Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics最新文献

{"title":"Ratio of the vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor and pigment epithelial-derived factor in Eales disease.","authors":"Narayanasamy Angayarkanni,&nbsp;Radhakrishnan Selvi,&nbsp;Rishi Pukhraj,&nbsp;Jyotirmoy Biswas,&nbsp;Shah J Bhavesh,&nbsp;Joyce Tombran-Tink","doi":"10.1007/s12177-009-9017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-009-9017-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eales disease (ED) is an idiopathic inflammatory venous occlusion of the peripheral retina. As neovascularization is prominent in ED, this study attempts to look at the ratio of VEGF, the angiogenic factor, and PEDF, an anti-angiogenic factor in the vitreous of ED patients in comparison with the macular hole (MH) and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). Vitreous levels of VEGF and PEDF were determined in the undiluted vitreous specimen obtained from 26 ED cases, 17 PDR, and seven patients with MH. The vitreous levels of VEGF and PEDF were estimated by ELISA. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) for VEGF and PEDF were done in the epiretinal membrane of ED and PDR case. The VEGF/PEDF ratio was found to be significantly increased in ED (p = 0.014) and PDR (p = 0.000) compared to MH. However the ratio was 3.5-fold higher in PDR than ED (p = 0.009). The IHC data on the ERM specimen from ED showed the presence of VEGF and PEDF similar to PDR. The high angiogenic potential seen as the ratio of VEGF/PEDF correlates with the peak clinical onset of the disease in the age group 21-30 years and the diseases usually self-resolves above the age of 40, which is reflected by the low ratio of VEGF/PEDF. The study shows that the VEGF/PEDF ratio is significantly increased in ED though the angiogenic potential is higher in PDR than in ED. Clinically Eales Disease is known as a self-limiting disease, while PDR is a progressive disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"2 1","pages":"20-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-009-9017-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28644707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular pressure profile during the modified diurnal tension curve using Goldman applanation tonometry and dynamic contour tonometry.","authors":"Carlos Gustavo Vasconcelos de Moraes,&nbsp;Alexandre Soares Castro Reis,&nbsp;Milena Eimi Sano,&nbsp;Alan Kardec Barreira,&nbsp;Roberto Murad Vessani,&nbsp;Remo Jr Susanna","doi":"10.1007/s12177-009-9016-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-009-9016-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) profile during the modified diurnal tension curve (mDTC) using Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) in treated glaucomatous eyes. Eligible subjects were submitted to the mDTC using GAT and DCT in this sequence. IOP measurements were performed at 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 4 p.m.. Central corneal thickness was measured using ultrasound pachymetry in the morning. Statistical analysis was performed using paired Student's t test and Bland-Altman plot. The mean difference between DCT and GAT measurements was 0.9 mmHg. The mean +/- SD IOP measurements during the mDTC were 19.68 +/- 4.68, 17.63 +/- 4.44, 17.25 +/- 5.41, and 17.32 +/- 4.25 mmHg using GAT and 19.97 +/- 4.75, 18.79 +/- 4.61, 19.53 +/- 5.30, and 19.43 +/- 5.45 mmHg using DCT. IOP measurements were higher in the morning (8 a.m.) and decreased throughout the day using both tonometers. The difference between IOP measurements using GAT and DCT was smaller in the morning and increased throughout the day. The IOP variability using GAT was higher than using DCT. Corneal biomechanical properties might help explain our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"2 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-009-9016-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28644708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of integrins on human choroidal neovascular membranes.","authors":"Jing Cui,&nbsp;David Maberley,&nbsp;Arif Samad,&nbsp;Patrick Ma,&nbsp;Allison Ning,&nbsp;Joanne A Matsubara,&nbsp;Peter Baciu","doi":"10.1007/s12177-009-9015-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-009-9015-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"2 1","pages":"12-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-009-9015-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28644706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEDF and GDNF are key regulators of photoreceptor development and retinal neurogenesis in reaggregates from chick embryonic retina.","authors":"Katja N Volpert,&nbsp;Joyce Tombran-Tink,&nbsp;Colin Barnstable,&nbsp;Paul G Layer","doi":"10.1007/s12177-009-9014-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-009-9014-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, role(s) of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on photoreceptor development in three-dimensional reaggregates from the retinae of the E6 chick embryo (rosetted spheroids) was investigated. Fully dispersed cells were reaggregated under serum-reduced conditions and supplemented with 50 ng/ml PEDF alone or in combination with 50 ng/ml GDNF. The spheroids were analyzed for cell growth, differentiation, and death using proliferating cell nuclear antigen, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling, and other immunocytochemical stainings and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. PEDF strongly promoted synthesis of the messenger RNAs for blue and violet cone opsins and to a lesser extent on the red and