Journal of the National Cancer Center最新文献

{"title":"The role of exosomes in bladder cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Mohammad Mousaei Ghasroldasht,&nbsp;Piyush K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bladder cancer remains a significant global health challenge, requiring repeated treatments and surveillance and potentially morbid therapies, particularly in advanced and recurrent stages. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles central to intercellular communication, have emerged as innovative tools in cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and therapy. Their role in modulating the immune response and the tumor microenvironment makes them particularly attractive for cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of exosome biology, with a focus on their role in immune modulation and potential therapeutic applications. We explore the progress and challenges of exosome-based immunotherapy in cancer, followed by a discussion on the current state of bladder cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, we highlight the roles of exosomes in bladder cancer, emphasizing their diagnostic and prognostic applications. Despite promising preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials in other cancers, exosome-based therapies remain underexplored in bladder cancer. We discuss the current clinical trials related to exosomes in bladder cancer and propose their potential future role in immunotherapy. Finally, we address the challenges and opportunities in translating exosome-based therapies from bench to bedside, emphasizing the need for further preclinical and clinical investigations. This review emphasized the potential of exosome-based immunotherapy as a transformative approach for bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 252-266"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year conditional relative survival up to 10 years post-diagnosis among adolescent and young adult breast cancer patients by age, stage, and receptor subtype","authors":"Noëlle J.M.C. Vrancken Peeters ,&nbsp;Daniël J. van der Meer ,&nbsp;Marleen Kok ,&nbsp;Marissa C. van Maaren ,&nbsp;Marie-Jeanne T.F.D. Vrancken Peeters ,&nbsp;Sabine Siesling ,&nbsp;Winette T.A. van der Graaf ,&nbsp;Olga Husson","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Conditional relative survival (CRS), the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis, is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival (RS). This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult (AYA) breast cancer patients by age, tumor stage, and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021 (<em>n</em> = 13,075) were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90 % from diagnosis and increased beyond 95 % 7 years post-diagnosis. Patients aged 18–24 reached 95 % 9 years post-diagnosis, those aged 25–29 after 5 years, and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years. For stage I, the 5-year CRS reached 95 % from diagnosis, for stage II after 6 years, while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95 % threshold during the 10-year follow-up. Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95 % after 4 years, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumors after 6 years, while hormone receptor (HR) positive tumors did not reach 95 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little (CRS 90 %–95 %) from diagnosis and becomes minimal (CRS&gt;95 %) over time compared to the general population. These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers, suggesting a shorter disclosure period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent trends in the burden of esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers in China","authors":"Yongjie Xu,&nbsp;Changfa Xia,&nbsp;Jiachen Wang,&nbsp;Yujie Wu,&nbsp;Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While China’s socioeconomic transformation has driven divergent trends in gastrointestinal cancers, comprehensive data on esophageal, gastric, and liver cancer burden remain limited. This study examines the global burden of esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers in 2022 and analyzes the trends of age-standardized incidence and mortality rate (ASRs) in China from 2000 to 2018, thereby providing evidence for the formulation of cancer control strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The global burden of esophageal, gastric and liver cancers including the estimated number of cases and deaths and the ASRs for incidence and mortality were from GLOBALCAN 2022 dataset. Data from 22 cancer registries in China were employed for the trend analysis of the ASRs for incidence and mortality of these three cancers. The Joinpoint model was used to compute the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence and mortality of the three cancers from 2000 to 2018.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Globally, esophageal, gastric and liver cancers accounted for 11.8 % of incident cancer cases and 19.1 % of cancer deaths. China bore a disproportionately high burden, representing 43.8 %, 37.0 %, and 42.4 % of global esophageal, gastric, and liver cancer cases respectively, and 42.1 %, 39.4 %, and 41.7 % of corresponding deaths. However, the ASRs for incidence and mortality for all three cancers declined significantly in China (2000–2018), with absolute case numbers decreasing for gastric and esophageal cancers during 2010–2022. Age-specific analysis revealed most pronounced declines in incidence and mortality in populations under 40 years old, with AAPCs of less than –6.0 % for esophageal cancer, around –4.0 % for gastric cancer, and approximately –2.0 % for liver cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>China has achieved remarkable progress in controlling esophageal, gastric and liver cancers, yet these malignancies remain major public health challenges. Future efforts should intensify existing prevention measures while expanding screening programs, particularly for aging populations. These findings offer valuable insights for regions undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 306-312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming cancer treatment resistance: