Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics最新文献

{"title":"RPE barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy: seeing is believing.","authors":"Hui-Zhuo Xu,&nbsp;Zhiming Song,&nbsp;Shuhua Fu,&nbsp;Meili Zhu,&nbsp;Yun-Zheng Le","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9068-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9068-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in working-age Americans. DR is traditionally regarded as a disorder of blood-retina barriers, and the leakage of blood content is a major pathological characteristic of the disease. While the breakdown of the endothelial barrier in DR has been investigated extensively, the vascular leakage through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) barrier in the disease has not been widely acknowledged. As the blood content leaked through the RPE barrier causes excessive water influx to the retina, the breakdown of the RPE barrier is likely to play a causative role in the development of some forms of diabetic macular edema, a major cause of vision loss in DR. In this article, we will discuss the clinical evidences of the diabetes-induced RPE barrier breakdown, the alteration of the RPE in diabetes, the molecular and cellular mechanism of RPE barrier breakdown, and the research tools for the analysis of RPE barrier leakage. Finally, we will discuss the methodology and potential applications of our recently developed fluorescent microscopic imaging for the diabetes- or ischemia-induced RPE barrier breakdown in rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":" ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9068-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40200651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External ophthalmomyiasis caused by Muscae fly larva in the Thar Desert.","authors":"Punit K Singh,&nbsp;Subhadra Singh,&nbsp;Prabhu Prakash,&nbsp;Manju Singh,&nbsp;Shanker Singh Shekhawat,&nbsp;Gajesh Bhargav","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9071-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9071-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":" ","pages":"141-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9071-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40208040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RPE-secreted factors: influence differentiation in human retinal cell line in dose- and density-dependent manner.","authors":"Kamla Dutt,&nbsp;Paul Douglas,&nbsp;Yang Cao","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9076-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9076-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in normal functioning of retina and photoreceptors, and some retinal degenerations arise due to malfunctioning RPE. Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation is being explored as a strategy to rescue degenerating photoreceptors in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Additionally, RPE-secreted factors could rescue degenerating photoreceptors by prolonging survival or by their ability to differentiate and give rise to photoreceptors by transdifferentiation. In this study, we have explored what role cell density could play in differentiation induced in a human retinal progenitor cell line, in response to RPE-secreted growth factors. Retinal progenitors plated at low (1 × 10(4) cells/cm(2)), medium (2-4 × 10(4) cells/cm(2)), and high (1 × 10(5) cells/cm(2)) cell density were exposed to various dilutions of RPE-conditioned medium (secreted factors) under conditions of defined medium culture. Progenitor cell differentiation was monitored phenotypically (morphological, biochemical analysis, and immunophenotyping, and western blot analysis were performed). Our data show that differentiation in response to RPE-secreted factors is modulated by cell density and dilutions of conditioned medium. We conclude that before embarking on RPE transplantation as a modality for treatment of RP and AMD, one will have to determine the role that cell density and inhibitory and stimulatory neurotrophins secreted by RPE could play in the efficacy of survival of transplants. We report that RPE-conditioned medium enhances neuronal phenotype (photoreceptors, bipolars) at the lowest cell density in the absence of cell-cell contact. Eighty percent to 90% of progenitor cells differentiate into photoreceptors and bipolars at 50% concentration of conditioned medium, while exposure to 100% conditioned medium might increase multipolar neurons (ganglionic and amacrine phenotypes) to a small degree. However, no clear-cut pattern of differentiation in response to RPE-secreted factors is noted at higher cell densities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 4","pages":"144-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9076-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31158272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical inhibition of fatty acid synthase: molecular docking analysis and biochemical validation in ocular cancer cells.","authors":"P R Deepa,&nbsp;S Vandhana,&nbsp;S Muthukumaran,&nbsp;V Umashankar,&nbsp;U Jayanthi,&nbsp;S Krishnakumar","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9065-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9065-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty acid biosynthesis is an attractive target for anti-cancer therapeutics. The ocular cancer, retinoblastoma cells were treated with fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme inhibitors: cerulenin, triclosan and orlistat. The IC(50) and dose-dependent sensitivity of cancer cells to FASN inhibitors decrease in biologic enzyme activity, and cell morphology alterations were analysed. Molecular interactions of enzyme-inhibitor complexes were studied by molecular modelling and docking simulations. The crystal structures of ketoacyl synthase (PDB ID:3HHD) (cerulenin) and thioesterase (PDB ID:2PX6) (orlistat) domains of human FASN were utilized for docking, while for the