Journal of the National Cancer Center最新文献

{"title":"Rare transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to sarcomatoid carcinoma mediates resistance to inhibitors targeting different driver oncogenes","authors":"Lanlan Pang ,&nbsp;Weitao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yihua Huang,&nbsp;Jun Liao,&nbsp;Mengjuan Yang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Yaxiong Zhang,&nbsp;Wenfeng Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phenotypic transition is a common resistance mechanism of targeted therapy. While transformations from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) to small-cell lung cancer or squamous-cell carcinoma have been extensively studied, the conversion into sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is rarely reported.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Genetic and histological examinations were systematically performed on tumor re-biopsy samples obtained from patients with advanced EGFR-mutant LUAD who progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). EGFR wild-type patients were also identified who underwent the rare transformation from adenocarcinoma to SC following the ineffectiveness of inhibitors that target distinct driver oncogenes. Furthermore, we also retrospectively collected 42 cases diagnosed with primary pulmonary SC as a comparison cohort to comprehensively characterize the biological events and clinical outcomes of transformed SC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sarcomatoid transformation mediated drug resistance in 2.5 % and 4.8 % of patients after failure on the first/second, and third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Transformation of sarcomatoid carcinoma is characterized by a higher frequency of <em>TP53, RB1</em>, and <em>MET</em> genetic alterations compared to cases lacking histological transformation; the PI3K signaling pathway was also significantly activated. Fifteen individuals were identified with a rare transition from adenocarcinoma to SC, consisting of seven cases with <em>EGFR</em>-activating mutations and eight cases without <em>EGFR</em> mutations. All sarcomatoid-transformed samples not only retained their original driver mutations but also shared specific genetic alterations with primary LUAD. Moreover, transformed sarcomatoid carcinomas mimic the primary SC in terms of immunochemical and molecular features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to SC is a resistance mechanism wildly applied to inhibitors targeting different driver oncogenes. Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy shows potential to benefit patients with sarcomatoid transformation and warrants further study in larger cohorts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S100A8 promotes tumor progression by inducing phenotypic polarization of microglia through the TLR4/IL-10 signaling pathway in glioma","authors":"Yuechao Yang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Cui ,&nbsp;Deheng Li ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Changshuai Zhou ,&nbsp;Liangdong Li ,&nbsp;Mingtao Feng ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Yiqun Cao ,&nbsp;Yang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>S100A8 is a member of the S100 protein family and plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation and tumor progression. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the expression patterns and functional roles of S100A8 in glioma progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Glioma tissues were collected from 98 patients who underwent surgical treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. S100A8 expression in glioma tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to establish its correlation with clinicopathological features in patients. The expression and prognostic effect of S100A8 in glioma were analyzed using TCGA and CGGA public databases. Then, we investigated the role of S100A8 in glioma through a series of <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments including Transwell, wound healing, CCK8, and intracranial tumor models. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis, single-cell sequencing and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to explore the underlying mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>S100A8 was upregulated in gliomas compared to paracancerous tissues, and this phenotype was significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Subgroup analysis showed that S100A8 expression was higher in the high-grade glioma (HGG) group than that in the low-grade glioma (LGG) group. S100A8 overexpression in glioma cell lines promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while silencing S100A8 reversed these effects. <em>In vivo</em> experiments showed that S100A8 knockdown can significantly reduce the tumor burden of glioma cells. Notably, S100A8 was observed to stimulate microglial M2 polarization by interacting with TLR4, which subsequently induced NF-κB signaling and IL-10 secretion within the tumor microenvironment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>S100A8 promotes tumor progression by inducing phenotypic polarization of microglia through the TLR4/IL-10 signaling pathway in glioma. It might represent a therapeutic target for further basic research or clinical management of glioma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 369-381"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and application of a three-dimensional vascular variation-based nephrometry scoring system for completely endophytic renal tumors","authors":"Aihetaimujiang Anwaier ,&nbsp;Xiangxian Che ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Xi Tian ,&nbsp;Shiqi Ye ,&nbsp;Wenhao Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Hailiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Dingwei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Completely endophytic renal tumors (CERT) pose significant challenges due to their anatomical complexity and loss of visual clues about tumor location. A facile scoring model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images will assist in better assessing tumor location and vascular variations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective study, 80 patients diagnosed with CERT were included. Forty cases underwent preoperative assessment using 3D reconstructed imaging (3D-Cohort), while the remaining 40 cases were assessed using two-dimensional imaging (2D-Cohort). Vascular variations were evaluated by ascertaining the presence of renal arteries &gt; 1, prehilar branching arteries, and arteries anterior to veins. The proposed scoring system, termed RAL, encompassed three critical components: (R)adius (maximal tumor diameter in cm), (A)rtery (occurrence of arterial variations), and (L)ocation relative to the polar line. Comparison of the RAL scoring system was made with established nephrometry scoring systems.