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Why does the Falcon-9 booster make a triple sonic boom during flyback? An initial analysis.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035649
Mark C Anderson, Kent L Gee
{"title":"Why does the Falcon-9 booster make a triple sonic boom during flyback? An initial analysis.","authors":"Mark C Anderson, Kent L Gee","doi":"10.1121/10.0035649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When the SpaceX Falcon-9 rocket booster descends through the atmosphere after a launch, it produces a sonic boom with three shocks in the far field, rather than the usual two-shock N-wave. In this Letter, the additional shock's origin is explained using sonic boom theory, nonlinear propagation modeling, computational fluid dynamics, and photographic evidence. The extra central shock results from a forward-migrating compression wave caused by the grid fins merging with a rearward-migrating rarefaction wave caused by the lower portions of the booster, including the folded landing legs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computational Bayesian inference for active sonar localization under uncertainty in sound speed profile.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035808
Abner C Barros, Paul J Gendron
{"title":"Computational Bayesian inference for active sonar localization under uncertainty in sound speed profile.","authors":"Abner C Barros, Paul J Gendron","doi":"10.1121/10.0035808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A computational Bayesian approach is presented to address active sonar localization under the challenges of small receive aperture, uncertain sound speed profile (SSP), and limited coherence time. The approach draws inference on wavevectors associated with the closely spaced angle/Doppler spread arrivals, characterizing the scattered acoustic field. The wavevector posterior density is mapped to the scattering body's location and speed under an uncertain SSP using eigenray interpolation and marginalization. SSP uncertainty is captured by a multivariate Gaussian and a low-dimensional subspace mode representation. A case study using SSPs from the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates the efficacy of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Starship Super Heavy acoustics: Comparing launch noise from Flights 5 and 6.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035925
Kent L Gee, Noah L Pulsipher, Makayle S Kellison, Grant W Hart, Logan T Mathews, Mark C Anderson
{"title":"Starship Super Heavy acoustics: Comparing launch noise from Flights 5 and 6.","authors":"Kent L Gee, Noah L Pulsipher, Makayle S Kellison, Grant W Hart, Logan T Mathews, Mark C Anderson","doi":"10.1121/10.0035925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Letter analyzes launch noise from Starship Super Heavy's Flights 5 and 6. While Flight-5 data covered 9.7-35.5 km, the stations during Flight 6 spanned 1.0-35.5 km. A comparison of A-weighted and unweighted maximum and exposure levels is made between flights and with an updated environmental assessment (EA). Key findings include: (a) the two flights' noise levels diverge beyond 10 km, (b) EA models overestimate A-weighted metrics, and (c) the acoustic energy from a Starship launch is equivalent to 2.2 Space Launch System launches or ∼11 Falcon 9 launches. These measurements help predict Starship's noise levels around Kennedy Space Center.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional broadband modeling of megameter sound propagation from an underwater explosion.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035935
Ying-Tsong Lin, Tiago C A Oliveira
{"title":"Three-dimensional broadband modeling of megameter sound propagation from an underwater explosion.","authors":"Ying-Tsong Lin, Tiago C A Oliveira","doi":"10.1121/10.0035935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A three-dimensional broadband parabolic equation model is utilized to study the 8000-km-long propagation of an underwater explosion sound from the edge of the New Jersey Shelf to Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean. Both the hydrophone data and the model result show evidence of out-of-plane horizontal reflection and diffraction from a seamount along the propagation path. Two distinct acoustic arrival groups are identified with back-azimuth variations pointing toward the explosion location and the seamount. The three-dimensional sound propagation model reproduces complex signal characteristics observed in the hydrophone data with accurate arrival times and azimuths.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast reverberation-reduction algorithm based on inexact matrix decomposition.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035946
Yunchao Zhu, Rui Duan, Kunde Yang, Qindong Sun
{"title":"Fast reverberation-reduction algorithm based on inexact matrix decomposition.","authors":"Yunchao Zhu, Rui Duan, Kunde Yang, Qindong Sun","doi":"10.1121/10.0035946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, matrix-based methods for reverberation reduction have prioritized a high signal-to-reverberation ratio over low time consumption. This letter describes a fast reverberation-reduction algorithm. The reverberation-reduction problem is formulated as an inexact matrix decomposition. A low-rank matrix is obtained through the reverberation extraction in a low-dimensional matrix, and a two-stage structure optimizes the computation iterative frame. The proposed algorithm's convergence, time consumption, and error are numerically simulated. Field data processing results demonstrate that the algorithm achieves a similar receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as with the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) but reduces the time consumption by 33%.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liquid channel tunable lens for phased-based ultrasonic beamforminga).