non-crystallised human FASN enoyl reductase domain (triclosan), homology model was built and used for docking. All three inhibitors showed significant binding energy indicating stable complex formation with their respective FASN subunits. The predicted Ki value of the FASN inhibitors corroborated well with their corresponding anti-cancer effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 4","pages":"117-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9065-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31074497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lacrimal plugs combined with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel for filamentary keratitis.","authors":"Huibin Lv, Ziyuan Liu, Xuemin Li, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9066-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12177-011-9066-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate the efficacy of lacrimal plugs combined with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel on the treatment of dry-eye-associated filamentary keratitis. Lacrimal plugs were inserted into both the upper and lower puncta of 15 patients (28 eyes). Deproteinized calf blood cxtract eye gel was applied in two patients who were not cured after this operation. All patients were asked to complete three questionnaires 1 day before the surgery and at 1 week and 1 month after the surgery. Ophthalmologic examinations were carried out and repeated at 1 day and at 1 week and 1 month after plug insertion, which include fluorescein staining, tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test I (STI), corneal confocal microscope (HRT-III), and impression cytology (IC). Symptoms were relieved in all patients 1 month after the application of lacrimal plugs. Deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel was applied to two patients whose symptoms remained after lacrimal plug implantation for 1 week. At 3 weeks later, the symptoms disappeared and cornea fluorescein stain was hardly identified. The lacrimal river in all patients became broader after the surgery, 11 of whom reached 0.3 mm. Cornea filamentary disappeared in all patients. The average of BUT and ST were increased to 7.50 ± 1.897 s (p < 0.001) and 8.12 ± 1.996 mm at 1 week after the operation and 7.94 s and 9.00 ± 1.897 mm at 1 month later, respectively. Photography from HRT-III suggested that the state of corneal epithelium was markedly improved, including the squamous metaplasia of the epithelial layer of the cornea and the bend of nerve fibers under the corneal epithelium. IC also suggested that the squamous metaplasia of epithelial layer of conjunctiva in these patients was improved. The symptoms of patients suffering from severe filamentary keratitis were remarkably relieved by using lacrimal plugs, which could increase the tear volume of the ocular surface, improve the condition of tear film, and promote the recovery of corneal diseases. For patients with more severe symptoms, additional usage of deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel could assist the treatment. Therefore, lacrimal plugs combined with deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel are suggested to be an effective method to treat severe filamentary keratitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 4","pages":"134-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289160/pdf/12177_2011_Article_9066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31127215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAPK signaling during Müller glial cell development in retina explant cultures.","authors":"Samuel Shao-Min Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Ping Huang,&nbsp;Lucy Xi Lou,&nbsp;Xin-Yuan Fu,&nbsp;Colin J Barnstable","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9064-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9064-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Müller cell is the only glial cell type generated from the retinal neuroepithelium. This cell type controls normal retina homeostasis and has been suggested to play a neuroprotective role. Recent evidence suggests that mammalian Müller cells can de-differentiate and return to a progenitor or stem cell stage following injury or disease. In vivo exploration of the molecular mechanisms of Müller cell differentiation and proliferation will add essential information to manipulate Müller cell functions. Signal transduction pathways that regulate Müller cell responses and activity are a critical part of their cellular machinery. In this study, we focus on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway during Müller glial cell differentiation and proliferation. We found that both MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways are present during Müller glial cell development. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-stimulated Müller glial cell proliferation is associated with early developmental stages. Specific inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation significantly reduced the number of Müller glial cells with or without CNTF stimulation. These results suggested that the MAPK signal transduction pathway is important in the formation of Müller glial cells during retina development.