Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities最新文献

{"title":"The Evolution of Dignity: An Intervention Model to Engage and Retain HIV-Positive Black Women in Care.","authors":"Ivy Turnbull, Deane Taylor, Alicia Beatty, June Trimble, Elizabeth Cabrera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Black community is currently battling two pandemics, one is HIV, and the other is COVID-19. Similarly, as with HIV, COVID-19 has shone a spotlight on our healthcare system's structural failings and revealed the disproportionate impact on the Black community, particularly Black women. Black women accounted for the largest proportion of new HIV diagnoses (58 %) among all women in 2018 and represented about one-quarter of new HIV diagnoses among all Black Americans. Additionally, Black women's exposure to an abundance of misinformation about the COVID-19 infection resulted in an increased risk of complications and death from the COVID-19 virus compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Factors that increase HIV transmission risks for Black women include living in poverty, intimate partner violence, and stigma associated with HIV. Moreover, environmental, physical, cultural, financial, social, and psychological barriers are identified as unique challenges for this population's cohort. After being diagnosed with HIV, Black often were unable to access quality HIV care. Access and retention in care are tantamount to the overall well-being of women who are HIV positive. Frequently healthcare providers may attempt to engage and retain patients using only clinical measures. Our non-clinical intervention, The Evolution of Dignity, supports medical outcomes by creating a process that empowers women to motivate themselves toward improved health outcomes while ensuring their engagement and retention in care. Thus, by implementing our comprehensive intervention, all of the necessary elements contributing and promoting improved service utilization and medical adherence are integrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"134-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930504/pdf/jhsh-11-134.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wisdom Matters: Honoring the Wisdom and Assessing the Health Literacy of Black Women Living with HIV.","authors":"Ndidiamaka Amutah-Onukagha,&nbsp;Nathanaelle Ibeziako,&nbsp;Celsea Tibbitt,&nbsp;LeAnn Louis,&nbsp;Aishwarya Amarnath","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low literacy levels in Black women with HIV (WWH) have been shown to amplify pre-existing health disparities and sequelae of non-adherence to health-related guidance. Wisdom Matters is a community-based participatory research program with an aim of improving health literacy in populations of Black WWH and assessing the existing knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding HIV care delivery and psychosocial barriers in these populations. Our research was conducted in Boston, MA, where 17 Black WWH were recruited to complete a 6-week curriculum designed to provide a thorough and cohesive path to empowerment, both individually and collectively, pertaining to living with HIV. Data collection was augmented through pre- and posttest data as well as qualitative data collected via focus groups. Content and narrative analyses of these qualitative data demonstrate individual and group improvement in the areas of nutrition, medication adherence, stress management, and disclosure of HIV status after participation in the Wisdom Matters program. The study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of health literacy interventions based within community settings and addresses gaps in literacy that healthcare workers can prioritize in the education of their patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"204-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930510/pdf/jhsh-11-204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improve the Quality of Life Related to HIV and the Black Community: HIV and AIDS Inequity in the Black Community: Proximal Solutions to Distal Determinants.","authors":"Alicia L Best,&nbsp;Anastasia Wynn,&nbsp;Chukwuemeka Emmanuel Ogbu,&nbsp;Stefani Nixon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This literature review describes the historical impact of HIV and AIDS among Black populations in United States (US), as well as the misalignment between root causes of HIV-related inequities and HIV prevention efforts. Specifically, we describe how distal factors (including structural racism) contribute to the disproportionate rates of HIV infection within Black communities. Further, we highlight consequences of focusing primarily on proximal determinants of acquiring HIV. Finally, we share some brief conclusions and recommendations to help move towards eliminating HIV and AIDS inequities among Black populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930518/pdf/jhsh-11-25.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Public and Private Funding to Implement Opt-out HIV Screening Programs in Rural and Urban Emergency Departments in South Carolina Discovered a High Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Black Patients.","authors":"Phillip Moschella,&nbsp;Smith Heavner,&nbsp;Susan Cordero Romero,&nbsp;Jess Knapp,&nbsp;Prerana Roth,&nbsp;Alain H Litwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new epicenter of the ongoing HIV epidemic in the United States is the South. Specifically, South Carolina (SC) is listed a priority state as part of the CDC's Ending the Epidemic Plan for America. A novel opt-out HIV screening program was implemented in one rural and one urban Emergency Department (ED) within a large SC health system. Leveraging both public and private funding sources, which made both the testing and linkage processes cost neutral, ED based screening was provided for 2304 Black patients which represents an 44% increase. As part of this screening program a total of 50 individuals were linked to care of which 29 were Black. The rate of HIV positivity for Black patients using this ED based screening program was nearly double that of the baseline health system screening. This program's utilization of the health system electronic health record (EHR) and funding from various sources may provide a model for legislative and public health entities to combat the HIV epidemic in the South.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930519/pdf/jhsh-11-163.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (Contrasted) Ethics of Covid-19 and HIV: Will the Favor be Returned?","authors":"Hope E Campbell,&nbsp;Jacinda C Abdul-Mutakabbir,&nbsp;David Augustin Hodge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With 118,000 cases in 114 countries and 4291 global mortalities, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The origins were believed to be from Wuhan, China, and SARS CoV-2, a coronavirus, was quickly identified as the causative organism. Researchers at the National Institute of Health Vaccine Research Center identified the spike protein as the critical portion of the virus that allows for attachment to human cells. In just 66 days after identifying the genetic sequence, the first COVID-19 vaccine candidate began the enrollment of human subjects into a Phase I clinical trial. This accelerated effort was due to a collective and collaborative global response. Currently, one COVID-19 vaccine has been approved and two others have received an emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Thus, there has been a clear comparison of the COVID-19 response efforts and that which was utilized in addressing the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic. For over four decades, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been historically defined by a disproportionate number of infections and related mortalities amongst racially and ethnically minoritized individuals, including those that identify as homosexual. While novel drug therapies have been developed for the treatment of HIV/AIDS; there have been key components employed amid the global health response to COVID-19, that have been absent from the management of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Majorly, the development and availability of vaccine against HIV/AIDS. Many of the ideas and initiatives that have resulted in a positive COVID-19 response and the eventual successful vaccination development; have been those learned from the trial and error of mitigating increasing global rates of HIV/AIDS infections. Hence, the question remains as to whether the lessons and approaches learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely vaccination development, will be applied to managing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Herein, we aim to compare the HIV/AIDS epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic, by describing how the fight against HIV/AIDs equipped global scientific leaders with effective strategies to overcome future public health crises (COVID-19), discuss the ethical considerations associated with the differences in the global health responses to the HIV/ AIDS epidemic versus the COVID-19 pandemic, and finally, identify lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic that can be applied to the quest for an HIV/AIDS vaccine..