{"title":"Comparison of the fungal flora in bedding and floor dust.","authors":"Kazuhiro Hashimoto","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_35","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>House dust was simultaneously collected from bedding and bedroom floors in 40 homes between 2021 and 2022, and the fungal flora was examined using a culture-based method. Although there was no significant difference in the total fungal count between bedding and floors, several fungi taxa were found to be significantly more abundant in bedding. In particular, Alternaria spp. and Aspergillus section Versicolores were disproportionately more prevalent in bedding samples. Furthermore, compared to previous studies, an increase in wood flooring was observed in the sampled homes, suggesting a potential suppression of xerophilic house dust fungi such as Aspergillus section Restricti.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 1","pages":"35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First evidence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum as an effective antagonist against Rigidoporus microporus.","authors":"Jingyi Wang, Masaru Matsumoto","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_63","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rigidoporus microporus, the causal agent of white root rot, remains a persistent threat in tropical plantations, and sustainable control methods are needed. In this study, fifty Trichoderma isolates collected in Japan were first screened for antagonistic activity against a Japanese R. microporus isolate. The top 20% (ten isolates) showing strong inhibition were subjected to a second evaluation in which the pathogen had already established substantial growth, resulting in the selection of six robust strains. Molecular identification (ITS+TEF) revealed three species: T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, and T. lixii. Representative isolates of each species were further tested against three additional R. microporus isolates from Indonesia. Among all strains examined, WT2415 (T. longibrachiatum) consistently exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity across all pathogen isolates. These results provide the first evidence that T. longibrachiatum can act as an effective antagonist against R. microporus, highlighting its potential as a biological control agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 2","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaoutar Hafdane, Noemie Desriac, Anne-Gabrielle Mathot, Clement Trunet, Yvan LE Marc, Louis Coroller, Ivan Leguerinel
{"title":"Influence of environmental conditions on the life cycle of spore-forming bacteria.","authors":"Kaoutar Hafdane, Noemie Desriac, Anne-Gabrielle Mathot, Clement Trunet, Yvan LE Marc, Louis Coroller, Ivan Leguerinel","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_1","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the fundamental mechanisms behind sporulation, germination, and outgrowth of spore-forming bacteria, with a focus on how environmental conditions affect these processes. By detailing factors such as temperature, pH, and water activity, it examines how these elements influence transitions between vegetative growth, sporulation, and germination, as well as the quality of the spores produced, particularly their resistance and germination ability. The review also addresses the heterogeneity observed in the spore-forming bacteria life cycle, particularly variation in germination and outgrowth responses, as well as phenomena such as cannibalism, competence, and biofilm formation. It highlights the significance of these factors for understanding the persistence and dispersal of spores across different environments. The implications of these mechanisms are particularly relevant for the food industry, where effective management of contamination by spores is critical for controlling food spoilage and safety. It also has important implications for biotechnology. A better understanding of how environmental conditions influence spore properties can help optimize the production of spores with specific resistance or germination traits suited to their intended applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In vitro anti-Acanthamoeba activity of Marmara Sea-derived Actinomycetes and cytotoxicity of human HaCaT and MCF-7 cell lines.","authors":"Zuhal Zeybek, Elif Özlem Arslan Aydoğdu, Gülnihan Selim, Berfin Bayazit","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_55","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acanthamoeba is widely distributed in various habitats such as soil, water and can cause fatal infections in humans. With the global incidence of Acanthamoeba infections increasing and no specific treatment currently available, research into novel anti-Acanthamoeba agents remains essential. Similarly, cancer cases are also rising worldwide, and effective treatments continue to be a major challenge. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the anti-Acanthamoeba and anticancer activities of marine Actinomycetes isolated from Türkiye. Fifteen Actinomycetes cell-free supernatants were prepared and used in this study. To evaluate anti-Acanthamoeba effects, Acanthamoeba strains isolated from swimming pools in our previous research as well as standard Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii ) strains, were employed. The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line served as models for assessing cytotoxic activity. Three Actinomycetes supernatants (20%) demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against all tested Acanthamoeba strains. MCF-7 cells were found to be more sensitive to one supernatant across all tested dilutions. These findings suggest that marine-derived Actinomycetes, are promising candidates for Acanthamoeba trophozoites. Moreover, the results may guide future research on cytotoxic bacterial metabolites produced by marine Actinomycetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 2","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High hydrostatic pressure treatment in the presence of a food emulsifier to reduce heat resistance of bacterial spores.","authors":"Seishiro Ariyoshi, Chika Yoshida, Risa Kuramoto, Satoshi Sekimoto, Daisuke Hamanaka","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_39","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Establishing a technique that can inactivate highly heat-resistant bacterial spores under milder conditions would be of great benefit in terms of ensuring food safety and extending shelf life. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) and the addition of a food emulsifier (sucrose fatty acid ester; SE) on two bacterial spores (Bacillus spizizeni and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris). The results demonstrated that supplementing HPP at 50 MPa with SE significantly reduced the heat resistance of both spores. In particular, A. acidoterrestris spores were more sensitive to treatment than the B. spizizenii spores. HPP combined with SE resulted in a 4 log reduction in A. acidoterrestris spores, whereas a 2 log reduction was observed for B. spizizenii spores. Additionally, heat treatment following HPP combined with SE further inactivated B. spizizenii spores by 0.5 log. To evaluate practical applications in the food industry, the effect of the SE-HPP combination in the presence of glucose, a representative nutrient component, was also assessed. The findings indicated that the heat resistance of A. acidoterrestris spores was reduced, with viable spore counts falling below the detection limit (less than 10 CFU/mL). These results suggest that this approach may enhance the efficiency of HPP in bacterial spore control for food processing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of dead fungal counts on window frames via real-time PCR.","authors":"Nobuo Hamada, Takashi Baba, Junji Taguchi, Kazuhiro Harada, Fumitoshi Ogino","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In winter, condensation often causes fungal contamination on glazing beads inside the lower frames of windows. In this study, live and dead fungi present on 12 windows were examined during different seasons. Cladosporium halotolerans was predominantly detected, followed by Aureobasidium pullulans, both of which are common dark fungi. The total fungal including both live and dead fungi was quantified by real-time PCR. A significant correlation was noted between the counts of live and total fungi on different beads. The average live fungal count on beads sharply decreased under severe conditions, such as exposure to drought and heat, from February-October. Comparatively, the number of dead fungi gradually decreased as fragments remained attached to beads. Notably, dead cell counts were higher than those of live cells, with dead fungi contributing to dirt more than live fungi did. Therefore, common fungicidal treatment is ineffective for cleaning beads. The degree of dirt on beads likely depends on the melanin levels in dead fungal cells (predominantly C. halotolerans). Despite the dead cell counts of C. halotolerans decreasing to one-quarter of the initial values from winter to autumn, dirt levels on beads remained unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbiological analysis of the antibacterial effects of sprays applied to non-woven fabric masks.","authors":"Takashi Abe, Mirai Sekiguchi, Anna Wakui, Shingo Maruyama, Hiroto Sano, Miho Kawachi, Manami Imai, Yuki Kato, Haruna Sato, Rika Okabe, Yuki Abiko, Jumpei Washio, Kaori Tanaka, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Takuichi Sato","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study characterized the microbiota on lip-contact surfaces of worn non-woven fabric masks and evaluated the effects of commercially available mask sprays. Masks worn by six healthy volunteers were sampled, cultured anaerobically, and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis, since anaerobic cultures are known to yield a larger and more diverse microbial community of the microbiota on worn non-woven fabric masks (Maruyama et al. 2022). The mean bacterial concentration on worn masks was (1.4 ± 0.9) × 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL. Among 299 isolates, Cutibacterium (75.3%) and Staphylococcus (19.4%) were predominant. Several sprays markedly reduced bacterial counts (to 10¹-10² CFU/mL), whereas others showed limited effects. Overall, mask sprays variably reduced bacterial contamination on lip-contact surfaces of worn non-woven fabric masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami, Abdul Aziz Jaziri
