Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities最新文献

{"title":"We the People: A Black Strategy to End the HIV Epidemic in the United States of America.","authors":"Tenesha J Lewis,&nbsp;Maximillian Boykin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two previous United States presidential administrations implemented efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, recently leading to a plan to end this epidemic by 2030. Although the plan outlines a biomedical framework of key areas to address, it does not prioritize the core systemic and social issues that have caused the disease to devastate Black communities. The Black AIDS Institute (BAI) responded directly to this gap with \"We the People: A Black Strategy to End HIV.\" BAI connected with Black community members across the country and conducted key informant interviews, held town hall meetings, and hosted a community forum in the U.S. Conference on AIDS. Based on this extensive community-level input, BAI, along with a diverse group of social justice partners, finalized the plan's strategic direction and recommendations. The efforts culminated in the \"We the People\" framework's four key pillars directly informing all of BAI's policy work, to include radically reimagining housing, health care, and criminalization systems that perpetuate the HIV/AIDS crisis among Black Americans. \"We the People\" outlines a clear path to engage policymakers and ensure all communities can effectively access and utilize the treatment and prevention advances that have the potential to soon end this epidemic..</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"173-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930506/pdf/jhsh-11-173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Policy and Electronic Health Record (EHR) System Modifications to Implement and Sustain Routine Opt-Out HIV Screening and Linkage to Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Alexis K Fields,&nbsp;Pamela Kirlew,&nbsp;Haroon Zafar,&nbsp;Zoraima Douglas,&nbsp;Tenisha Gillett-Smith,&nbsp;Jessica E Yager","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The burden of HIV infection disproportionately impacts Black people across the United States. New York City (NYC) has taken substantial steps to End the HIV Epidemic, boasting reductions in new HIV infections by 40% since 2015; however, racial inequities persist. In 2019, Black people living in NYC accounted for 24% of the population, yet represented 46.1% of new HIV diagnoses and 48.7% of HIV deaths. To address the high incidence of HIV in a predominately Black community in Central Brooklyn, Brookdale Hospital Medical Center (BHMC) developed a multi-faceted approach to increase routine opt-out HIV screening and linkage. In order to integrate HIV testing into routine clinical care, BHMC leadership updated screening policies; developed an Electronic Health Record (EHR) algorithm to trigger HIV screening in five BHMC ambulatory clinics; and modified the EHR to transmit positive HIV screening results to patient navigators dedicated to linking patients to HIV care. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, between March and April 2020, HIV screening across all five ambulatory sites decreased by 87.3%. After activation of the EHR algorithm in three ambulatory sites in June 2020, HIV screening increased 216.3% from the prior month. By the time the final EHR algorithm launched in August 2020, HIV testing had fully rebounded to pre-pandemic levels. Policies supporting routine opt-out HIV screening coupled with EHR-prompted screening can improve and sustain HIV testing in a Black community with a high incidence and prevalence of HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"84-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930505/pdf/jhsh-11-84.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conspiracy Beliefs about HIV/AIDS among HIV-Positive African American Men and Women in Alabama's Black Belt: A Mixed-Method Analysis.","authors":"Andrew A Zekeri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite prior studies showing that a significant proportion of the general African-American population hold conspiracy beliefs about HIV/AIDS, limited research has investigated conspiracy beliefs among African Americans that are HIV-positive and the subgroups most likely to endorse such beliefs. I examined endorsement of HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs and their relationship to sociodemographic variables among 256 African Americans with HIV infection. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study at an AIDS Outreach Organization clinic in Alabama that provides medical and social support services to HIV-positive persons. Patients reported agreement with statements capturing beliefs in HIV/AIDS conspiracies. Results indicated that about one-third subscribed to the notion that \"AIDS is a form of genocide against Blacks\" (29.7%) and some 27.7% of the respondents said that \"AIDS was created by the government to control the black population.\" Regarding treatment-related conspiracy beliefs, over one-third (35.6%) somewhat or strongly agreed that \"people who take the new medicines for HIV/AIDS are human guinea pigs for the government,\" while 29.9% somewhat or strongly endorsed the statement that \"the medicine that doctors prescribe to treat HIV is poison.\" Results of multivariate analyses indicated that stronger HIV/AIDS conspiracy beliefs were significantly associated with educational attainment and age. A set of sociodemographic variables explained a small amount of the variance in conspiracy beliefs about HIV/AIDS (R² range=0.13-0.14). Qualitative results indicated that conspiracy beliefs are barrier to medication adherence among these patients living with HIV/AIDS. Focus group discussions suggested that conspiracy beliefs can be important barriers to quality of life and infection control among HIV-positive individuals. These findings suggested that addressing conspiracy beliefs should be a significant issue in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs in the 21st Century.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930516/pdf/jhsh-11-73.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Spirituality, HIV Stigma and Education on HIV Knowledge in Rural African American Congregants in the Deep South: Additional Findings from Project FAITHH.","authors":"Shameka L Cody,&nbsp;Raheem J Paxton,&nbsp;Hannah Woodard,&nbsp;Pamela Payne-Foster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV incidence has shifted racially and geographically in the United States and now represents higher proportions of African Americans living in the Rural South. Lower levels of HIV knowledge may be the culprit behind the increasing HIV rates observed in the Rural South. The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and joint correlates of HIV knowledge in a sample of rural African Americans. Baseline data from a faith-based anti-stigma intervention (Project FAITHH, N= 210) was used to assess associations between sociodemographic characteristics, spirituality, stigma, and HIV knowledge scores. Associations were examined with recursive partitioning. Statistical significance was determined at P< 0.05 with a two-sided test. Recursive partitioning revealed five distinct groups based on the data. HIV knowledge scores were highest among participants who attended some college (P < 0.001) with lower levels of individual stigma (P < 0.001). HIV knowledge scores were lowest among less educated individuals (P < 0.001) who had lower levels of perceived community stigma (P = 0.002). Future interventions designed to improve HIV knowledge in rural African Americans should consider tailoring content to those who have the greatest deficits in HIV knowledge, which may be based on perceived community stigma and education levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"259-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930515/pdf/jhsh-11-259.