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 48 (60%) patients exhibited at least one vascular variation. In the 2D-Cohort, patients with vascular variations experienced significantly prolonged operation time, increased bleeding volume, and extended warm ischemia time compared with those without vascular variations. Conversely, the presence of vascular variations did not significantly affect operative parameters in the 3D-Cohort. Furthermore, the 2D-Cohort demonstrated a notable decline in both short- and long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes compared with the 3D-Cohort, a trend consistent across patients with warm ischemia time ≥ 25 min and those with vascular variations. Notably, the 2D-Cohort exhibited a larger margin of normal renal tissue compared with the 3D-Cohort. Elevated RAL scores correlated with larger tumor size, prolonged operation time, extended warm ischemia time, and substantial postoperative eGFR decrease. The RAL scoring system displayed superior predictive capabilities in assessing postoperative eGFR changes compared with conventional nephrometry scoring systems.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our proposed 3D vascular variation-based nephrometry scoring system offers heightened proficiency in preoperative assessment, precise prediction of surgical complexity, and more accurate evaluation of postoperative renal function in CERT patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 346-353"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological and therapeutic comparisons of esophageal cancer between China and the USA: a multicenter hospital-based study","authors":"Juan Zhu ,&nbsp;Lingbin Du ,&nbsp;Huizhang Li ,&nbsp;Xianhui Ran ,&nbsp;Hongmei Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a global health challenge due to its poor prognosis. China and the United States of America (USA) represent two distinct epicenters of EC burden. Understanding the EC disparities in these two countries is vital for tailoring prevention strategies, optimizing treatment, and enhancing outcomes in both countries. Yet, there lacks a comprehensive comparison of EC characteristics between the two countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this multicenter, retrospective hospital-based study, we enrolled primary EC patients who received their initial treatment at one of 23 hospitals in China during 2016–2017. Using electronic medical records and cancer registration records, information on demographics, lifestyle, and clinicopathological characteristics (including tumor site, pathology, stage, metastases, differentiation, and treatment) were collected. Additionally, we compared these data with the clinicopathological information of invasive EC patients diagnosed in 2016–2017 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in the USA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6,658 EC patients in China and 8,555 EC patients in the USA were included finally. 85.5% (<em>n</em> = 5,694) of EC were esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China, while esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was prominent in the USA (58.9%, <em>n</em> = 5,041). Among EC patients with known staging, the proportion of early stage was higher in China compared to the USA (48.3% vs. 30.5%). Among ESCC patients, early-stage cases were higher in China than in the USA (49.8% vs. 31.8%), while among EAC patients, late-stage cases were higher in China than in the USA (77.3% vs. 68.5%) (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In China, EC mainly occurred in the middle third (60.2%) of the esophagus, whereas in the USA, it was more common in the lower third (59.9%) of the organ. Compared with EC patients with known metastatic status in the USA, China had fewer cases of lymph node metastases (51.4% vs. 57.7%) and distant metastases (7.9% vs. 33.8%). Regarding treatment, China had more surgical therapy (53.7% vs. 22.6%), less radiotherapy (35.6% vs. 53.3%), and less chemotherapy (46.7% vs. 59.7%) compared to the USA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals notable disparities in EC between China and the USA, encompassing epidemiological, clinicopathological, and treatment dimensions. These findings provide insight for tailored strategies addressing regional variations in clinicopathological and therapeutic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 318-325"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow as predictive classifiers for small cell lung cancer patients","authors":"Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jingying Nong ,&nbsp;Baohua Lu ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Mingming Hu ,&nbsp;Cen Chen ,&nbsp;Lina Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinjing Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaomei Yang ,&nbsp;Peter Ping Lin ,&nbsp;Xingsheng Hu ,&nbsp;Tongmei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease characterized by early metastasis. Aneuploid CD31^- disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) and CD31⁺ disseminated tumor endothelial cells (DTECs) residing in the bone marrow are generally considered