Journal of cellular immunology最新文献

{"title":"Non-reducing End of Heparin Tri-saccharide is a Scavenger Tool to Detoxify the Glucose Toxicity in Diabetes.","authors":"Andrew Jun Wang,&nbsp;Aimin Wang,&nbsp;Vincent Charles Hascall","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.171","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.5.171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout. However, the structural determinant that mediates this activity is not clear. This paper describes our finding that the responses of hyperglycemic dividing mesangial cells to heparin are mediated by its non-reducing terminal trisaccharide and proposes that the non-reducing end tri-saccharide of heparin acts as a scavenger tool to detoxify the glucose toxicity in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"5 3","pages":"82-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Anti-Viral Vaccines that Harness Intrastructural Help from Prior BCG Vaccination.","authors":"Tony W Ng, Steven A Porcelli","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.174","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.5.174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are among the most effective tools for combatting the impact and spread of infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of a vaccine can be diminished by vaccine inequality, particularly during severe outbreaks of infectious diseases in resource-poor areas. As seen in many developing countries that lack adequate healthcare infrastructure and economic resources, the acquisition and distribution of potentially life-saving vaccines may be limited, leading to prolonged suffering and increased deaths. To improve vaccine equity, vaccine design must take into consideration the logistics needed to implement a successful vaccination drive, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. In the manuscript titled \"Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4⁺ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses\" published in the Journal of Immunology, the authors designed a recombinant subunit vaccine against the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein that can harness the pre-existing T helper cells from prior BCG vaccination. As a recombinant subunit vaccine adjuvanted with alum, this approach has many features that make it well suited for the design of vaccines for developing nations, such as relative ease of production, scalability, and distribution. In addition, the high prevalence of BCG immunization and natural immunity to mycobacteria in many regions of the world endow such vaccines with features that should increase potency and efficacy among populations residing in such regions. As a result of using the helper activity of pre-existing BCG-specific Th cells to drive antibody responses, a lower vaccine dose is needed, which is a major advantage for vaccine manufacture. Furthermore, the BCG-specific Th cells also stimulate immunoglobulin class switching to IgG isotypes that have strong affinities for activating Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Taken together, we propose that the design of subunit vaccines with intrastructural help from BCG-specific Th cells can improve protection against viral infection and represents a vaccine design that can be generally adapted to other emerging viral pathogens for the control and prevention of infection in many developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"5 4","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10635577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-1 in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.","authors":"Jessica Millar, Elias Nasser, Gorav Ailawadi, Morgan Salmon","doi":"10.33696/immunology.5.163","DOIUrl":"10.33696/immunology.5.163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) remain a clinically devastating disease with no effective medical treatment therapy. AAAs are characterized by immune cell infiltration, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to play role in AAA associated inflammation through immune cell recruitment and activation, endothelial dysfunction, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and regulation of transcription factors of additional inflammatory mediators. In this review, we will discuss the principles of IL-1 signaling, its role in AAA specific inflammation, and regulators of IL-1 signaling. Additionally, we will discuss the influence of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of IL-1 on experimental AAAs. Evidence suggests that IL-1 may prove to be a potential therapeutic target in the management of AAA disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"5 2","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10357974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9911618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of C5aR2 in Neutrophil Function and Its Impact on Neutrophil-mediated Diseases","authors":"Daniel Leonard Seiler, Marie Kleingarn, Syeda Zoela Gilani, Paula Emily Reichel, Jörg Köhl, C. Karsten","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.150","url":null,"abstract":"The two receptors for the anaphylatoxin C5a are critically involved in the recruitment of immune cells and activate these cells at sites of inflammation. The pro-inflammatory function of C5aR1 in these processes is well established, whereas the functional properties of the second C5a receptor, C5aR2, in inflammation remain enigmatic. We recently reported a pro-inflammatory contribution of C5aR2 to the pathogenesis of the prototypical autoimmune skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Deficiency of C5aR2 ameliorated the disease phenotype in an antibody transfer model of EBA and reduced neutrophil migration and activation in vitro . Here, we discuss not only these data, but the crosstalk of C5aR2 with Fcγ receptors, and the effect of C5a desArg stimulation on neutrophils. In addition, we highlight the cellular location of C5aR2, its functional dependence on concomitant C5aR1 expression, and its importance for therapeutic strategies targeting the C5a receptor pathways in neutrophil-mediated diseases.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Threatening Health Like Other Variants?","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vγ2+ γδ T Cells and Their Regulatory Potential in Skin Allograft Survival","authors":"","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Going above and Beyond: Using an Attenuated Herpes Viral Vaccine Vector to Elicit Protective Immune Responses Through Neutralizing and Non-neutralizing Functions of Antibodies","authors":"Katherine E. Kaugars, Angelo R. Retamal-Diaz, Anna Paula de Oliveira, P. González, W. Jacobs","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"Protective","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41400616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling Proteasome Activities in Peripheral Blood – A Novel Biomarker Approach","authors":"L. Bramasole, S. Meiners","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.147","url":null,"abstract":"A","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sialyllactose Prevents Cartilage Damages via M0 Macrophage Maintenance in Yucatan Mini-Pig Osteoarthritis Model","authors":"Kyung-Tai Kim, Young-Kyu Kim, Mi-Jin Yang, Min-young Kim, Lila Kim, J. Hwang","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.145","url":null,"abstract":". Sialyllactose Prevents Cartilage Damages via M0 Macrophage Maintenance in Yucatan Mini-Pig Osteoarthritis Model. J Cell Immunol. 2022;4(5):158-166.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45669971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR Therapy for T-cell Malignancies","authors":"Andrew Cinquina, Jia Feng, Hongyu Zhang, Yupo Ma","doi":"10.33696/immunology.4.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/immunology.4.141","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has been revolutionary in the treatment of hematological malignancies [1]. Remarkable success has been achieved in the clinical treatment of B-cell malignancies through the use of CD19 CARs [2-7]. However, translation of CAR therapy for T-cell malignancies has been more difficult for several reasons. As the CAR cells predominantly used are T cells, a CAR T cell manufactured to target malignant T cells using T-cell markers is at risk for fratricide. This would prevent the expansion of the CAR T cell population necessary for proper tumor eradication. Additionally, as both malignant and non-malignant express these T-cell markers, there is concern that a T-cell-directed CAR cell would lead to T-cell deficiency and subsequent opportunistic infections.","PeriodicalId":73644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cellular immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}