iRadiology最新文献

{"title":"A 3D surface coil with deep learning-based noise reduction for parotid gland imaging at 7T","authors":"Sayim Gokyar,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhao,&nbsp;Shajan Gunamony,&nbsp;Liyang Tang,&nbsp;Jonathan West,&nbsp;Niels Kokot,&nbsp;Danny J. J. Wang","doi":"10.1002/ird3.79","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.79","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Background: Parotid gland neoplasms occur near the facial nerve. Hence, it is crucial to determine whether the malignant neoplasms involve the facial nerve and whether sacrifice of the nerve in surgery is necessary. Furthermore, while 20% of all neoplasms are malignant, the most common benign neoplasm, pleomorphic adenoma, has a risk for malignant transformation, making early detection and treatment essential. 7T magnetic resonance imaging offers increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, we address imaging the parotid gland since it remains challenging at 7T because of its spatial location.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we present a novel three-dimensional surface coil (3D Coil) architecture that offers increased depth penetration and SNR compared to the single channel surface coil. We further developed a deep learning (DL)-based noise reduction method that receives inputs from three elements of the 3D Coil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 3D coil with DL-based denoising method offers twice the SNR compared to the single channel surface coil for parotid gland imaging at 7T.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed 3D Coil and DL-based noise reduction method offers a promising way of achieving higher SNR for parotid salivary gland imaging at 7T, paving the road for clinical applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative susceptibility mapping as an early neuroimaging biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review","authors":"Sana Mohammadi,&nbsp;Sadegh Ghaderi,&nbsp;Farzad Fatehi","doi":"10.1002/ird3.88","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced post-processing technique in magnetic resonance imaging that offers precise measurements of tissue magnetic susceptibility with impressive spatial resolution and sensitivity. This review examines the potential of QSM as a biomarker for early detection and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since 2015, studies have consistently reported increased QSM values in the motor regions of individuals with ALS, indicating significant iron deposition. Iron accumulation is associated with dysfunction of the upper motor neurons and faster disease progression. Notably, increased QSM values were also observed in the critical subcortical areas responsible for motor function and cognitive control. However, standardizing optimized protocols, including background field removal algorithms, phase unwrapping approaches, and methods for final susceptibility map reconstruction, has the potential to enhance the consistency and reliability of QSM as an ALS biomarker. Overall, the current body of evidence strongly supports QSM in detecting iron dysregulation associated with neurodegeneration in both motor and extra-motor regions in ALS. Furthermore, QSM's remarkable sensitivity to early pathological iron changes and its high specificity in distinguishing ALS positions make it a promising diagnostic and progression-tracking biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"387-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles: A new frontier in the theranostics of cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Enze Fu,&nbsp;Zongjin Li","doi":"10.1002/ird3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny vesicles released by various cells that contain a variety of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can have a wide range of effects on other cells. The dynamic composition and contents of EVs can serve as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In addition to their diagnostic potential, EVs are therapeutic agents capable of precise modulation and amelioration of CVDs, because of their innate ability to encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules. This growing field reveals the intricate interplay between EVs and cardiovascular pathophysiology, showing that EVs can act as messengers of intercellular communication for CVD regenerative therapy. Extracellular vesicles serve as dual agents in the field of theranostics, both as diagnostic biomarkers able to decode nuanced molecular signatures of CVDs and as potent vehicles for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review delves into the evolving landscape of EVs, uncovering their diagnostic and therapeutic prospects and emphasizing their growing importance in shaping the future of cardiovascular theranostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"240-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing artificial intelligence design for better radiopharmaceuticals","authors":"Jinping Tao,&nbsp;Xiangxing Kong,&nbsp;Zhi Yang,&nbsp;Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1002/ird3.76","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.76","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cancer has emerged as a significant threat to human life, and its incidence and mortality are increasing rapidly. As clinicians increasingly seek to noninvasively investigate tumor phenotypes and evaluate functional and molecular responses to therapy, the combination of diagnostic imaging with targeted therapy is becoming more widely implemented [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Targeted radionuclide therapy involves the use of small molecules, peptides, and/or antibodies as carriers for therapeutic radionuclides, with these being referred to as radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals, also known as molecular probes in nuclear medicine, play a vital role