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 4","pages":"129-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9064-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30829342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondria impairment correlates with increased sensitivity of aging RPE cells to oxidative stress.","authors":"Yuan He,&nbsp;Jian Ge,&nbsp;Janice M Burke,&nbsp;Roland L Myers,&nbsp;Zhi Z Dong,&nbsp;Joyce Tombran-Tink","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9061-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9061-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impairment of mitochondria function and cellular antioxidant systems are linked to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is exposed to a highly oxidative environment that contributes to age-related visual dysfunction. Here, we examined changes in mitochondrial function in human RPE cells and sensitivity to oxidative stress with increased chronological age. Primary RPE cells from young (9-20)-, mid-age (48-60)-, and >60 (62-76)-year-old donors were grown to confluency and examined by electron microscopy and flow cytometry using several mitochondrial functional assessment tools. Susceptibility of RPE cells to H(2)O(2) toxicity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c release, as well as propidium iodide staining. Reactive oxygen species, cytoplasmic Ca(2+) [Ca(2+)](c), and mitochondrial Ca(2+) [Ca(2+)](m) levels were measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, fluo-3/AM, and Rhod-2/AM, respectively, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured by a luciferin/luciferase-based assay and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) estimated using 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro 1,1'3,3'-tetraethylbenzimid azolocarbocyanine iodide. Expression of mitochondrial and antioxidant genes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RPE cells show greater sensitivity to oxidative stress, reduction in expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 70, uncoupling protein 2, and superoxide dismutase 3, and greater expression of superoxide dismutase 2 levels with increased chronological age. Changes in mitochondrial number, size, shape, matrix density, cristae architecture, and membrane integrity were more prominent in samples obtained from >60 years old compared to mid-age and younger donors. These mitochondria abnormalities correlated with lower ATP levels, reduced ΔΨm, decreased [Ca(2+)](c), and increased sequestration of [Ca(2+)](m) in cells with advanced aging. Our study provides evidence for mitochondrial decay, bioenergetic deficiency, weakened antioxidant defenses, and increased sensitivity of RPE cells to oxidative stress with advanced aging. Our findings suggest that with increased severity of mitochondrial decay and oxidative stress, RPE function may be altered in some individuals in a way that makes the retina more susceptible to age-related injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 3","pages":"92-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9061-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30790858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative modeling of retinol-binding protein-3 and retinal S-antigen in Eales' disease and prediction of their binding sites using computational methods.","authors":"Anshul Tiwari,&nbsp;Ashish Chandra Trivedi,&nbsp;Prachi Srivastava,&nbsp;Aditya Bhusan Pant,&nbsp;Sandeep Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9060-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9060-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal S-antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-3 play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of Eales' disease. Protein 3D structures are functionally very important and play a significant role in progression of the disease, hence these 3D structures are better target for further drug designing and relative studies. We developed 3D model structure of retinol-binding protein-3 and retinal S-antigen protein of human involved in Eales' disease. Functional site prediction is a very important and related step; hence, in the current course of analysis, we predicted putative functional site residues in the target proteins. Molecular models of these proteins of Eales' disease as documented in this study may provide a valuable aid for designing an inhibitor or better ligand against Eales' disease and could play a significant role in drug design.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 3","pages":"88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9060-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30790857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated lipid peroxides induced angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Sandeep Saxena,&nbsp;Prachi Srivastava,&nbsp;Vinay K Khanna","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9059-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9059-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is associated with causation of diabetic vascular complications. A case-control study was undertaken to evaluate the association of platelet thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) with the severity of diabetic retinopathy for the first time. Platelet TBARS levels were estimated using standard protocol. Platelet TBARS levels in the cases with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and healthy controls were 0.56 ± 0.09, 0.69 ± 0.11 and 0.41 ± 0.1 nmol/h/10(8) platelets, respectively. A significant increase in platelet TBARS levels was observed in the cases as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Elevated TBARS levels were observed to significantly increase further during the proliferative stage of the disease (p < 0.01). The increase in platelet TBARS levels, and thereby at retinal level, is associated with angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. Supplemental anti-oxidant therapy in diabetic retinopathy may prevent ocular angiogenesis resulting as a consequence of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 3","pages":"85-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9059-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30698454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of melanocytoma of the optic nerve head.","authors":"Sandeep Saxena,&nbsp;Bhumika Sharma,&nbsp;Shashi K Bhasker","doi":"10.1007/s12177-011-9063-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-011-9063-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"3 3","pages":"112-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-011-9063-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30825070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}