Unraveling the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts","authors":"Xiaoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yinuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yingzhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengqian Li ,&nbsp;Fuliang Liu ,&nbsp;Anni Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Gao ,&nbsp;Chen Wu ,&nbsp;Hang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resistance to cancer treatment is a major clinical obstacle, being strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical elements of the TME. CAFs are heterogeneous and are activated through diverse pathways. These CAFs engage in reciprocal interactions with tumor cells, driving tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we discuss the role of CAFs in the development of tumor resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Besides, we summarize recent clinical trials in CAF-targeted therapies. The development of resistance involves physical barrier formation, metabolic reprogramming, exosome release, DNA repair, bypass pathway activation, multidrug resistance protein upregulation, and immune checkpoint inhibition. Challenges remain in addressing drug resistance despite the therapeutic potential of targeting CAFs: the cellular origins of CAFs need to be clarified, and their limited clinical applications need to be increased. Future studies should focus on elucidating the reasons for CAF heterogeneity, developing precise targeting strategies, and validating the clinical safety and efficacy of CAF-based therapies to overcome treatment resistance and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 237-251"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN","authors":"Yunmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuting Ji ,&nbsp;Siwen Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Qianyun Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Duan ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Feng ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Yacong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhangyan Lyu ,&nbsp;Fangfang Song ,&nbsp;Fengju Song ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Yubei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality vary significantly across countries, highlighting the need to update the global burden of female BC, including current trends and future projections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were sourced from GLOBOCAN 2022, including estimated new cases and deaths from BC across 21 United Nation (UN) regions and 185 countries, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR), the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC), and demographic projections through 2050. The region-specific and country-specific BC burden for women of all ages and for young women (&lt; 40 years old) was reorganized and re-plotted to highlight subgroup differences. Linear regression was used to explore the link between ASIR/ASMR and the human development index (HDI). Transitioning countries referred to those with low or medium HDI, while transitioned countries were those with high or very high HDI.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2022, an estimated 2.3 million new BC cases and 666,000 BC-related deaths occurred globally, accounting for 23.8 % and 15.4 % of all cancer cases and deaths in women, respectively. Regionally, Eastern Asia reported the highest number of cases (480,019, ASIR: 37.54/100,000), while South-Central Asia had the highest number of deaths (135,348, ASMR: 13.41/100,000). At the country level, China had the highest number of cases due to its large population, whereas India reported the highest number of deaths. ASIR for both overall and early-onset BC increased with HDI, while ASMR for early-onset BC decreased with HDI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Overall BC showed an increasing trend in ASIR during 2003–2015 (EAPC: 0.92 %) and a decreasing trend in ASMR during 2006–2016 (EAPC:-1.06 %). Early-onset BC showed a more significant rise in ASIR (EAPCs: 1.4 %) and a slight increase in ASMR (EAPCs: 0.16 %). If national rates remain stable, BC cases and deaths will increase by 54.7 % and 70.9 %, respectively, by 2050. Notably, increased early-onset BC cases are only observed in transitioning countries, while decreased cases are seen in transitioned countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Breast cancer remains the leading cancer burden in women, particularly in transitioning countries. Addressing this growing burden requires urgent integration of primary prevention, early detection and high-quality treatment through multi-sectoral collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global cancer burdens related to human behaviors in 1990–2044: a population-based cross-sectional and forecast study","authors":"Weiqiu Jin ,&nbsp;Kaichen Huang ,&nbsp;Mengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Longlin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanruo Huang ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Tian ,&nbsp;Hongda Zhu ,&nbsp;Ningyuan Zou ,&nbsp;Hanbo Pan ,&nbsp;Wendi Xuzhang ,&nbsp;Long Jiang ,&nbsp;Jia Huang ,&nbsp;Qingquan Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Ye ,&nbsp;Zheng Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human behaviors and tumors go hand in hand. The wave of globalization has brought about a global homogenization of human behaviors, which further triggers a potential global human behavior-related cancer burden (HBRCB) convergence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study systematically evaluated the global, regional, and national metrics of HBRCBs over the last 30 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 results and the WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed the global remission and convergence of HBRCB in the last three decades and the foreseeable future (2020–2044). Overall, HBRCBs are decreasing with the global emphasis on positive dietary habits, safe sex, substance addiction withdrawal, and active physical exercise habits. Globally, from 1990 to 2019, with the development of social development index (SDI) level from 0.511 to 0.651, the HBRCBs had been decreasing from 1507.908 