in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Currently, there are numerous radiopharmaceuticals approved or under research worldwide for a wide range of indications. At the end of March 2022, there were 60 radiopharmaceuticals approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] (Supplemental Table) [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. As of October 2023, 42 radiopharmaceuticals have been approved for marketing by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. However, there remains an urgent need to identify new targets and new drug molecules to advance the process of radiopharmaceutical research and development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2022, the nanobody &lt;sup&gt;68&lt;/sup&gt;Ga-Nb1159 targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], was successfully prepared. The probe has the potential not only to monitor the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in real time, but also to assess the infection status of patients. However, its targeting specificity is limited by the structural characteristics of the small molecule. Therefore, designing radiopharmaceuticals with high specificity and affinity has become an important direction in the development of radiotherapy drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought new technological tools for drug discovery and development. New possibilities for the design, synthesis, and bioanalysis of new and existing small molecules have been opened up through machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and so on [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. For example, AI can be applied to the design of ligands with high affinity for research targets. Such ligands for radiopharmaceuticals can be nanoparticles; however, unlike the nanoparticles traditionally used to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs, AI-driven nanoparticles that can respond to or be guided by biological cues are emerging as a promising drug delivery platform for the precise treatment of cancer. A study of AI-guided polymer nanoparticles showed that the fluorescence intensity and wavelength generated by the interaction between negatively charged cyclic peptide nanoparticles and amyloid-beta aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid and serum varied with disease state in comparison withed to healthy individuals [&lt;span&gt;6, 7&lt;/span&gt;]. The proposed computer-aide","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"412-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic brachial artery pseudoaneurysm causing median nerve compression neuropraxia diagnosed and compression therapy ultrasonography: A rarest case image","authors":"Alamgir Khan,&nbsp;Thamizh Selvan,&nbsp;Arjun Ganpat Munde,&nbsp;Manohar Kachare","doi":"10.1002/ird3.78","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 69-year-old male with a known history (Hx) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was presented with a 2-day Hx of inability to flex the proximal and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the first, second, and third digits of his left hand. Notably, he retained the ability to flex the proximal and DIP joints of the fourth and fifth fingers. This presentation followed balloon fistuloplasty (BF) performed to address stenosis of an arteriovenous fistula between the radial artery and cephalic vein.</p><p>Physical examination revealed swelling and erythema on the ventral aspect of left upper arm. He was referred for ultrasonography (USG) for the same.</p><p>Ultrasound imaging of the left upper arm was conducted. The examination revealed a well-defined cystic lesion measuring 27 × 7 × 10 mm, originating from the wall of the brachial artery. Doppler study demonstrated a “ying yang” sign on color Doppler, indicative of a pseudoaneurysm (PNA). Notably, the PNA was observed to pulsate against the median nerve (MN), leading to neuropraxia (Figure 1).</p><p>Under ultrasound guidance, compression therapy for 15 min was performed and complete obliteration of lumen was achieved and was confirmed on Doppler study showing no flow in the lumen of PNA (Figure 2).</p><p>The MN descends down the arm, initially lateral to the brachial artery. Halfway down the arm, the nerve crosses over the brachial artery and becomes situated medially [<span>1</span>]. The MN is formed from all anterior rami of C5-T1 [<span>2</span>]. It predominantly provides motor innervation to the flexor muscles of the forearm and hand and also provides sensory innervation to the dorsal aspect (nail bed) of the distal first two digits of the hand, the palmar aspect of the thumb, index, middle, and half of the ring finger, the palm, as well as the medial aspect of the forearm [<span>3</span>].</p><p>MN neuropraxia associated with post iatrogenic vascular injury to the brachial artery is very low and is a degraded complication. Brachial PNA could result in compression of the MN in the arm leading to an ischemic injury [<span>4</span>]. In this case, the patient was presented with pain and erythema of the left upper arm. From the given Hx, the patient was a known case of CKD and was undergoing hemodialysis for the same. A fistula between the radial artery and cephalic vein was created. Later, after 5 months of arterio-venous fistula, he developed features of arterio-venous fistula stenosis, and BF was advised for the same.</p><p>In this patient, a complication of arterio-venous stenosis was diagnosed. USG and color Doppler of the upper arm at the incision site showed a PNA, which was seen pulsating and compressing the MN. Thus, a diagnosis of neuropraxia was made. Compression therapy for 15 min was performed, and complete occlusion of the PNA was obtained.</p><p>Our case underscores the significance of prompt recognition and management of PNAs following vascular interventions. Utilization of high-re","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"362-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.78","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of pain using positron emission tomography","authors":"Yu-Peng Zhou,&nbsp;Lauren L. Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Sun,&nbsp;Pedro Brugarolas","doi":"10.1002/ird3.73","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technique that utilizes biologically active radiolabeled compounds to image biochemical processes. As such, PET can provide important pathophysiological information associated with pain of different etiologies. Consequently, the information obtained using PET often combined with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography can provide useful information for diagnosing and monitoring changes associated with pain. This review covers the most important PET tracers that have been used to image pain including tracers for fundamental biological processes such as glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow, to receptor-specific tracers such as ion channels and neurotransmitters. For each tracer, we describe the structure and radiochemical synthesis of the tracer followed by a brief summary of the available preclinical and clinical studies. By providing a summary of the PET tracers that have been employed for PET imaging of pain, this review aims to serve as a reference for preclinical, translational, and clinical investigators interested in molecular imaging of pain. Finally, the review ends with an outlook of the needs and opportunities in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"339-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity continuous ultrasound effect on proliferation and morphology of fibroblast cells","authors":"Tu Minh Tran Vo,&nbsp;Guillermo Ignacio Guangorena Zarzosa,&nbsp;Keita Nakajima,&nbsp;Takaomi Kobayashi","doi":"10.1002/ird3.75","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, the use of ultrasound (US) for triggering drug release to specific tissues was explored, but its direct effects on cells have not been thoroughly understood. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the impact of US powers and US irradiation times on fibroblast cells (NIH-3T3). The results showed that the diverse US settings had varying effects on cell proliferation and distribution in the polystyrene culture dish. Interestingly, at 10 W, 43 kHz with changing exposed time up to 30 min either stimulated or inhibited fibroblast cell growth after 24 and 72 h of cultivation compared to the control sample in the absence of US, while longer US exposure time led to a moderate reduction in cell quantity. Moreover, higher US levels of 20 and 30 W could cause an aggregation of cells and sublethal damage to the cells. Importantly, the morphology of fibroblast was changed from stellate-shape to round-shape under greater US powers. Elevated US power also influenced interactions between proteins and lipids, affecting the atomic and molecular charges, leading to changes in both zeta potential and pH of the dispensed cell solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 3","pages":"318-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Castleman's disease in the hepatic parenchyma: A case report and literature review","authors":"Hanjun Zhang,&nbsp;Mingyue Song,&nbsp;Mingzhan Du,&nbsp;Zhuxue Zhang,&nbsp;Weiguo Zhang","doi":"10.1002/ird3.74","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.74","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 65-year-old woman was found to have a space-occupying lesion in the parenchyma of hepatic segment IV by ultrasonography during a routine medical checkup. She had no history of viral hepatitis or any infectious diseases, and her tumor markers and routine blood and biochemical indices were normal. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined lesion that showed homogeneous hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity with a halo sign on T2-weighted images (Figure 1a,b). Diffusion-weighted imaging showed homogeneous restricted diffusion (Figure 1c,d), and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging showed hyperintensity in the arterial phase with no Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake in the hepatobiliary phase (Figure 1e–g). A maximum standardized uptake value (SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) of 3.270 and a delayed SUV&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; of 4.887 were recorded on &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans (Figure 2a–d). The plasma cell variant of Castleman's disease was confirmed pathologically after left hemihepatectomy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed lymphoid hyperplasia, positive immunostaining for CD markers, and a Ki-67 index of 40% (Figure 2e,f). No recurrence has been noted on annual computed tomography scans after the 6-month follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Castleman's disease, also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia and giant lymph node hyperplasia [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], rarely arises in the hepatic parenchyma. Clinically, Castleman's disease can be divided into unicentric (UCD) and multicentric (MCD). UCD and idiopathic MCD are classified into tumor-like lesions with B-cell predominance according to the fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumors [&lt;span&gt;2, 3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;UCD usually presents as a localized lesion without any obvious symptoms [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Diagnosis of hepatic UCD remains difficult because of a lack of specific imaging features. In our case, it was necessary to rule out the possibility of hemangioendothelioma in view of the presence of a halo sign on T2-weighted images. However, our patient had none of the hallmarks of hemangioendothelioma, such as the “capsular retraction” sign [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. On dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the