Revealing the landscape of targeting mitochondrial functions and behaviors to overcome cancer chemoresistance

With the rapid progression of chemotherapies, the occurrence of chemoresistance is becoming a major obstacle in contemporary cancer treatment. As essential organelles, mitochondria perform diverse functions to provide ATP and various intermediates to modulate biosynthetic and bioenergetic processes, which are indispensable to cell survival. Recently, mitochondria have increasingly intrigued researchers for their unique influence on chemoresistance. This review explores the intricate relationship between mitochondria and chemoresistance. We delve into the complex roles that mitochondria play in chemoresistance, focusing on the aberrant alterations in mitochondrial behaviors and interactions with other organelles. We also review the subsequent impact of mitochondrial changes on cellular functions, such as metabolic reprogramming and the dysregulation of cell death. By presenting a retrospective analysis of previous research and elucidating the underlying mechanisms, we aim to reveal the potential of enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapies and overcoming cancer chemoresistance by targeting mitochondria. Hopefully, this review will provide directions for future research and the development of more viable drugs, ultimately improving the prognosis of cancer patients.