to 1145.344 in age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDALY) and from 61.467 to 49.449 in (age-standardized death rates) ASDR per 100,000 population with changes of −24.04 % and −19.55 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the variance in HBRCBs among countries and territories generally showed a decreasing or flat trend. The variance of HBRCBs among 204 countries and territories in 2019–2044 decreased from 1495.210 to 449.202 in males and from 214.640 to 78.848 in females for ASDR due to all behavior risks, and from 911,211.676 to 317,233.590 in males and from 146,171.660 to 62,926.660 in females for ASDALY. The global HBRCBs was becoming more uniform due to the globalization of human behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study revealed the significance of addressing HBRCBs as a uniform and continuous issue in future global health promotion. It also demonstrated the potential existence of a chain effect in global health, where globalization leads to human behavior homogenization, which in turn results in HBRCB convergence. Properly measuring the commonalities and individualities among different regions and finding a balance when designing and evaluating HBRCB-related global policies in the global convergence trend of HBRCBs will be major concerns in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 346-356"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential reduction of global colorectal cancer, 1990–2021","authors":"Zilin Luo ,&nbsp;Xuesi Dong ,&nbsp;Le Wang ,&nbsp;Yadi Zheng ,&nbsp;Chenran Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongjie Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Cao ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Lingbin Du ,&nbsp;Ni Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Primary prevention targeting modifiable risk factors would reduce the global burden of colorectal cancer, but the quantitative results are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors and quantify the potential increase in life expectancy resulting from the elimination of these risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we examined colorectal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to modifiable risk factors (including smoking, diet low in whole grains, diet low in milk, diet high in red meat, diet low in calcium, diet high in processed meat, and diet low in fiber) at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021. The abridged period life table method was utilized to quantify the potential gain in life expectancy from eliminating these risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Globally in 2021, 57.1 % of colorectal cancer deaths and 56.4 % of disability-adjusted life years were preventable, with rates of 7.55 (4.94–9.64) and 174.67 (114.54–222.24) per 100,000 population, respectively. The modifiable burden has diminished in the high, high-middle, and low socio-demographic index quintiles and remained steady in the middle one. However, there is a concerning increase in the low-middle one. In 2021, the elimination of global colorectal cancer attributed to modifiable factors would increase the life expectancy for males and females by 0.107 and 0.109 years, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results quantitatively demonstrate the substantial burden reduction in colorectal cancer and the significant gain in life expectancy that can be achieved by eliminating modifiable lifestyle factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 313-321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of cervical cancer: current estimates, temporal trend and future projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2022","authors":"Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Qianyun Jin ,&nbsp;Yunmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuting Ji ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Duan ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Feng ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Yacong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhangyan Lyu ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Yubei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be eliminated worldwide. Tracking the latest burden of cervical cancer is critical toward the targets set by World Health Organization (WHO) to eliminate cervical cancer as a major public health problem.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All data were extracted from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) of cervical cancer were compared and linked to Human Development Index (HDI) between populations. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to characterize the temporal trend in ASIR/ASMR, and demographic estimates were projected up to 2050.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Globally, an estimated 662,044 cases (ASIR: 14.12/100,000) and 348,709 deaths (ASMR: 7.08/100,000) from cervical cancer occurred in 2022, corresponding to the fourth cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Specifically, 42 % of cases and 39 % of deaths occurred in China (23 % and 16 %) and India (19 % and 23 %). Both ASIR and ASMR of cervical cancer decreased with HDI, and similar decreasing links were observed for both early-onset (0–39 years) and late-onset (≥40 years) cervical cancer. Both ASIR and ASMR of overall cervical cancer showed decreasing trends during 2003–2012 (EAPC: 0.04 % and -1.03 %); however, upward trends were observed for early-onset cervical cancer (EAPC: 1.16 % and 0.57 %). If national rates in 2022 remain stable, the estimated cases and deaths from cervical cancer are projected to increase by 56.8 % and 80.7 % up to 2050. Moreover, the projected increase of early-onset cervical cancer is mainly observed in transitioning countries, while decreased burden is expected in transitioned countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cervical cancer remains a common cause of cancer death in many countries, especially in transitioning countries. Unless scaling-up preventive interventions, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening, as well as systematic cooperation within government, civil societies, and private enterprises, the global burden of cervical cancer would