corona-like enhancement of this lesion can be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the lesion lacked a capsule and the classical “wash in and wash out” dynamic enhancement pattern typical of HCC [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of note, the corona-like enhancement and the halo sign seen in our case may also be seen in hepatocellular adenoma. However, the lesion did not show the atoll sign or signal drop out on out-of-phase imaging or uptake of a hepatocyte-specific contrast agent [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Furthermore, the lesion in our case showed a low signal in the hepatobiliary phase, which rules out focal nodular hyperplasia [&lt;span&gt;8, 9&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lesion in ","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 4","pages":"422-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ChatGPT 3.5 in emergency radiology, with a focus on cardiothoracic emergencies: Proof with examples","authors":"Arosh S. Perera Molligoda Arachchige","doi":"10.1002/ird3.65","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird3.65","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;As the authors of this commentary, we would like to clarify that the figures presented originated from ChatGPT 3.5. Unless specified otherwise, in all figures, questions were provided as input through its user interface and the responses generated have been illustrated in a distinct font. The human authors subsequently undertook the editing process where we edited the ChatGPT 3.5 generated responses for better clarity (in terms of text organization) [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ChatGPT 3.5, created by OpenAI in San Francisco, is an advanced artificial intelligence conversational tool. Operating as a large language model (LLM), it can engage in conversations across more than 90 languages. Developed through deep-learning techniques utilizing multilayered recurrent feedforward neural networks, the model has undergone training on an extensive dataset with over 175 billion parameters. This dataset comprises information from diverse internet sources, including websites, articles, fiction, and books, collected until September 2021. The architecture of ChatGPT 3.5 is based on transformers, allowing it to simultaneously process a vast amount of data. This design enables the model to grasp the context and relationships between words in input sequences, facilitating the generation of coherent and relevant responses. Notably, ChatGPT 3.5 can comprehend questions and furnish persuasive, grammatically correct answers. Moreover, it has the capability to generate code, stories, poetry, scientific abstracts, and various other types of content in different styles. It is crucial to emphasize that ChatGPT 3.5 does not merely replicate stored information. Instead, it generates the most probable next word based on probabilities acquired through reinforcement learning during its training process [&lt;span&gt;4-6&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ChatGPT 3.5 has the potential to greatly assist radiologists in image analysis and interpretation, leveraging its deep-learning capabilities to scrutinize extensive imaging data. By presenting alternative perspectives and highlighting potential areas of concern, ChatGPT 3.5 can enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. Furthermore, the tool can optimize workflow in radiology departments by automating repetitive tasks, such as report generation, leading to time savings for radiologists, being crucial in particular for emergency radiologists.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, recently a course called “The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Emergency Imaging AI Certificate” has been introduced by the RSNA, which signifies the importance of AI technologies including LLMs in emergency settings. Thus, we decided to explore the role that ChatGPT 3.5 can play in a specific setting of radiological emergencies, in particular in the setting of imaging of cardiothoracic emergencies [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As shown in Figure 1, we first inquired ChatGPT 3.5 regarding the radiation dose in a diagnostic coronary angiogram providing also patient specifi","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 5","pages":"510-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency, accuracy, and health professional's perspectives regarding artificial intelligence in radiology practice: A scoping review","authors":"Chanchan He,&nbsp;Weiqi Liu,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Yao Huang,&nbsp;Zijie Dong,&nbsp;You Wu,&nbsp;Hadi Kharrazi","doi":"10.1002/ird3.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this scoping review, we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals' perspectives regarding AI use in radiology. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological guidelines. We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15, 2016 to December 31, 2023. Of 49 articles reviewed, 13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice, and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radiology. In four separate studies, AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivity or detection rate. Furthermore, six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use. Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI, these findings did not reach statistical significance. Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future. Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals, who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI. Overall, AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice. However, knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology. This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice, promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"2 2","pages":"156-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}