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV, Stigma and Me: One Woman's Story.","authors":"Lynn Jones Benson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the body's immune system by destroying cells which fight disease and infection. If left untreated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) (1). African American women represent 13% of the total female population in the United States and account for 61% of new HIV diagnoses (2). There are various types of stigma associated with HIV (3). Enacted stigma refers to an individual's experiences of prejudice and discrimination because of their HIV status, whereas, internalized stigma refers to an individual's acceptance of negative attitudes of beliefs related to their HIV status (4 ). A positive status, can affect individuals on a daily basis as it relates to stigma. For example, guilt, shame, isolation, or perhaps low self-esteem. HIV does not discriminate. Individuals across all races, ethnicities, and socio-economic status have been diagnosed as HIV positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"287-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930517/pdf/jhsh-11-287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People, Pulpits and Non-Profits: Outlining A Model for Collaboration Near the Origins of the HIV Epidemic.","authors":"Victoria Revelle, Ruth Gilliam Phillips","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A collaborative HIV health promotion program was implemented in Durham, North Carolina to aid in mitigating the deleterious impact of HIV in the African American community. This equity-centered program produced engagement and action at the community, organizational and individual socio-ecological levels. A variety of organizations successfully collaborated in this effort. This cooperative act details the collective power of community members, Black faith-based organizations, a local health department and two community-based non-profit organizations to actualize solutions regarding the HIV epidemic. Health equity and social justice were promoted as a result of this successful initiative.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"275-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930513/pdf/jhsh-11-275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Policy to Funding: A Case Study of Inequitable Funding Allotments Towards Chicago Illinois' Black-Led HIV/AIDS Service Providers.","authors":"Sista Yaa Simpson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to census and surveillance reports (2018), Black people in Illinois make up 15% of the state population (12,587,530) but comprise more than 46% of people living with HIV infections (35,841) and 51% of people newly diagnosed infections (1,361). Comparably, Blacks in Chicago make up 30% of the population (2,693,976) but comprise more than 51% of people living with HIV infection (18,719), as well as 54% newly diagnosed infections (724). (Dawson, Kates, 2021) (AIDSVU, 2020) This trend has been consistent for the past 15 years, whereas Blacks accounted for the highest proportion of people living with and newly diagnosed HIV infections. However, HIV funding to Black-Led HIV/AIDS Service Providers was not equitably distributed as compared to White-Led Service Providers. As there was no justification or accountability for these grossly inequitable funding allotments, Black-Led HIV/AIDS Service Providers unified to form the BLACK LEADERSHIP ADVOCACY COALITION FOR HEALTH EQUITY (BLACHE). This case study will relay how BLACHE brought awareness to the public, legislators, and others. Moreover, how this organization moved the needle for funding by increasing the allotment from zero dollars ($0) in 2019 to $15M in the 2021 Illinois State budget through the African American HIV/AIDS Response Act (AAHARA).</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930521/pdf/jhsh-11-122.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Commentary: The White House: Forty Years of Questions and Answers: What Will It Take to End the HIV Epidemic.","authors":"Harold J Phillips","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930522/pdf/jhsh-11-13.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10768295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Care Reform: Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients in Baltimore Post Implementation of the Affordable Care Act.","authors":"Francesca Weaks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930514/pdf/jhsh-11-193.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine Opt-Out Screening is Key to Understanding and Identifying HIV/HCV Incidence.","authors":"Cordella Lyon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommended routine HIV screening for all patients aged 13-64 years old who access healthcare for services. To date, 40% of people in the United States have never had an HIV test, and less than 30 % of people in the United States most at risk for acquiring HIV were tested in the past year. Description of Services: Baptist Hospital of Southeast Texas (BHSET) through support from Texas Department of State Health Services (TXDSHS) implemented Routine HIV screening in their ED in October 2011, and with additional support from Gilead Sciences, Inc. FOCUS program in 2016. Patients18 and older, are tested for HIV/HCV and linked to medical care within BHSET, and external community partners. Opt-out routine screening tests those who may not perceive themselves to be at risk and identifies those previously diagnosed for re-engagement in care. CDC reported 15% of those who do not know their status account for 38% of new transmissions, and 23% of those who knew their status, but were not engaged in care accounted for 43% of new transmissions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BHSET performed 160,000 tests, identified (0.3 % seropositivity) (0.1%) of new diagnosis (.05%) of acute cases, and (95%) linked to care. October 2016 HCV testing has performed 52% testing on patients outside the birth cohort, with a positivity rate of tested 43%.During COVID-19, HIV tests numbered 11,960 (0.1% seropositivity) with (.02%) new diagnosis, (98%) linked to care. HCV tests 9, 487, identified (6% HCV Ab seropositivity), (38% RNA positivity) linked (40%) to care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BHSET has utilized its policy-driven opt-out HIV routine screening practices, protocols, and processes to improve Jefferson County's HIV prevalence from being ranked 4th in the state with cases of people who are living in 2010 to 14th in 2018.</p>","PeriodicalId":73773,"journal":{"name":"Journal of healthcare, science and the humanities","volume":"11 1","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9930502/pdf/jhsh-11-101.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}