</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"107-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930501/pdf/jhsh-11-107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Testing and Associated Characteristics Among Black Cisgender and Transgender Women in the United States.","authors":"Jaleah D Rutledge,&nbsp;Kaston Anderson-Carpenter,&nbsp;Jae Puckett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black women in the United States continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. HIV testing is an important preventative step in the HIV continuum of care, however there is little known about HIV testing among these groups. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the HIV testing behaviors of Black transgender women and explore differences in predictors of HIV testing among Black cisgender and transgender women. This study uses secondary data from the 2014-2017 modules of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Analyses included multiple hierarchical regression. There are no major differences in HIV testing between Black cisgender and transgender women. A number of sociodemographic characteristics have been shown to predict HIV testing among Black cisgender women, but only employment status and age were significant predictors of HIV testing among Black transgender women. A moderation analysis suggested that gender identity significantly moderates the association between employment status and HIV testing such that the relationship between employment status and receiving an HIV test differs by gender identity. The findings of this study highlight nuances in HIV testing among Black cisgender and transgender women that are useful for improving HIV testing as a mode of HIV prevention. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of HIV testing practices among Black cisgender and transgender women.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"149-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930511/pdf/jhsh-11-149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Communication, HIV/AIDS, and Black Women.","authors":"Gwendolyn West","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communications is a vital component of everyday life. Without it, many people may find it hard to survive in today's society. There is a multiplicity of ways to communicate, be it verbal or non-verbal. However, if the constructs of communication are misconstrued, it is worthless. Especially, when there is an urgency to save lives using communications. Health communications is one aspect that is critical for population health. If used properly, it can reduce the risk of epidemics and pandemics. Globally, HIV/AIDS became a pandemic in the early 1980s. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported by 2020, there were more than 55.9 million confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS and 36.3 million died from the dread disease worldwide. Out of these grave statistics, Black women are affected more than any other group by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This article aims to shed light on this growing issue and set in motion an understanding how adequate health communications can eradicate Black women from the growing demise of HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930509/pdf/jhsh-11-251.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Increased Risk for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Substance-Using and Depressed Women in the Legal System.","authors":"Karen Johnson, Angela Pretz, Winne Chu, Catherine Isabel West, Mingway P Chang, Akansha Anand, Benjamin P Chapman, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Timothy Hunt, Elwin Wu, Louisa Gilbert, Nabila El-Bassel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted in Alabama's Black Belt Counties to examine the association between household food insecurity and self-reported health status. Data were collected from 400 households to measure household food insecurity and self-reported general health status using the U.S. Food Security Module. In bivariate analyses, household food insecurity was Policy changes to increase economic resources and access to federal food programs are needed to reduce household food insecurity in this region. Gendered experiences in the context of consequences of poverty should not be ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"225-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930520/pdf/jhsh-11-225.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the Editor.","authors":"Rueben C Warren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"7-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930503/pdf/jhsh-11-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10471871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African American Women's Current Knowledge, Perceptions, and Willingness of PrEP Use for HIV Prevention in the South.","authors":"Jamie Troutman,&nbsp;Lucy Annang Ingram,&nbsp;Bambi Gaddist,&nbsp;Alyssa Robillard,&nbsp;Shan Qiao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African American women accounted for approximately 60% of new HIV diagnoses among women in the United States, with the greatest burden occurring in the South. Past efforts to prevent HIV focused on behavioral interventions aimed at reducing sexual risk behavior. More recent HIV prevention methods have included oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs. Although PrEP has been designated as an effective HIV prevention method since 2012, awareness and uptake of PrEP remains low among African American women. Our study explored African American women's knowledge, perceptions, and willingness of PrEP use. Four focus groups were held in April 2019, consisting of 27 women, who identified as African American and resided in South Carolina. Focus group topics focused on participants' awareness, perceptions, and potential use of PrEP. The majority of women had heard of PrEP; however, over half of the participants were in the HIV or health field. Overall, participants believed that the \"lay woman\" would be unaware of PrEP. Participants' perceptions of PrEP included stigma of PrEP use, benefits to non-monogamous couples, and experiences with PrEP clients. The majority of women were willing to use PrEP, but major concerns around short and long-term side effects were expressed. Participants provided recommendations to improve PrEP uptake among African American women that included targeted campaigns and spokespersons. African American women are interested and supportive of PrEP use for HIV prevention in the South, where HIV rates remain highest. Past PrEP implementation efforts have not been relatable to African American women; therefore, awareness and uptake rates remain low. Future efforts to increase PrEP awareness and uptake among African American women should be relevant, and should provide comprehensive information on potential side effects, purpose of use, and eligibility criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"51-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930508/pdf/jhsh-11-51.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}