Zy Chee Wong, Leong Seng Lim, Annita Seok Kian Yong, Hiroaki Saito, Motohiko Sano, Kazuhiko Anraku, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami, Abdul Aziz Jaziri, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal
{"title":"Antiviral mechanism of Lactobacillus in aquaculture: A minireview.","authors":"Zy Chee Wong, Leong Seng Lim, Annita Seok Kian Yong, Hiroaki Saito, Motohiko Sano, Kazuhiko Anraku, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami, Abdul Aziz Jaziri, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral pathogens persistently threaten global aquaculture by causing serious economic losses and compromising food security. This urgency highlights the need for sustainable alternatives to conventional control methods. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly Lactobacillus strains, have emerged as promising biocontrol agents due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status and multifaceted antimicrobial properties. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of antiviral properties of Lactobacillus in aquaculture. The first line of defense involves direct virion inactivation through physicochemical interactions that sequester viral particles, combined with capsid destabilization by Lactobacillus metabolites. Subsequently, probiotics modulate host cell receptors to reduce viral attachment and entry. Finally, Lactobacillus strains stimulate systemic and mucosal antiviral immunity in aquatic hosts. By integrating these mechanisms, Lactobacillus establishes a multi-layered defense against viral intrusion. These mechanistic insights can guide the strategic application of Lactobacillus to enhance biosecurity and support the sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rozaimie Abdulrahman, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal, Muhamad Afiq Aziz, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami
{"title":"Halophilic lactic acid bacteria: A minireview of their prospects in marine aquaculture health management.","authors":"Rozaimie Abdulrahman, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal, Muhamad Afiq Aziz, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sustainable management of diseases in marine fish aquaculture remains a critical challenge, thus exploring the alternative to control the disease is needed. Probiotics offers the advantages for disease control compared to other strategies and for some extremophiles, particularly halophilic bacteria, are gaining attention. This minireview examines the probiotic potential of halophilic bacteria as eco-friendly alternatives for disease control in marine fish farming. Halophilic bacteria, naturally adapted to high-salinity environments through specialized physiological mechanisms, offer distinct advantages over conventional probiotics that often fail to survive in marine conditions. Various studies have demonstrated that halophilic bacteria exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities while enhancing growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and immune parameters in aquaculture species. Given the substantial contribution of marine fish to global food security and the specific challenges faced in their farming, halophilic bacteria particularly halophilic lactic acid bacteria with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status represent promising and sustainable alternatives for health management in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral activity of highly purified hypochlorous acid water.","authors":"Takayuki Mokudai, Atsuo Iwasawa, Kenji Kikuchi, Yoshimi Niwano","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.2_67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study demonstrates that high-purity hypochlorous acid water (HP-HAW) produced via reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration exhibits rapid, broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antiviral activity, comparable to that of hypochlorous acid water (HAW) prepared without RO membrane treatment. Common vegetative bacteria, dermatophytes, and Candida albicans were completely inactivated within 10 s, indicating excellent performance for routine disinfection. HP-HAW also showed moderate efficacy against Mycobacterium abscessus but limited activity against M. avium, M. kansasii, and spore-forming bacteria. Filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger were more resistant than the other fungal species tested, requiring longer exposure. Strong antiviral activity was observed against adenoviruses, influenza virus, norovirus, and others, although some enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus A6 and B5) were resistant. Overall, HP-HAW demonstrates promising disinfectant properties comparable to those of HAW without RO membrane filtration; however, its limited efficacy against certain pathogens should be considered for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 2","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of preheating on high hydrostatic pressure-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.","authors":"Kazuya