as the initiators of metastatic process. However, the clinical significance of DTCs and DTECs in SCLC remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical implications of diverse subtypes of highly heterogeneous DTCs and DTECs in SCLC patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) was applied to enrich and perform comprehensive morphologic, karyotypic, and phenotypic characterization of aneuploid DTCs and DTECs in 30 patients. Additionally, co-detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor endothelial cells (CTECs) was conducted on 24 of the enrolled patients. Proof-of-concept of the whole exon sequencings (WES) on precisely selected different subtypes of CTCs or DTCs, longitudinally detected from a representative case with pathologically confirmed bone marrow metastasis, was validated to feasibly reveal genetic mutations in these cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DTCs, DTECs and their subtypes were readily detectable in SCLC patients. Comparative analysis revealed that the number of DTCs and DTECs was significantly higher than that of their corresponding CTCs and CTECs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001 for both). Positive detection of disseminated tumor microemboli (DTM) or disseminated tumor endothelial microemboli (DTEM) was associated with inferior survival outcomes (<em>P</em> = 0.046 and <em>P</em> = 0.048). Patients with EpCAM⁺ DTCs detectable displayed significantly lower disease control rate (DCR) (16.67% vs 73.33%, <em>P</em> = 0.019), reduced median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) compared with those with EpCAM^- DTCs (<em>P</em> = 0.028 and <em>P</em> = 0.002, respectively). WES analysis indicated that post-treatment DTCs isolated from bone marrow at the time of disease progression shared more homologous somatic gene mutations with pre-treatment CTCs compared with post-treatment CTCs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that bone marrow sampling and characterization of DTC subtypes provided a valuable tool for predicting treatment response and the prognosis in SCLC. Moreover, DTCs inherit a greater amount of homologous somatic information from pre-treatment CTCs, indicating their potential role in disease progression and treatment resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 335-345"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment and triage strategy of cervical cancer primary screening on HPV integration status: 5-year follow-up of a prospective cohort study","authors":"Xun Tian ,&nbsp;Danhui Weng ,&nbsp;Ye Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Cao ,&nbsp;Danni Gong ,&nbsp;Zhen Zeng ,&nbsp;Qiongyan Wu ,&nbsp;Xueqian Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Wu ,&nbsp;Lu Fan ,&nbsp;Qinghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Cheng ,&nbsp;Ding Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated the relation between man papillomavirus (HPV) integration status and the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), as well as the triage strategy based on HPV integration test.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>4086 women aged 20 to 65 years in China were enrolled in 2015 for a prospective, population-based, clinical observational study to evaluate the triage performance of HPV integration. Cervical exfoliated cells were collected for HPV testing and cytologic test. If high-risk HPV was positive, HPV integration test was performed at baseline, 2-year and 5-year follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, HPV integration was positively correlated with the severity of cervical pathology, ranging from 5.0% (15/301) in normal diagnosis, 6.9% (4/58) in CIN1, 31.0% (9/29) in CIN2, 70% (14/20) in CIN3, and 100% (2/2) in cervical cancer (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Compared with cytology, HPV integration exhibits comparable sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of CIN3+, higher specificity (92.8% [90.2%–95.4%] vs. 75.5% [71.2%–79.8%], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and higher positive predictive value (36.4% [22.1%–50.6%] vs. 15.2% [8.5%–21.8%], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). HPV integration testing strategy yielded a significantly lower colposcopy referral rate than cytology strategy (10.7% [44/410] vs. 27.3% [112/410], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The HPV integration-negative group exhibited the lowest immediate risk for CIN3+ (1.6%) and accounted for the largest proportion of the total population (89.3%), when compared with the normal cytology group (risk, 1.7%; proportion, 72.7%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>As a key molecular basis for the development of cervical cancer, HPV integration might be a promising triage strategy for HPV-positive patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 311-317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden and long-term trends of breast cancer by different menopausal status in China","authors":"Shaoyuan Lei ,&nbsp;Rongshou Zheng ,&nbsp;Siwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The burden of breast cancer in women of different menopausal status has not been assessed in China previously. We aim to evaluate and project the burden of breast cancer in different menopausal status in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The incidence and mortality of breast cancer were estimated using the data of 554 cancer registries in 2017 and the trends of incidence and mortality of 112 cancer registries from 2010 to 2017. Data from 22 continued cancer registries from 2000 to 2017 were applied for long-term trend projection to 2030 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Menopausal status was stratified by age, with premenopause defined as chronological age &lt;45 years, perimenopause defined as 45–54 years, and postmenopause defined as ≥55 years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 352,300 incident cases and 74,200 deaths of breast cancer occurred in China in 2020, contributing to 2.