{"title":"Eco-innovation in aquaculture: A minireview on the prospect of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction for disease management.","authors":"Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami, Abdul Aziz Jaziri","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_25","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.1_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture disease management, historically reliant on antibiotics and synthetic chemicals, requires sustainable and effective alternatives for microbial control. One of the strategies is by utilizing bioactive compound from natural product. However, the current method of extraction requires a huge amount of solvent and cause detrimental to the end product. Thus, this lead to extraction strategy using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>). This minireview explores the application of SC-CO<sub>2</sub> extraction as a green technology for disease management in aquaculture. SC-CO<sub>2</sub> operates as a clean, selective solvent, efficiently isolating high-purity bioactive compounds from plant, algal, and fishery by-products without toxic solvent residues. Unlike conventional extraction methods, SC-CO<sub>2</sub> preserves thermolabile antimicrobial compounds, yielding extracts with enhanced bioactivity against aquatic pathogens. By providing effective, natural alternatives to antibiotics, SC-CO<sub>2</sub> technology directly contributes to disease control in aquaculture. The integration of SC-CO<sub>2</sub>-derived natural products represents a transformative strategy for sustainable microbial control while aligning with the principles of environmental safety and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based method for the rapid detection and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes from food products.","authors":"Megumi Suzuki Ando, Kohei Nakamura, Michiru Kishimoto","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_45","DOIUrl":"10.4265/jmc.31.2_45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is found in various environmental sources, including animal intestinal tracts, soil, and sewage. LM can contaminate various food products, including meat, seafood, cheese, fruits, and vegetables. Individuals with underlying medical conditions, the elderly, pregnant women, and infants, may develop meningitis and sepsis upon consuming LM-contaminated food. A rapid and standardized quantification method for evaluating initial contamination levels of LM in food remains to be established. This study aimed to develop a rapid quantification method to monitor LM contamination in food handling facilities. A regression equation was developed to determine the concentrations of LM cells before and after enrichment. Regression equations developed to estimate LM cell concentrations in food samples (ground poultry and green salad) were evaluated. The concentrations of LM cells in ground poultry and green salad before enrichment were 2.44 and 2.92 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g, respectively, and the concentrations obtained using a rapid qPCR-based detection and quantification method were 2.05 and 3.27 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g, respectively. The proposed method can semi-quantitatively estimate LM contamination at approximately 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g of food, which is the maximum allowable level of LM contamination in foods. This study may serve as a basis for establishing and improving hygiene management systems and preventing listeriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 2","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sporicidal activity of sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate against Bacillus spores under acidic and high-temperature conditions.","authors":"Seiichi Tobe, Yasuki Kato, Akinori Inoue, Yuichi Fujiwara","doi":"10.4265/jmc.31.3_89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4265/jmc.31.3_89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sporicidal activity of sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), a major anionic surfactant used in detergents, against Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus was evaluated. Bacterial suspensions including spores were treated with 0.01-10 mM LAS under various pH (2.7-7.8) and temperature conditions (25°C-70°C). Zeta potential analysis and spore quantification were performed to explore the mechanism of action of LAS. LAS displayed pronounced sporicidal activity only under both acidic conditions (pH ≤5) and elevated temperature (≥50°C). In the presence of 1 mM LAS in 10 mM citric acid (pH 2.7) at 70°C, B. subtilis spore counts were reduced by >5.7 log<sub>10</sub> colony forming units/mL within 5 min. Zeta potential measurements and HPLC quantification indicated enhanced penetration of LAS into spores at both low pH and high temperature. Considering that the typical LAS concentration in commercial cleaning formulations is approximately 1 mM, the present findings suggest that common detergent systems can achieve significant sporicidal activities when combined with high-temperature washing protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":73831,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microorganism control","volume":"31 3","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}