green cone opsins. This correlated with an increase in the number of cone photoreceptors, as determined by the cone cell marker CERN906. Likewise, PEDF nearly completely inhibited rod differentiation, as detected by immunostaining with anti-rho4D2 and RT-PCR. Furthermore, PEDF accelerated proliferation of cells in the spheroids and inhibited apoptosis. As negative effects, PEDF inhibited the normal histotypic tissue formation of retinal aggregates and reduced the frequency of photoreceptor rosettes and IPL-like areas. Noticeably, supplementation of PEDF-treated cultures with GDNF reversed the effects of PEDF on spheroid morphology and on rod differentiation. This study establishes that PEDF strongly affects three-dimensional retinogenesis in vitro, most notably by inhibiting rod development and supporting proliferation and differentiation of cones, effects which are partially counteracted by GDNF.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-009-9014-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28644705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of gene expression during in vivo and in vitro postnatal retina development.","authors":"Mu-Gen Liu,&nbsp;Hong Li,&nbsp;Xuming Xu,&nbsp;Colin J Barnstable,&nbsp;Samuel Shao-Min Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9009-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9009-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Retina explants are widely used as a model of neural development. To define the molecular basis of differences between the development of retina in vivo and in vitro during the early postnatal period, we carried out a series of microarray comparisons using mouse retinas. About 75% of 8,880 expressed genes from retina explants kept the same expression volume and pattern as the retina in vivo. Fewer than 6% of the total gene population was changed at two consecutive time points, and only about 1% genes showed more than a threefold change at any time point studied. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) mapping for both changed and unchanged genes showed similar distribution patterns, except that more genes were changed in the GO clusters of response to stimuli and carbohydrate metabolism. Three distinct expression patterns of genes preferentially expressed in rod photoreceptors were observed in the retina explants. Some genes showed a lag in increased expression, some showed no change, and some continued to have a reduced level of expression. An early downregulation of cyclin D1 in the explanted retina might explain the reduction in numbers of precursors in explanted retina and suggests that external factors are required for maintenance of cyclin D1. The global view of gene profiles presented in this study will help define the molecular changes in retina explants over time and will provide criteria to define future changes that improve this model system.</p><p><strong>Electronic supplementary material: </strong>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12177-008-9009-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 2-4","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9009-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the molecular signatures integral to regenerating photoreceptors in the retina of the zebra fish.","authors":"Sonya E L Craig,&nbsp;Anda-Alexandra Calinescu,&nbsp;Peter F Hitchcock","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9011-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Investigating neuronal and photoreceptor regeneration in the retina of zebra fish has begun to yield insights into both the cellular and molecular means by which this lower vertebrate is able to repair its central nervous system. However, knowledge about the signaling molecules in the local microenvironment of a retinal injury and the transcriptional events they activate during neuronal death and regeneration is still lacking. To identify genes involved in photoreceptor regeneration, we combined light-induced photoreceptor lesions, laser-capture microdissection of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and analysis of gene expression to characterize transcriptional changes for cells in the ONL as photoreceptors die and are regenerated. Using this approach, we were able to characterize aspects of the molecular signature of injured and dying photoreceptors, cone photoreceptor progenitors, and microglia within the ONL. We validated changes in gene expression and characterized the cellular expression for three novel, extracellular signaling molecules that we hypothesize are involved in regulating regenerative events in the retina.</p><p><strong>Electronic supplementary material: </strong>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12177-008-9011-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 2-4","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of immune privilege in the anterior segment of the eye: what we learn from corneal transplantation.","authors":"Junko Hori","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9010-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9010-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eye, like the brain and reproductive organs, possesses inherent immune privilege, and inflammation is self-regulated so as to preserve the organ functions. Studies over the past 30 years have provided insights of the multiple mechanisms of immune privilege. At present, three major lines of thought prevail regarding the molecular mechanisms of immune privilege in the eye: there are (1) anatomical, cellular, and molecular barriers in the eye; (2) eye-derived immunological tolerance, the