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Perimenopausal women had the highest incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates, with the rates being 100.3 per 100,000, 819.2 per 100,000 and 723.1 per 100,000 persons. While postmenopausal women had the highest mortality rates (25.5 per 100,000 persons). From 2000 to 2017, the largest increase in incidence and mortality for breast cancer was observed in postmenopausal women with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 5.6% and 2.94%. The number of breast cancer cases and deaths will increase to 452,000 and 98,800 in 2030, resulting in 3.2 million DALYs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The burden of breast cancer is rapidly increasing in China and varies among different menopausal status. Specific prevention and control strategies for women in different menopausal status will be more helpful in reducing the rapidly growing trends of breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 326-334"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological features of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer and clinical practice: a narrative review","authors":"Yi Dong ,&nbsp;Liaqat Khan ,&nbsp;Yi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved outcomes for patients with advanced driver-negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, targeted therapy remains the preferred treatment for advanced driver-positive NSCLC, including cases with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Considering the variability in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, including expression levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and other immunological features, the application of immunotherapy in this group is still a subject of investigation. Therefore, we have summarized and analyzed the immunological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of different EGFR mutations in NSCLC, as well as the current clinical application of immunotherapy in the EGFR-mutant population, to provide a reference for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 289-298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoimmunology in bone malignancies: a symphony with evil","authors":"Churui Song ,&nbsp;Tie Tong ,&nbsp;Biqi Dai ,&nbsp;Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Elina Chen ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Weijie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone marrow is pivotal for normal hematopoiesis and immune responses, yet it is often compromised by malignancies. The bone microenvironment (BME), composed of bone and immune cells, maintains skeletal integrity and blood production. The emergence of primary or metastatic tumors in the skeletal system results in severe complications and contributes significantly to cancer-related mortality. These tumors set off a series of interactions among cancer, bone, and immune cells, and disrupt the BME locally or distantly. However, the drivers, participants, and underlying molecules of these interactions are not fully understood. This review explores the crosstalk between bone metabolism and immune responses, synthesizing current knowledge on the intersection of cancer and osteoimmune biology. It outlines how bone marrow immune cells can either facilitate or hinder tumor progression by interacting with bone cells and pinpoints the molecules responsible for immunosuppression within bone tumors. Moreover, it discusses how primary tumors remotely alter the BME, leading to systemic immune suppression in cancer patients. This knowledge provides critical rationales for emerging immunotherapies in the treatment of bone-related tumors. Taken together, by summarizing the intricate relationship between tumor cells and the BME, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the diversity, complexity, and dynamics at play during bone tumor progression. Ultimately, it highlights the potential of targeting bone-tumor interactions to correct aberrant immune functions, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori eradication for primary prevention of gastric cancer: progresses and challenges","authors":"Zongchao Liu ,&nbsp;Hengmin Xu ,&nbsp;Weicheng You ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Pan ,&nbsp;Wenqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jncc.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge, causing a substantial number of cancer-related deaths, particularly in China. While the exact causes of gastric cancer are still being investigated, <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) infection has been identified as the primary risk factor, which triggers chronic inflammation and a multistage progression of gastric lesions that may lead to carcinogenesis over a long latency time. Since the 1990s, numerous efforts have focused on assessing the effectiveness of <em>H. pylori</em> eradication in preventing new cases of gastric cancer among both the general population and patients who have undergone early-stage cancer treatment. This body of work, including several community-based interventions and meta-analyses, has shown a reduction in both the incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer following <em>H. pylori</em> treatment, alongside a decreased risk of metachronous gastric cancer. In this review, we seek to consolidate current knowledge on the effects of <em>H. pylori</em> treatment on gastric cancer prevention, its systemic consequences, cost-effectiveness, and the influence of antibiotic resistance and host characteristics on treatment outcomes. We further discuss the potential for precision primary prevention of <em>H. pylori</em> treatment and comment on the efficient implementation of test-and-treat policies and allocation of health resources towards minimizing the burden of gastric cancer globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the National Cancer Center","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 299-310"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}