Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of Nanofluid Rayleigh–Bénard Flows Between Two Parallel Plates: A Mesoscopic Modeling Study","authors":"Gui Lu, Y. Duan, Xiao-dong Wang","doi":"10.1115/1.4027987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027987","url":null,"abstract":"The developing and developed nanofluid Rayleigh‐Benard flows between two parallel plates was simulated using the mesoscopic thermal lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM). The coupled effects of the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity on the evolution of Rayleigh‐Benard flows were examined using different particle volume fractions (1‐4%), while the individual effects of the thermal conductivity and the dynamic viscosity were tested using various particle sizes (11nm, 20nm, and 30nm) and nanoparticle types (Al2O3, Cu, and CuO2). Two different heating modes were also considered. The results show that Rayleigh‐Benard cell in nanofluids is significantly different from that in pure fluids. The stable convection cells in nanofluids come from the expansion and shedding of an initial vortex pair, while the flow begins suddenly in pure water when the Rayleigh number reaches a critical value. Therefore, the average Nusselt number increases gradually for nanofluids but sharply for pure liquids. Uniform fully developed flow cells with fewer but larger vortex pairs are generated with the bottom heating with nanofluids than with pure liquid, with extremely tiny vortexes confined near the top heating plate for top heating. The number of vortex pairs decreases with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction and particle diameter due to the increasing of dynamic viscosity. The average Nusselt number increases with the increasing Rayleigh number, while decreases with the increasing nanoparticle diameters. The nanoparticle types have little effect on the Rayleigh‐Benard flow patterns. The Rayleigh‐Benard flows are more sensitive with the dynamic viscosity than the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4027987]","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"040905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4027987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63485956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Section on Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transport and Applications in Energy and Medicine","authors":"Calvin H. Li, S. Acharya, Y. Jaluria, D. Banerjee","doi":"10.1115/1.4028125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028125","url":null,"abstract":"Research and education in a wide range of studies involving micro/nanoscale heat and mass transfer have advanced the stateof-the-art rapidly over the past decades primarily due to technical advancements that provided the ability to manipulate materials precisely at the atomic/molecular level which has enabled the development of materials with novel properties. These advancements have significantly impacted the scientific and technological frontiers in the fields of energy and medicine. The studies have exhibited extremely rapid progresses in both fundamental understanding and industrial applications, especially in the areas of thermal management, drug delivery, and therapy. For example, stable colloidal solutions obtained by doping various solvents with minute concentration of nanoparticles (also called “nanofluids”) have attracted considerable attention in contemporary research due to their perceived superior heat transfer properties such as thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer. The number of research articles dedicated to this subject has been experiencing an exponential increase in the last decade [1], which has advanced the knowledge about the basic mechanisms responsible for their apparent superior transport properties such as the critical rheological behavior of nanofluids. These advancements also bear great promise in various industrial applications, such as for the developments of novel coolants (or heat transfer fluids, HTF) in heat exchangers, electronic cooling systems, automobile radiators, and concentrating solar power systems. Meanwhile, nanotechnology applications in medicine have also garnered significant attention in the research communities which has led to a fast growth in research activities and has resulted in many exciting discoveries. Four NIH sponsored nanomedicine centers were established in 2005 and hundreds of nanotech-based drugs and delivery systems have been developed worldwide. Sales of products developed using nanomedicine technologies reached over $6.8 billion in 2004, which involved over 200 companies and 38 products worldwide [2]. Moreover, an Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer has been established by the National Cancer Institute to accelerate the advances in nanomedicine revolutionaries of diagnostics, drug delivery, gene therapy, and many clinical applications. This special section is dedicated to the publication of recent developments of nanotechnology in energy and medicine applications, with the intention to provide yet another platform for researchers, educators, and practitioners around the world to exchange ideas on the state-of-the-art research and development and to identify future research needs in the interdisciplinary emerging fields of nanotechnology in energy and medicine. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to the authors for their contributions, especially their precious time and efforts invested in the special issue. We sincerely appreciate the service provided by the re","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"040201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4028125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63486199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Solid-State Phase Change Material Microcapsules for Thermal Management Applications","authors":"F. Cao, Jing Ye, Bao Yang","doi":"10.1115/1.4026970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026970","url":null,"abstract":"Polyalcohols such as neopentyl glycol (NPG) undergo solid-state crystal transformations that absorb/release sufficient latent heat. These solid-solid phase change materials (PCM) can be used in practical thermal management applications without concerns about liquid leakage and thermal expansion during phase transition. In this paper, microcapsules of NPG encapsulated in silica shell were successfully synthesized with the use of the emulsion technique. The size of the microcapsules was in the range of 0.2–4 μm, and the thickness of the silica shell was about 30 nm. It was found that the endothermic event of the phase change behavior of these NPG-silica microcapsules was initiated at around 39 °C and the latent heat was about 96.0 J/g. A large supercooling of about 43.3 °C was observed in the pure NPG particles without shell. The supercooling of the NPG microcapsules can be reduced to about 14 °C due to the heterogeneous nucleation sites provided by the silica shell. These NPG microcapsules were added into heat transfer fluid PAO to enhance its heat capacity. The effective heat capacity of the fluids can be increased by 56% by adding 20 wt. % NPG-silica microcapsules.Copyright © 2013 by ASME","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"040901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63484175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Small-Scale Cryosurgery Using Ultrafine Cryoprobe","authors":"J. Okajima, A. Komiya, S. Maruyama","doi":"10.1115/1.4027988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027988","url":null,"abstract":"Cryosurgery is one of the surgical treatments using a frozen phenomenon in biological tissue. In order to reduce the invasiveness of cryosurgery, the miniaturization of cryoprobe, which is a cooling device for cryosurgery, has been required. The authors have developed a ultrafine cryoprobe for realizing low-invasive cryosurgery by the local freezing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the small-scale cryosurgery using the