be expected to increase in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 322-329"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of genitourinary cancers in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingwei Xie ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Yongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Xiangbo Zeng ,&nbsp;Yuanchao Zhu ,&nbsp;Yishan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongyuan Xiao ,&nbsp;Fengjin Zhao ,&nbsp;Bihong Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaocen Liu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Guo ,&nbsp;Ganping Wang ,&nbsp;Wenlian Xie ,&nbsp;Wanlong Tan ,&nbsp;Hao Ping ,&nbsp;Zaosong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Genitourinary cancers constitute a significant portion of the global cancer burden and have emerged as a prominent cause of cancer-related mortality. However, there remains a paucity of up-to-date statistical analyses that meticulously examine the global and national shifts in the epidemiology of genitourinary cancers. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution and progression of genitourinary cancers through analyses of the recently updated 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study presented the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their respective age-standardized rates for four genitourinary cancers (bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancers) by sex, age, and location from 1990 to 2021. Estimates for these data were presented with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) models were utilized to further quantify the temporal dynamics of age-standardized rates (ASRs) in genitourinary cancers. Countries and territories were categorized according to socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Globally, with the exception of a sustained decline in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) for bladder cancer (EAPC = −0.36%), the ASIRs for kidney, prostate, and testicular cancers demonstrated an upward trend from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC = 0.53%, 0.20%, and 1.43%, respectively). In terms of geographical regions, High-income North America had the highest ASIRs for both bladder (13.98 per 100,000 persons [95% UI, 12.96 to 14.61]) and prostate (47.02 per 100,000 persons [95% UI, 44.47 to 49.04]) cancers. Southern Latin America recorded the highest ASIRs for kidney (13.44 per 100,000 persons [95% UI, 12.27 to 14.73]) and testicular (4.98 per 100,000 persons [95% UI, 4.33 to 5.72]) cancers. Additionally, Central Europe (1.25% [95% CI, 1.12% to 1.38%]), East Asia (2.40% [95% CI, 2.21% to 2.59%]), Eastern Europe (3.74% [95% CI, 3.55% to 3.92%]), and the Caribbean (5.52% [95% CI, 4.32% to 6.74%]) exhibited the highest EAPCs for bladder, kidney, prostate, and testicular cancers, respectively. Unlike the ASIRs, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDRs) showed a downward trend over time in all types of genitourinary cancers. The disease burdens of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers were primarily distributed among older men, while testicular cancer mainly occurred in young men. Smoking remained the primary risk factor for bladder cancer. Meanwhile, high fasting plasma glucose and high body-mass index exerted increasingly significant impacts on bladder and kidney cancers, respectively, during the study period. Projections to 2050 suggest that the global burdens of genitourinary cancers are expected to decline to varying degrees. However, regional disparities ","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 330-345"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiological landscape of lung cancer: current status, temporal trend and future projections based on the latest estimates from GLOBOCAN 2022","authors":"Yuting Ji ,&nbsp;Yunmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Siwen Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Qianyun Jin ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Yubei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Given the relatively unfavorable prognosis and significant geographic differences in lung cancer burden, it is critical to update the global landscape of lung cancer to inform local strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) were compared and linked to the Human Development Index (HDI) across different populations. The temporal trends in ASIR/ASMR were characterized as estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and demographic projections were performed up to 2050.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Globally, an estimated 2,480,675 cases and 1,817,469 deaths from lung cancer occurred in 2022. Both ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer varied widely by world region, with ASIR ranging from 2.06 to 39.38 per 100,000 and ASMR from 1.95 to 31.70 per 100,000. China alone accounted for &gt;40 % of cases and deaths worldwide. Both ASIR and ARMR of lung cancer increased with HDI (<em>R²</em>: 0.54 and 0.47, all <em>P</em> values &lt;0.001), regardless of gender. Based on available data, both ASIR during 2001–2010 and ASMR during 2001–2015 showed decreasing trends in males (EAPC: 1.50 % and −2.22 %) but increasing trends in females (EAPC: 1.08 % and 0.07 %). Similar trends in ASIR and ASMR were observed among the elder population (≥50 years); however, downward trends were observed in the younger population (&lt;50 years). Alongside the aging and growth of the population, estimated cases and deaths from overall lung cancer would increase by 86.2 % and 95.2 % up to 2050 as compared with estimates in 2022, respectively. Notably, increased early-onset lung cancer was only observed in transitioning countries, while decreased early-onset lung cancer was observed in transitioned countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lung cancer maintained as the leading cancer burden worldwide. Unless timely preventive interventions in tobacco mitigation, early screening, and precise treatment, the global lung cancer burden is expected to increase in the future, especially for transitioning countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 278-286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}