104","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1560090425601104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid expansion in the adoption of renewable energy sources, particularly through the use of photovoltaic panels, highlights the pressing issue of recycling these modules making it increasingly relevant today. Currently, approximately 90% of solar panels reach the end of their lifecycle through burial. The polymer components found in crystalline solar panels, such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl fluoride, pose substantial environmental risks when disposed of in landfills. In this study, we investigated the toxicity associated with the polymer components of polycrystalline solar panels at the end of their operational lifespan. Our goal was to illuminate the correlation between the toxicity of these materials and various environmental factors. We primarily utilized biotesting techniques, drawing upon the chemotactic responses of the protozoan <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>, which allows for the detection of even trace amounts of substances that may be missed by other analytical approaches. The impact of poorly soluble compounds, such as the polymer materials found in solar panels, has not yet been investigated using this test organism. Following our experiments, we conducted a statistical analysis to evaluate how the toxicity levels found in polymer waste correlate with factors such as exposure duration, temperature, and sample fraction size. Our analysis highlighted significant factors influencing the fluctuation of toxicity indices in the components of end-of-life solar panels, leading to the creation of models that illustrate changes in toxicity with varying temperature and extraction time. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) confirmed that exposure time is the most significant factor increasing the toxicity index (<i>T</i>) of polymers. The obtained logarithmic models (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.94) predict an increase in the toxicity of leaching of panel components in landfills, which indicates the environmental risks of their disposal and the need to develop disposal regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":739,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series B","volume":"67 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}