Advances in neurobiology最新文献_第8页

Fractal Electronics for Stimulating and Sensing Neural Networks: Enhanced Electrical, Optical, and Cell Interaction Properties. 用于刺激和传感神经网络的分形电子学：增强电气、光学和细胞交互特性。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_43

S Moslehi, C Rowland, J H Smith, W J Watterson, W Griffiths, R D Montgomery, S Philliber, C A Marlow, M-T Perez, R P Taylor

{"title":"Fractal Electronics for Stimulating and Sensing Neural Networks: Enhanced Electrical, Optical, and Cell Interaction Properties.","authors":"S Moslehi, C Rowland, J H Smith, W J Watterson, W Griffiths, R D Montgomery, S Philliber, C A Marlow, M-T Perez, R P Taylor","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_43","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_43","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine a world in which damaged parts of the body - an arm, an eye, and ultimately a region of the brain - can be replaced by artificial implants capable of restoring or even enhancing human performance. The associated improvements in the quality of human life would revolutionize the medical world and produce sweeping changes across society. In this chapter, we discuss several approaches to the fabrication of fractal electronics designed to interface with neural networks. We consider two fundamental functions - stimulating electrical signals in the neural networks and sensing the location of the signals as they pass through the network. Using experiments and simulations, we discuss the favorable electrical performances that arise from adopting fractal rather than traditional Euclidean architectures. We also demonstrate how the fractal architecture induces favorable physical interactions with the cells they interact with, including the ability to direct the growth of neurons and glia to specific regions of the neural-electronic interface.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"36 ","pages":"849-875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engrams of Fear Memory Attenuation. 恐惧记忆衰减的刻痕

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_9

Johannes Gräff

{"title":"Engrams of Fear Memory Attenuation.","authors":"Johannes Gräff","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_9","url":null,"abstract":"Fear attenuation is an etiologically relevant process for animal survival, since once acquired information needs to be continuously updated in the face of changing environmental contingencies. Thus, when situations are encountered that were originally perceived as fearful but are no longer so, fear must be attenuated, otherwise, it risks becoming maladaptive. But what happens to the original memory trace of fear during fear attenuation? In this chapter, we review the studies that have started to approach this question from an engram perspective. We find evidence pointing to both the original memory trace of fear being suppressed, as well as it being updated towards safety. These seemingly conflicting results reflect a well-established dichotomy in the field of fear memory attenuation, namely whether fear attenuation is mediated by an inhibitory mechanism that suppresses fear expression, called extinction, or by an updating mechanism that allows the fear memory to reconsolidate in a different form, called reconsolidation-updating. Which of these scenarios takes the upper hand is ultimately influenced by the behavioral paradigms used to induce fear attenuation, but is an important area for further study as the precise cell populations underlying fear attenuation and the molecular mechanisms therein can now be understood at unprecedented resolution.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"38 ","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult Neurogenesis, Context Encoding, and Pattern Separation: A Pathway for Treating Overgeneralization. 成人神经发生、情境编码和模式分离：治疗过度概括的途径

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10

Wei-Li Chang, Rene Hen

{"title":"Adult Neurogenesis, Context Encoding, and Pattern Separation: A Pathway for Treating Overgeneralization.","authors":"Wei-Li Chang, Rene Hen","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of two brain regions (with the subventricular zone of the olfactory bulb) that continues to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, a phenomenon known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) (Eriksson et al., Nat Med 4:1313-1317, 1998; García-Verdugo et al., J Neurobiol 36:234-248, 1998). The integration of these new neurons into the dentate gyrus (DG) has implications for memory encoding, with unique firing and wiring properties of immature neurons that affect how the hippocampal network encodes and stores attributes of memory. In this chapter, we will describe the process of AHN and properties of adult-born cells as they integrate into the hippocampal circuit and mature. Then, we will discuss some methodological considerations before we review evidence for the role of AHN in two major processes supporting memory that are performed by the DG. First, we will discuss encoding of contextual information for episodic memories and how this is facilitated by AHN. Second, will discuss pattern separation, a major role of the DG that reduces interference for the formation of new memories. Finally, we will review clinical and translational considerations, suggesting that stimulation of AHN may help decrease overgeneralization-a common endophenotype of mood, anxiety, trauma-related, and age-related disorders.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"38 ","pages":"163-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Eating Disorders. 内源性阿片类药物在肥胖症和饮食失调病理生理学中的作用。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_17

Sylvana Stephano Zuniga, Marcela Rodriguez Flores, Adriana Albu

引用次数: 0

Pain, Fear, Anxiety, and Stress: Relations to the Endogenous Opioid System. 疼痛、恐惧、焦虑和压力：与内源性阿片系统的关系。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_9

Nicholas J Felicione, Melissa D Blank, Casey D Wright, Daniel W McNeil

引用次数: 0

Multilayer Analysis of RNA Sequencing Data in Alzheimer's Disease to Unravel Molecular Mysteries. 多层分析阿尔茨海默病的 RNA 测序数据，揭开分子奥秘。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69188-1_9