so-called anterior chamber-associated immune deviation; and (3) immune suppressive intraocular microenvironment. In this review, the mechanisms of immune privilege that have been learned from ocular inflammation animal models, especially corneal transplantation, are described. Roles of new B7 family molecules on local immune regulation within the cornea are also introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 2-4","pages":"94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9010-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Prediction of cis-regulatory elements controlling genes differentially expressed by retinal and choroidal vascular endothelial cells.","authors":"Dongseok Choi,&nbsp;Binoy Appukuttan,&nbsp;Sierra J Binek,&nbsp;Stephen R Planck,&nbsp;J Timothy Stout,&nbsp;James T Rosenbaum,&nbsp;Justine R Smith","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9012-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9012-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 2-4","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9012-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic 7-methylxanthine in retarding axial eye growth and myopia progression: a 36-month pilot study.","authors":"Klaus Trier,&nbsp;Søren Munk Ribel-Madsen,&nbsp;Dongmei Cui,&nbsp;Søren Brøgger Christensen","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9013-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9013-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adenosine antagonist 7-methylxanthine (7-mx) works against myopia in animal models. In a clinical trial, 68 myopic children (mean age 11.3 years) received either placebo or 7-mx tablets for 12 months. All participants subsequently received 7-mx for another 12 months, after which treatment was stopped. Axial length was measured with Zeiss IOL-Master and cycloplegic refraction with Nikon Retinomax at -6, 0, 12, 24, and 36 months. Axial growth was reduced among children treated with 7-mx for 24 months compared with those only treated for the last 12 months. Myopia progression and axial eye growth slowed down in periods with 7-mx treatment, but when the treatment was stopped, both myopia progression and axial eye growth continued with invariable speed. The results indicate that 7-mx reduces eye elongation and myopia progression in childhood myopia. The treatment is safe and without side effects and may be continued until 18-20 years of age when myopia progression normally stops.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 2-4","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9013-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empty E1, E3, E4 adenovirus vector protects photoreceptors from light-induced degeneration.","authors":"Hiroyasu Takita,&nbsp;Shin Yoneya,&nbsp;Peter L Gehlbach,&nbsp;Lisa L Wei,&nbsp;Keisuke Mori","doi":"10.1007/s12177-008-9004-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12177-008-9004-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously identified a neuroprotective effect associated with empty (E1(-), E3(-), E4(-)) adenovirus vector delivery in a model of light-induced, photoreceptor cell death. In this study, we further characterize this protective effect in light-injured retina and investigate its molecular basis. Dark-adapted BALB/c mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were exposed to standardized, intense fluorescent light for 96 or 144 h. Prior to dark adaptation, all mice received intravitreous injection of 1 x 10(9) particles of an empty (E1(-), E3(-), E4(-)) adenovirus vector in one eye and vehicle in the other. Following light challenge of 96 or 144 h, histopathological analysis and quantitative photoreceptor cell counts were conducted. Semiquantitative assessment of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for the apoptosis related genes: p50, p65, IkBa, caspase-1, caspase-3, Bad, c-Jun, Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, c-Fos, and p53 using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed on eyes following 12 h of light exposure. Following 96 h of light exposure, the photoreceptor cell density for E1(-), E3(-), E4(-) adenovirus vector and vehicle-injected eyes were 87.5 +/- 9.5 and 79.3 +/- 10.1, respectively, (p = 0.79). After 144 h of light exposure, the photoreceptor cell density was preserved in vector-injected eyes as compared to vehicle treated eyes, 68.9 +/- 10.0 and 49.2 +/- 4.6, respectively (p = 0.016). Relative mRNA levels of c-Fos and c-Jun at 12-h light exposure after injection differed significantly between vector- and vehicle-injected eyes (p = 0.036, 0.016, respectively). The expression of the other apoptosis-related genes evaluated was not significantly affected. This study investigates the molecular basis of photoreceptor neuroprotective pathway induction associated with E1(-), E3(-), E4(-) adenovirus vectors. The results indicate that empty adenovirus vectors protect photoreceptors from light-induced degeneration by the modulation of apoptotic pathways. Gene expression changes suggest that the suppression of c-Fos and c-Jun upregulation contributes significantly to the neuroprotective effect. Understanding the molecular basis of the neuroprotective pathway induction in photoreceptors is critical to the development of novel therapies for retinal degenerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73873,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ocular biology, diseases, and informatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s12177-008-9004-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28645377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}