ultrafine cryoprobe experimentally and numerically.The ultrafine cryoprobe has a double-tube structure and consists of two stainless microtube. The outer diameter of ultrafine cryoprobe was 550 μm. The inner tube, which has 70 μm in inner diameter, depressurizes the high-pressure liquidized refrigerant. Depressurized refrigerant changes its state to two-phase and passes through the gap between outer and inner tube. The alternative Freon of HFC-23 was used as a refrigerant, which has the boiling point of −82°C at 0.1 MPa.The cooling performance of this ultrafine cryoprobe was tested by the freezing experiment of the gelated water kept at 37°C. The gelated water at 37°C is a substitute of the biological tissue. As a result of the cooling in 1 minute, the surface temperature of the ultrafine cryoprobe was reached at −35°C and the radius of frozen region was 2 mm.In order to evaluate the temperature distribution in the frozen region, the numerical simulation was conducted. The two-dimensional axisymmetric bioheat transfer equation with phase change was solved. By using the result from the numerical simulation, the temperature distribution in the frozen region and expected necrosis area is discussed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"040906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4027988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63485997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Producing Fuels and Fine Chemicals from Biomass Using Nanomaterials","authors":"R. Luque, A. M. Balu","doi":"10.1115/1.4027827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"016501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4027827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63486080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Cyanuric Acid by Electrochemical Cyclic Voltammetry Method Using CuGeO3 Nanowires as Modified Electrode Materials","authors":"L. Pei, Y. Xie, Y. Pei, Z. Cai, C. Fan","doi":"10.1115/1.4026024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"031003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63482644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cutting Fluid With Nanoinclusions","authors":"M. Amrita, R. Srikant, AV Sitaramaraju","doi":"10.1115/1.4026843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026843","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and economic concerns on use of cutting fluids have led to use of minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL) system, which uses minute quantity of cutting fluids, demanding a specialized fluid with improved properties. Investigation of any newly developed cutting fluid would be complete if it is evaluated with respect to its machinability, environmental and economic aspects. The present work investigates the viscosity, machinability characteristics, environmental effects, and economic aspects of a newly developed nanocutting fluid with varying concentrations of graphite nanoparticles applied at different flow rates to machining operation. It is found that the machinability improved with respect to conventional cutting fluid and this improvement increased with increase in concentration of nanoinclusions in the range 0.1–0.5 wt. % and also with increase in the flow rate. A regression model is developed for nanocutting fluids to estimate tool wear when used in the range 0.1–0.5 wt. % at flow rates 5 ml/min to 15 ml/min. The biodegradability is found to decrease with inclusion of nanoparticles due to the inorganic nature of selected nanoparticle. But its application as MQCL is ecofriendly as the nanocutting fluid is not disposed to the environment and graphite in it is neither toxic nor hazardous. Based on economic aspect, MQCL application with conventional cutting fluid and few cases of nanocutting fluids are found to be economic compared to flood lubrication. So a compromise has to be obtained between the economic and machinability aspects to choose an optimum cutting fluid.","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"031007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63483738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Fabrication of a Microfluidic Device for Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles","authors":"B. Çetin, Mehmet D. Aşık, Serdar Taze","doi":"10.1115/1.4026287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026287","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan nanoparticles have a biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic structure, and are commonly used for drug delivery systems. In this study, design, modeling, and fabrication methodology of a microfluidic device for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles is presented. In the modeling, 2D flow and concentration field is computed using COMSOL Multiphysics R simulation environment to predict the performance of the device. The microfluidic chip is fabricated out of PDMS. The fabrication of the mold for the microfluidic device is performed using high-precision micromachining. Some preliminary proofof-concept experiments were performed. It was observed that compared to conventional batch-type methods, the proposed microfluidic device can perform the synthesis much faster and in a much automated and convenient manner. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026287]","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"031004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63482305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Protein Facilitated Water and Nutrient Transport in Plant Phloem","authors":"Tsun-kay Jackie Sze, P. Dutta, Jin Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4026519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026519","url":null,"abstract":"Biological systems use transporter proteins to create concentration gradients for a variety of purposes. In plant, sucrose transporter proteins play a vital role in driving fluid flow through the phloem by generating chemical potential. In this study, we investigate these nanoscale phenomena of protein directed active transport in a microscale biological system. We presented a mathematical model for protein facilitated sucrose loading considering six different states of the sucrose transporter protein. In addition, we developed a quasi-one dimensional transport model to study protein facilitated pumping mechanisms in plant phloem. Here we specifically study the influence of transporter protein reaction rates, apoplast proton concentration, membrane electrical potential, and cell membrane hydraulic permeability on flow through the phloem. This study reveals that increasing companion cell side deprotonation rate significantly enhances the sieve tube sugar concentrations, which results in much higher water transport. Lower apoplast pH increases the transport rate, but the flow control is less noticeable for a pH less than 5. A more negative membrane electrical potential difference will significantly accelerate the transporter proteins’ ability to pump water and nutrients. Higher companion cell and sieve element membrane hydraulic permeability also promotes flows through the phloem; however, the flow difference is less noticeable at higher permeabilities when near typical plant cell membrane ranges. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026519]","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"031005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63483173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets Using First Principles","authors":"R. Ansari, S. Malakpour, M. Faghihnasiri, Shahram Ajori","doi":"10.1115/1.4026207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4026207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73845,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology in engineering and medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"034501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1115/1.4026207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63482579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}