BTEX chrono-metabolism and leukemogenic effects of night shift work in workers of gasoline stations: the EXPOSOWORK prospective panel study in Bulgaria

IF 9.4 Q1 ONCOLOGY

Journal of the National Cancer Center Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jncc.2025.01.006

Behzad Heibati , Georgia Soursou , Samuel Abimbola , Pantelis Charisiadis , Lygia Eleftheriou , Leon A.M. Berge , Jo S. Stenehjem , Konstantinos C. Makris

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Exposures to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) have been associated with impairment of the hematopoietic system, often leading to leukemogenesis. A prospective panel study: i) characterized the effect of night shift work (NSW) (12-hr night shift vs. 12-hr day shift) on urinary BTEX and metabolites in gasoline station workers in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, ii) evaluated the NSW effect on chrono-based BTEX genotoxic effects (as measured by 8-OHdG, a nonspecific biomarker of genotoxicity) including the influence of the downstream urinary metabolome.

Methods

During a week's working period, workers (n=71) followed both day shift and night shift work schedules (12-h long each shift) collecting four urine samples per worker (pre and end of shift). Airborne BTEX exposures were evaluated over 12-h shift periods using wearable passive samplers. Urinary BTEX and the metabolome were measured using mass spectrometry. 8-OHdG was measured using an ELISA immunoassay. Associations were examined using mixed-effect regression models and corrected for false-discovery rates of 0.05.

Results

Median personal airborne benzene levels were 3.05 (IQR: 2.89), and 2.92 (IQR: 1.86) μg/m³ for day and night work shifts, respectively, suggestive of a low-level BTEX study. Results supported a consistent trend of lower urinary BTEX levels in NSW than those observed in day shift, after adjusting for airborne BTEX and confounders. Metabolomic signatures revealed a few significant metabolites associated with NSW or 8-OHdG with 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid (level I) being associated with both NSW and 8-OHdG. The biological pathway with high metabolic pathway impact were glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.

Conclusion

Larger NSW studies with longer and more frequent follow-up times are warranted to better delineate the possible influence of NSW chrono-modulated working activities in leukemogenic processes.

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加油站工人夜班工作中BTEX的时间代谢和白血病的影响：保加利亚的EXPOSOWORK前瞻性面板研究

接触苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）与造血系统损伤有关，通常导致白血病的发生。一项前瞻性小组研究：1)表征夜班工作（NSW）（12小时夜班vs 12小时白班）对保加利亚Plovdiv加油站工人尿液BTEX和代谢物的影响；2)评估NSW对基于时间的BTEX基因毒性效应的影响（通过8-OHdG（一种非特异性遗传毒性生物标志物）测量），包括下游尿液代谢组的影响。方法在一周的工作期间，工人（n=71）遵循白班和夜班工作时间表（每班12小时），每个工人收集4份尿液样本（轮班前和结束）。使用可穿戴式被动采样器评估12小时轮班期间空气中BTEX的暴露情况。采用质谱法测定尿BTEX和代谢组。采用ELISA免疫分析法测定8-OHdG。使用混合效应回归模型检验相关性，并校正错误发现率0.05。结果白班和夜班人员空气中苯浓度中位数分别为3.05 （IQR: 2.89）和2.92 (IQR: 1.86) μg/m3，提示存在低水平的BTEX研究。在调整了空气中的BTEX和混杂因素后，结果支持新南威尔士州尿液BTEX水平低于白班观察到的趋势。代谢组学特征显示，一些显著的代谢物与NSW或8-OHdG相关，其中4-羟基苯乙酸（水平I）与NSW和8-OHdG均相关。代谢途径影响较大的生物途径是甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢。结论更大规模的NSW研究需要更长的随访时间和更频繁的随访时间，以更好地描述NSW时间调节的工作活动在白血病发生过程中的可能影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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