Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities最新文献

{"title":"Carceral Bioethics of Place: Environmental Punishment and Justice in the U.S. South.","authors":"Shuntavia N James","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This conceptual paper advances a carceral bioethics of place to examine how environmental exposure operates as punishment in the U.S. South. While bioethics has traditionally focused on medical decision-making, southern carceral landscapes-such as Alabama's Elmore County mega-prison, Louisiana's Angola facility, and Mississippi's Parchman Farm-reveal how the locations and conditions of incarceration embody ethical violations. Built on contaminated or flood-prone land and housing largely occupied by Black and low-income men, these institutions reproduce a legacy of racialized environmental and penal inequality. Using the four principles of bioethics-autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice-and firmly situated in the discipline of critical criminology, this paper interprets both prison siting and neglect as constituent elements of structural and environmental violence. These harms are put into a historical context of slavery, convict leasing, and mass incarceration; environmental neglect is interpreted as a state-sanctioned violation of moral obligation. The essay concludes with A Southern Bioethics of Justice-an integrative framework linking environmental health, carceral policy, and ethical accountability-to guide future research and reform. By extending bioethics beyond the clinic to the built environments of punishment, this paper reframes incarceration as an ethical frontier of public health and human rights in the contemporary South. Methodologically, this conceptual analysis draws on critical criminology, bioethics, and environmental justice, illustrated through southern case vignettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Environmental Pollution and the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer in Alabama's Black Belt Counties.","authors":"Samina Akhter, Anwar Ahmed, Lloyd Webb, Ehsan Abdalla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study objective is to determine whether certain known single and/or combinations of carcinogenic environmental toxicants released in the Black Belt Counties (BBCs) of Alabama are correlated to greater racial disparity in incidence and mortality of breast cancer between Blacks and Whites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2018 EPA TRI Explore data, based on carcinogenic rating and breast cancer-causing potential, nine chemicals, and eight metals were selected in BBCs 2011-2015. Breast cancer incidence data was extracted from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) and calculated using SEER*Stat and joint point regression for two groups, Age-Adjusted Whites and Blacks, from 12 BBCs, 2011 - 2015. Linear Regression Model using SAS 9.4 to analyze the relationship between race, selected chemicals, and Metals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>34 % [(Coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.34)] of Blacks in BBCs were mostly affected by selected toxicants released, with 66% of variance remaining unexplained. 74% (R2 = 0.74) of Whites were most likely affected by the same toxicants, with 26% variance unexplained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of data from (Bullock, Macon, and Perry Counties) made it difficult to correctly establish a relationship between toxicants and the risk of development of breast cancer among Blacks in BBCs. The lack of data highlights the need for advocacy for better monitoring and assessment systems providing evidence-based research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"146-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Court-Compensation Inequality: A Critical Look at NIL for International Student-Athletes.","authors":"Aleandra Rakeem Pinder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper critically examines the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) policy and its inequitable impact on international student-athletes. The NCAA's NIL policy allows student-athletes to earn compensation from endorsements, marketing, and other activities, opening new opportunities for many athletes. However, international student-athletes face significant barriers to accessing these benefits due to immigration laws and institutional practices. Despite performing the same duties as their U.S. counterparts, international students are often prohibited from receiving direct compensation, which impedes their career development and financial stability. The paper explores the complexities of cross-cultural adjustment, career preparation challenges, and the limited support available to international student-athletes. It also addresses how the varying state-by-state interpretations of NIL policies further exacerbate these inequalities. While domestic student-athletes benefit from NIL deals, international athletes are left navigating a landscape filled with legal uncertainties, risking violating their visa statuses if they pursue compensation. Higher education institutions are recommended to create equitable practices that support international student-athletes. These include revising institutional policies to align with immigration laws, offering clear pathways for compensation through practical training programs, and increasing awareness of passive income opportunities. The need for consistent support from institutions and the NCAA is emphasized to ensure that international student-athletes are included in this new era of collegiate athletics. Ultimately, this paper calls for systemic changes that would allow international student-athletes to fully participate in NIL opportunities without fear of jeopardizing their immigration status, ensuring equity in compensation and career development for all athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"172-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federalmandering: A Conceptual Analysis of the Conservative Diagnosis of Critical Race Theory in Project 2025.","authors":"Brandon R Isome","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper undertakes a thorough examination of the conceptual distortions and rhetorical manipulations inherent in MAGA Republicans' denouncement of critical race theory, particularly highlighting its connections to the conservative agenda encapsulated in Project 2025. By closely analyzing specific language from the chapter dedicated to the Department of Education, which advocates for a reduction in federal oversight through a series of strategic repeals, comprehensive reforms, and stringent restrictions, I illuminate the pervasive misrepresentation of critical race theory and its rhetorical association with the broader concept of wokeism. The divergent and often contradictory perspectives on the federal government's involvement in education reveal a manufactured complexity that I term \"federalmandering,\" a concept that underscores the intricate interplay between policy rhetoric and ideological positioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of Susceptibility and Constitutional Violations: The Proliferation of HIV/AIDS in Black America.","authors":"Charlene Bryant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the constitutional violations related to the treatment of Black Americans infected with HIV/AIDS in U.S. correctional facilities, with a focus on the Eighth and Thirteenth Amendments. The study highlights inadequate healthcare, policy negligence, and punitive legislation that exacerbates mass incarceration and, consequently, the spread of HIV/AIDS. It also delves into the implications of poorly trained correctional staff and the lack of educational initiatives regarding transmission prevention. Recommendations include policy reforms, training programs, and community support initiatives to mitigate these challenges and uphold prisoners' constitutional rights.