Morimatsu","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of preheating on high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores. HHP-induced germination at 100 MPa was accelerated by preheating at 50-70 °C and suppressed at 80-100 °C. Conversely, HHP germination induction at 600 MPa was accelerated with increasing preheating temperature from 50 to 100 °C. Additionally, preheating at 90 °C suppressed HHP-induced germination at 100-300 MPa, exerted no effect at 400-500 MPa, and promoted induction at 600 MPa. In conclusion, the impact of preheating on HHP-induced germination varies with both pressure level and preheating temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brenda Del Rosario Saldaña-Morales, Vidal Hernández-García, Nidia Del Carmen Ríos-DE León, Claudio Ríos-Velasco, Daniel Alonso Pérez-Corral, Sergio Casas-Flores, Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina
{"title":"Endophytic fungi isolated from coffee plants promote Arabidopsis thaliana growth and suppress soil-borne fungal pathogens.","authors":"Brenda Del Rosario Saldaña-Morales, Vidal Hernández-García, Nidia Del Carmen Ríos-DE León, Claudio Ríos-Velasco, Daniel Alonso Pérez-Corral, Sergio Casas-Flores, Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic beneficial microorganisms are widely used in agriculture for promoting plant growth and enhancing plant defense mechanisms. This study aimed to characterize endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of coffee plants cultivated in organic agroforestry systems and evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents against fungal pathogens, as well as their ability to promote plant growth. Biocontrol activity was assessed using in vitro dual-culture assays on potato dextrose agar, measuring the inhibition of pathogen growth. Plant growth promotion was evaluated by co-cultivating Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with fungal isolates on Murashige and Skoog medium. Isolates were further subjected to both qualitative and quantitative biochemical characterization. A total of 18 endophytic fungal strains were identified and classified in five genera: Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Simplicillium, Lasiodiplodia and Trichoderma. Among these, ten Trichoderma isolates demonstrated strong antagonistic activity against selected fungal pathogens and significantly enhanced the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings in vitro. These beneficial effects were associated with the production of siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid, as well as the apparent nitrogen availability -- likely mediated through interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an additive for simple enhanced selectivity of selective agar plates for the detection of Legionella.","authors":"Hiroaki Inoue, Manami Kitazume, Yukie Saito","doi":"10.4265/jmc.30.3_103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.30.3_103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CAT agar plates, which contain cycloheximide, amphotericin B and thiabendazole as antifungal agents and vancomycin and polymyxin B as antibiotics, are selective agars with enhanced selectivity for Legionella detection, but preparation of these plates is not easy. We have therefore developed a CAT additive that produces CAT agars by simply spreading the additive on GVPC agars. GVPC agars that had been spread with the CAT additive performed as well as or better than CAT agars in detecting Legionella in concentrated stock samples of environmental water. The CAT additive would be effective for Legionella testing such as in cooling tower water samples, which are often contaminated with non-target microorganisms, and for retesting when Legionella cannot be detected due to the effects of contamination by non-target microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"30 3","pages":"103-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bactericidal Action of Ethanol-soluble Lignin from Steam-exploded Rice Straw Combined with Ultraviolet-A Irradiation.","authors":"Akihiro Shirai, Akihiro Suzuki, Yoshitoshi Nakamura, Chikako Asada","doi":"10.4265/jmc.30.3_81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.30.3_81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the bactericidal effect of ethanol-soluble lignin (ESL) from rice straw under ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation. Following steam explosion pretreatment of rice straw, ethanol extraction was used to separate the lignin. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the ESL was 258 mg/g (gallic acid equivalent). Under UV-A irradiation, ESL exhibited bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria at ≤10 mg TPC/L. Fluorescence experiments demonstrated significant adsorption of ESL to the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus. Scanning electron microscopy revealed membrane deformation, producing many vesicles on the cell surface, when the ESL was activated by UV-A irradiation. These morphological changes were associated with an increase in membrane permeability, which elevated cell counts stained with propidium iodide to 51% and resulted in a 57% decrease in the intracellular ATP level. ESL exposed to UV-A light generated hydrogen peroxide. Addition of a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or replacement of dissolved oxygen with argon gas in a bacterial suspension significantly suppressed the synergistic bactericidal activity of ESL and UV-A radiation, indicating that ROS are involved in the bactericidal mechanism. Organosolv lignin pretreated using steam explosion can be developed for antimicrobial application in combination with UV-A irradiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"30 3","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simple Detection of Culturable Legionella pneumophila in Cooling Tower Water Samples using Legiolert.","authors":"Hiroaki Inoue, Masaki Okamoto, Miyuki Katada, Tatsuyuki Kaneko, Masato Sensui, Hiroaki Nakata, Hironori Hattori","doi":"10.4265/jmc.30.3_99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.30.3_99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compared the results of Legionella pneumophila detection in cooling tower water samples using Legiolert and the conventional plate culture method. Both 1 mL and 10 mL volumes of cooling tower water samples were analyzed using Legiolert. The concordance rate of the Legiolert-1 mL test and the plate culture method was 86.7%. The Legiolert-10 mL test and the plate culture method showed 85.0% concordance. Legiolert would be effective for hygiene control in cooling towers because it can easily detect viable L. pneumophila in cooling tower water and produces results comparable to the conventional plate culture method.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"30 3","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial flora analyses and isolation of adhesive bacteria on fabrics washed by home laundry.","authors":"Hiroaki Okuda, Hirofumi Noda, Mugihei Ikemizu, Katsuya Wakita, Yoshinobu Matsumura","doi":"10.4265/jmc.30.1_1","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.30.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this report, microbial cells on washed fabrics and in washing water in home laundry were analyzed, in order to suppress malodors and construct a highly sanitary home laundry system. Many bacterial cells (10<sup>9</sup>-10<sup>10</sup> cells/g dry fabric) were detected from washed fabrics emitting relative strong malodors even after washing. Detergents with or without antimicrobial agents partially removed the microorganism cells and more than 20% of cells survived even after washing and drying in almost all households. Bacterial flora analyses of washed fabrics revealed the presence of several typical genera: Enhydrobacter sp., Paracoccus sp., Sphingomonas sp., Roseomonas sp. and Kocuria sp. These results indicated that it is difficult to remove or eliminate microbial cells adhering to clothes and fabrics in home laundry. This report also indicated certain typical bacteria (adhesive type) seem to adhere or attach to fabrics, while bacteria (transient type) found in washing water have low adhesivity to fabrics. Therefore, understanding the adhesive properties of bacteria on fabrics may permit more efficient removal of microorganisms and reduction of malodors in home laundry.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of a Membrane Filter Protocol for Direct Identification of Microorganisms in Dog Ear Discharge using MALDI-TOF MS.","authors":"Hiroto Maeda, Miki Sawatari, Momori Shimizu, Takayuki Ishige, Toshibumi Taniguchi, Toshifumi Watanabe, Kazuyuki Sogawa","doi":"10.4265/jmc.30.2_33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.30.2_33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis externa is an ear disease that is present in 10-20% of dogs. Bacterial organisms are a common cause, and infection may cause severe and chronic inflammation. Thus, there is a need for early detection and identification of bacteria in ear discharge samples. In this study, 31 such samples were analyzed to identify microorganisms using MALDI-TOF MS with pretreatment using a membrane filtration protocol and a rapid BACpro II kit, compared to pretreatment with a rapid BACpro II kit alone. Reliable scores for E. coli and E. faecalis were obtained after inoculation of samples with 1.0×10<sup>4</sup> CFU/ml using the membrane filter with the rapid BACpro II kit, with approximately 10-fold higher sensitivity compared to rapid BACpro pretreatment alone. Among 31 bacteria-positive colonies in the samples, MALDI-TOF MS and membrane filtration (0.80 µm) with a rapid BACpro II kit was significantly more accurate compared to use of the kit alone (29 (82.9%) vs. 17 (48.6%) isolates identified, p<0.001). These results show that MALDI-TOF MS with a membrane filter and a rapid BACpro II kit is a quick and reliable method for bacterial identification in ear discharge samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"30 2","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}