Dilara Uzuner, Atılay İlgün, Elif Düz, Fatma Betül Bozkurt, Tunahan Çakır

引用次数: 0

Alzheimer's Disease from Modeling to Mechanism Research. 阿尔茨海默病从模型到机制研究。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69188-1_7

Xiaoyan Sun, Weiqi Zhang

引用次数: 0

Delineating a Pathway for the Discovery of Functional Connectome Biomarkers of Autism. 为发现自闭症的功能连接组生物标志物划定途径。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_18

Shinwon Park, Phoebe Thomson, Gregory Kiar, F Xavier Castellanos, Michael P Milham, Boris Bernhardt, Adriana Di Martino

{"title":"Delineating a Pathway for the Discovery of Functional Connectome Biomarkers of Autism.","authors":"Shinwon Park, Phoebe Thomson, Gregory Kiar, F Xavier Castellanos, Michael P Milham, Boris Bernhardt, Adriana Di Martino","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_18","url":null,"abstract":"The promise of individually tailored care for autism has driven efforts to establish biomarkers. This chapter appraises the state of precision-medicine research focused on biomarkers based on the functional brain connectome. This work is grounded on abundant evidence supporting the brain dysconnection model of autism and the advantages of resting-state functional MRI (R-fMRI) for studying the brain in vivo. After considering biomarker requirements of consistency and clinical relevance, we provide a scoping review of R-fMRI studies of individual prediction in autism. In the past 10 years, responding to the availability of open data through the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, machine learning studies have surged. Nearly all have focused on diagnostic label classification. These efforts have shown that autism prediction is feasible using functional connectome markers, with accuracy reported well above chance. In parallel, emerging approaches more directly addressing autism heterogeneity are paving the way for much-needed biomarkers of longitudinal outcome and treatment response. We conclude with key challenges to be addressed by the next generation of studies.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"511-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as a Pharmacodynamic/Response Biomarker for NMDA Receptor and Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance-Targeted Treatments in Schizophrenia. 错配负性（MMN）作为精神分裂症 NMDA 受体和兴奋/抑制失衡靶向治疗的药效学/反应生物标记物。

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_15

Daniel C Javitt

{"title":"Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as a Pharmacodynamic/Response Biomarker for NMDA Receptor and Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance-Targeted Treatments in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Daniel C Javitt","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_15","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder that affects approximately 0.5% of the population worldwide. Persistent negative symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) are key features of the disorder and primary predictors of long-term disability. At the neurochemical level, both CIAS and negative symptoms are potentially attributable to dysfunction or dysregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmission within cortical and subcortical brain regions. At present, there are no approved treatments for either CIAS or persistent negative symptoms. Development of novel treatments, moreover, is limited by the lack of biomarkers that can be used translationally across preclinical and early-stage clinical investigation. The present chapter describes the use of mismatch negativity (MMN) as a pharmacodynamic/response (PD/R) biomarker for early-stage clinical investigation of NMDAR targeted therapies for schizophrenia. MMN indexes dysfunction of early auditory processing (EAP) in schizophrenia. In humans, deficits in MMN generation contribute hierarchically to impaired cognition and functional outcome. Across humans, rodents, and primates, MMN has been linked to impaired NMDAR function and resultant disturbances in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance involving interactions between glutamatergic (excitatory) pyramidal and GABAeric (inhibitory) local circuit neurons. In early-stage clinical trials, MMN has shown sensitivity to the acute effects of novel pharmacological treatments. These findings support use of MMN as a pharmacodynamic/response biomarker to support preclinical drug discovery and early-stage proof-of-mechanisms studies in schizophrenia and other related neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"411-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Altered Sleep Oscillations as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia. 作为精神分裂症神经生理学生物标志物的睡眠振荡改变

Advances in neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_13

Ahmad Mayeli, Francesco L Donati, Fabio Ferrarelli

{"title":"Altered Sleep Oscillations as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia.","authors":"Ahmad Mayeli, Francesco L Donati, Fabio Ferrarelli","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69491-2_13","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep spindles and slow waves are the two main oscillatory activities occurring during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Here, we will first describe the electrophysiological characteristics of these sleep oscillations along with the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying their generation and synchronization in the healthy brain. We will then review the extant evidence of deficits in sleep spindles and, to a lesser extent, slow waves, including in slow wave-spindle coupling, in patients with Schizophrenia (SCZ) across the course of the disorder, from at-risk to chronic stages. Next, we will discuss how these sleep oscillatory deficits point to defects in neuronal circuits within the thalamocortical network as well as to alterations in molecular neurotransmission implicating the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in SCZ. Finally, after explaining how spindle and slow waves may represent neurophysiological biomarkers with predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic potential, we will present novel pharmacological and neuromodulatory interventions aimed at restoring sleep oscillatory deficits in SCZ, which in turn may serve as target engagement biomarkers to ameliorate the clinical symptoms and the quality of life of individuals affected by this devastating brain disorder.","PeriodicalId":7360,"journal":{"name":"Advances in neurobiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"351-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0