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The (intractable) medical ethics of Dr. J. Marion Sims: The historical record set against his ethics.","authors":"David Augustin Hodge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr. J. Marion Sims' experimental surgeries on enslaved women in the 1840s-celebrated in medical memory as foundational to modern gynecology-remain a focal point of moral protest because the \"progress\" attributed to him was secured through racialized coercion and profound asymmetries of power. This essay argues that many defenses of Sims invoke ethics without sustaining ethical analysis and shows that the dominant nineteenth-century frameworks most often appealed to in these debates-utilitarianism, deontology, and, to a lesser extent, virtue ethics-do not vindicate his practices when applied with conceptual discipline. It then introduces three constraints that should govern responsible judgment: the limits of speaking for the enslaved subjects whose voices are largely absent from the archive, the role of epistemic trust in moral evaluation, and the ambivalence of care in relationships structured by domination. Moving beyond theory that struggles to render systemic violence fully visible, the essay pursues normative objectivity through Black bioethics and care ethics, centering lived experience, historical exploitation, relational obligation, and empathic responsiveness. On this account, the core wrong is not merely questionable intent or contested benefit, but the denial of personhood and the transformation of coerced suffering into sanctioned scientific achievement.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Public Health Ethics in Disease Prevention Among Marginalized Communities and The One Health Framework.","authors":"Asmaa Elrefaey, Osagie Idehen, Kinuthia Kabugi, Dorcas Oyueley Kodie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public health ethics provides a framework for ensuring disease prevention efforts are equitable and just. The One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health, has gained importance in managing emerging diseases. However, its ethical application in marginalized communities remains underexplored. Many of these communities-such as low-income groups, Indigenous populations, and racial minorities-face historical injustices, structural barriers, and inadequate access to preventive healthcare. Additionally, mistrust in public health institutions due to past ethical violations continues to hinder participation in disease prevention efforts. This literature review synthesizes key ethical concerns surrounding One Health in marginalized communities, categorizing them into five themes: (1) the ethical justifications for One Health, (2) barriers to access and policy gaps, (3) mistrust in public health, (4) inequities in preventive measures, and (5) ethical considerations for animal welfare. The discussion highlights policy failures, ethical gaps, and necessary reforms to ensure that One Health strategies are inclusive, transparent, and community-driven. The study concludes that achieving ethical One Health implementation requires policy changes, improved community engagement, and greater equity in resource distribution to prevent health disparities in marginalized communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy in Action: Black Bioethics and the Role of Care Ethics in HPV Prevention and Education in Underserved Communities.","authors":"David Augustin Hodge, John Heath, Ehsan A Ehsan Abdalla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This white paper explores the integration of Black bioethics and care ethics to address disparities in HPV and cervical cancer prevention among HIV-positive individuals in Alabama's Black Belt Counties. Leveraging a justice-based framework, the paper examines the systemic inequities shaping these disparities and outlines a culturally relevant, community-driven response. The project employs a mixed-methods evaluation strategy, integrating innovative tools such as the \"Protect Me From HPV\" app, alongside robust educational interventions tailored to the socio-cultural realities of underserved populations. Ethical principles-including informed consent, participant autonomy, and community empowerment-serve as the foundation of the initiative. By embedding empathy and care ethics into its design, the project seeks to rebuild trust, dismantle barriers, promote health equity and demonstrate a sincere trustworthiness. This initiative reframes HPV prevention as both a scientific challenge and a moral imperative, providing a scalable model for ethically grounded public health interventions in marginalized communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Cervical Cancer and HPV Educational Awareness Program in Macon County, Alabama from 2018 to 2023.","authors":"Evelyn Noble, Lloyd Webb, Ehsan Abdalla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the cervical cancer incidence rate in Alabama (9.2/100,000) was significantly higher than that in the US (7.4/100,000). African American Alabamians had high cervical cancer screening rates showing a substantially higher incidence rate (9.8/100,000) than Caucasian (9.1/100,000). In the state, the mortality rate for African Americans (4.8/100,000) exceeded that for Caucasians (2.9/100,000). Our objective was to evaluate if the 2019 cervical cancer and HPV awareness programs had impacted selected communities by 2023. Follow-up surveys were utilized to collect data on the impact of the primary educational interventions in Macon County. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed using SAS software. Results: The short-term pre- and post-educational intervention in 2019 showed increased participants' knowledge of who knew what cervical cancer was; ever heard of HPV; and ever had an HPV test by margins of 9%, 23% and 4% respectively. In 2023, participants' knowledge of what cervical cancer was; ever heard of HPV; and ever had an HPV test increased by additional margins of 3.9%, 2.6% and 0.7% respectively. Participants in the 2019 study continued to share knowledge with other community members. In the 2019 study, significant differences were found only among participants who had ever heard of the Pap test before and after the educational intervention with p = 0.004 and 0.03 respectively, compared to participants who knew what cervical cancer was and who had ever heard of the HPV test. In the 2023 study, the results of heard of Pap test smear, a Pap test, and an HPV vaccine were significantly different with age (p = 0.02, 0.0001, and 0.02) respectively. Heard of HPV and heard of HPV vaccine were significantly different with income (p = 0.003 and 0.01) respectively., and heard of HPV, heard of HPV vaccine and had a Pap test were significantly different with education (p = 0.0008, 0.01 and 0.03) respectively. Our findings showed that the 2018 to 2019 study had stimulated participants to encourage others (neighbors, peers, etc.) and to participate in the 2022 to 2023 study and other related cervical cancer and HPV vaccination programs to increase their knowledge and awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"120-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor's Desk Spring 2025 Issue.","authors":"David Augustin Hodge","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"15 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13101416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}