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035926
Sina Rostami, Joel Mobley
{"title":"Liquid channel tunable lens for phased-based ultrasonic beamforminga).","authors":"Sina Rostami, Joel Mobley","doi":"10.1121/10.0035926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work reports on the design and characterization of a tunable lens with a planar aperture that employs liquid channels to perform phase-based beamforming. The desired phase patterns are produced using specific speed-of-sound profiles and can be flexibly configured for a range of frequencies and beam types without changes to its shape or structure. Measurements of the fields show that the lens performs comparably to stepped designs, such as the fraxicon, for a range of focal configurations. The planar geometry and reconfigurable phasing provide for a range of possible applications from nearfield trapping to imaging and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validating the Iowa Test of Consonant Perception in a large cohort of cochlear implant users.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0035804
Francis X Smith, Joel I Berger, Phillip E Gander, Adam T Schwalje, Timothy D Griffiths, Bob McMurray, Inyong Choi
{"title":"Validating the Iowa Test of Consonant Perception in a large cohort of cochlear implant users.","authors":"Francis X Smith, Joel I Berger, Phillip E Gander, Adam T Schwalje, Timothy D Griffiths, Bob McMurray, Inyong Choi","doi":"10.1121/10.0035804","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0035804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception (ITCP) was designed to test word-initial phoneme perception by uniformly sampling frequently used phonemes as well as balancing feature overlap of response competitors. However, the task has only been validated in normal hearing listeners. In this study, a large cohort of cochlear implant users completed the ITCP and two commonly used clinical measures of speech recognition [AzBio sentences and consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) words]. At two different signal-to-noise ratios, the ITCP showed strong convergent validity with other speech recognition tasks and good test-retest reliability. The ITCP is a useful tool for both clinicians and experimental researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143384006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A modified adaptive Kalman filter algorithm for the distributed underwater multi-target passive tracking system. 分布式水下多目标无源跟踪系统的改进自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0034764
Xuefei Ma, Jiaxin Ma, Zexu Ma, Rahim Khan, Hengliang Wu, Tingting Wang, Zhongwei Shen
{"title":"A modified adaptive Kalman filter algorithm for the distributed underwater multi-target passive tracking system.","authors":"Xuefei Ma, Jiaxin Ma, Zexu Ma, Rahim Khan, Hengliang Wu, Tingting Wang, Zhongwei Shen","doi":"10.1121/10.0034764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0034764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A modified adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) algorithm is proposed to make underwater multi-target tracking with uncertain measurement noise reliable. By utilizing the proposed AKF algorithm with three core points, including an adaptive fading factor, measurement noise covariance adjustment, and an adaptive weighting factor, the unknown measurement noise and state vector can be estimated with good accuracy and robustness. The practical trial data verify this algorithm, and it has proven superior to all traditional algorithms in this Letter based on the results that it reduces the estimated position RMSEs by at least 10.29% while estimated velocity RMSEs by at least 52.57%.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pitch perception in school-aged children: Pure tones, resolved and unresolved harmonics.
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0034894
Jami Fung, Kelly L Whiteford, Anahita H Mehta, Bonnie K Lau
{"title":"Pitch perception in school-aged children: Pure tones, resolved and unresolved harmonics.","authors":"Jami Fung, Kelly L Whiteford, Anahita H Mehta, Bonnie K Lau","doi":"10.1121/10.0034894","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0034894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pitch perception affects children's ability to perceive speech, appreciate music, and learn in noisy environments, such as their classrooms. Here, we investigated pitch perception for pure tones as well as resolved and unresolved complex tones with a fundamental frequency of 400 Hz in 8- to 11-year-old children and adults. Pitch perception in children was better for resolved relative to unresolved complex tones, consistent with adults. The younger 8- to 9-year-old children had elevated thresholds across all conditions, while the 10- to 11-year-old children had comparable thresholds to adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11789513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency-differencing strategy to kickstart full-waveform inversion without cycle skipping. 无周期跳变启动全波形反转的差频策略。
IF 1.2
JASA express letters Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1121/10.0034763
Rehman Ali, Trevor Mitcham, Israel Owolabi, Sarah McConnell, Nebojsa Duric
{"title":"Frequency-differencing strategy to kickstart full-waveform inversion without cycle skipping.","authors":"Rehman Ali, Trevor Mitcham, Israel Owolabi, Sarah McConnell, Nebojsa Duric","doi":"10.1121/10.0034763","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0034763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound tomography fundamentally relies on low-frequency data to avoid cycle skipping in full-waveform inversion (FWI). In the absence of sufficiently low-frequency data, we can extrapolate low-frequency content from existing high-frequency signals by using the same approach used in frequency-difference beamforming. This low-frequency content is then used to kickstart FWI and avoid cycle skipping at higher frequencies. In simulations, the structural similarity index measure and peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image improve by 0.28 and 8.6 dB, respectively, as a result of frequency differencing. Experiments show that internal structures can be seen with greater clarity because of frequency differencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":73538,"journal":{"name":"JASA express letters","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11734264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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