iRadiology最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of MRI in Fetal Surgery","authors":"Wei Bian,&nbsp;Weizeng Zheng,&nbsp;Zesi Liu,&nbsp;Qiong Luo,&nbsp;Liqun Sun","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in fetal surgery techniques have enabled the treatment of certain congenital defects before birth. A critical area of focus is the role of perinatal imaging in optimizing prenatal interventions within the precision medicine framework. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as an indispensable tool for guiding these intricate procedures with the potential to significantly enhance the standard of care and outcomes for affected fetuses. This review begins with an overview of the classification and indications for fetal surgical interventions. It then explores the detailed applications of prenatal MRI scanning and diagnostic techniques across various categories of fetal surgery. A key focus is how fetal MRI provides critical insights into specific lesion characteristics and tissue involvement, thereby aiding healthcare professionals in selecting the optimal surgical strategies for prenatal and postnatal interventions. Fetal MRI offers detailed visualizations that complement traditional ultrasound findings, enhancing the precision of radiological planning for fetal surgery. Finally, the review highlights how integration of fetal MRI into the decision-making process enables healthcare providers to make well-informed choices, ultimately improving the prognosis and outcomes for both the mother and fetus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Intracranial Tumors: Prenatal Diagnosis by Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Jing-Ya Ren,&nbsp;Hui Ji,&nbsp;Ming Zhu,&nbsp;Su-Zhen Dong","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fetal intracranial tumors are rare, accounting for approximately 0.5%–1.9% of all pediatric tumors, though the true incidence may be underestimated. These tumors often present with distinct histopathological features, imaging characteristics, and clinical behavior compared to their postnatal counterparts. This review summarizes the current understanding of the prenatal diagnosis and characterization of fetal brain tumors, with a particular focus on the role of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We discuss the advantages of advanced MR sequences in enhancing lesion detection and anatomical delineation following suspicious findings on obstetric ultrasound. Common tumor types encountered in utero—including teratomas, astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, choroid plexus papillomas, and craniopharyngiomas—are reviewed in terms of imaging features, differential diagnosis, and clinical implications. Furthermore, the review addresses the diagnostic challenges, prognostic considerations, and the potential role of fetal MRI in guiding perinatal management and parental counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Prenasal Thickness, Nasal Bone Length and Their Ratio in Diagnosing Down Syndrome at 16-25 weeks' of gestation in India: A Retrospective, Observational, Case Control Study","authors":"Mhaske Nilesh Madhukar,&nbsp;Rachna Gupta,&nbsp;Akshatha Sharma,&nbsp;Smriti Prasad,&nbsp;Anita Kaul","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is found to have association of facial parameters with trisomy 21 fetuses (T 21). We have compared prenasal thickness (PNT), nasal bone length (NBL), and the PNT:NBL ratio of normal fetuses with fetuses with trisomy 21 (T 21) between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation as a diagnostic tool for T 21.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial profile images in the two dimensional (2D) gray scale were assessed to measure fetal NBL and PNT between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation. The PNT:NBL ratio of the fetuses was calculated. Nomograms were constructed from the data of morphologically normal fetuses at live birth. The PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL ratio of fetuses with confirmed T 21 (<i>n</i> = 31) and morphologically normal fetuses at live birth (controls, <i>n</i> = 3485) were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nomograms for PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio were constructed. In T 21 fetuses, PNT (&gt; 95th percentile), NBL (&lt; 5th percentile), and the PNT:NBL ratio (&gt; 95th percentile) showed a sensitivity of 25%, 29%, and 45% for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively, and specificity of 95%, 96%, and 94%, for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively. All of these markers showed a negative predictive value of 99%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio have high diagnostic value for fetuses with Down syndrome and can be incorporated easily in the current second trimester screening protocol for T 21. PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio are more specific markers for Down syndrome than those used in previous studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Postnatal Outcomes of Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma: A Retrospective Analysis","authors":"Luyao Yang,&nbsp;Jianbo Teng,&nbsp;Xinhong Wei","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Congenital hepatic hemangioma (CHH) is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs prenatally. However, only a few cases have been summarized and evaluated for the prenatal and postnatal imaging features of CHH, and no studies have conducted long-term follow-up on it. This study aimed to explore the ultrasound and magnetic resonance features, growth patterns, and clinical outcomes of CHH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-six pregnancies with a prenatal fetal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis of CHH were studied. CHHs were grouped into those with a diameter ≥ 4 cm and those with a diameter &lt; 4 cm according to the largest diameter. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the imaging characteristics between the groups. The volume of CHHs was measured at each follow-up visit to plot the growth pattern of the tumors, and the volume of CHHs was compared before and after birth using a rank sum test analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three cases of CHHs were confirmed by postnatal imaging, and three were confirmed by a biopsy. Mixed echoes were more common in the diameter ≥ 4 cm group than in the diameter &lt; 4 cm group (<i>p</i> = 0.026). Complications were more likely to occur in the large-diameter group. Eighteen (54.5%) cases were classified as rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma, nine (27.3%) as partially involuting congenital hemangioma, and two (6.1%) as noninvoluting congenital hemangioma. A new type of CHH was identified in which four (12.1%) cases continued to proliferate after birth and spontaneously subsided in subsequent months. The CHH volume decreased with age and was significantly decreased at 9 months postnatal compared to birth (<i>p</i> = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed the imaging features of CHH were associated with the lesion size. Based on postnatal follow-up, a new type of CHH was identified. If there are no complications at birth in CHH cases, a good prognosis is indicated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"214-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clearer Picture: MRI's Expanding Role in High-Risk Pregnancy Care","authors":"Su-Zhen Dong,&nbsp;Fu-Tsuen Lee,&nbsp;Lianxiang Xiao,&nbsp;Liqun Sun","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70023","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In recent decades, maternal–fetal medicine has undergone substantial advancements in the management of high-risk pregnancies. These include enhanced prenatal screening and diagnosis facilitated by innovations in ultrasound imaging, as well as the advances in fetal medical and interventional therapies informed by the deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying fetal and maternal disease processes. Collectively, these have contributed to measurable reductions in maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. However, the identification of certain fetal conditions using ultrasound remains challenging because of suboptimal acoustic windows, fetal positioning, maternal body habitus, and limited soft tissue contrast [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. These challenges can delay diagnosis and management, and potentially impact the timing of interventions, as well as the quality of prenatal counseling regarding the child's future health, development, and quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent advances in fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have emerged as a feasible alternative when ultrasound findings are inconclusive or limited. Fetal MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast which can enhance the characterization of complex fetal conditions. This was facilitated by the development of accelerated image acquisition techniques and motion-correction algorithms to reduce maternal breathing and fetal movement artifacts, thereby reducing scan times and improving the overall image quality [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, fetal MRI could serve as a valuable adjunct to clinical assessment, optimizing prenatal management and facilitating targeted interventions in high-risk pregnancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue explores the expanding role of fetal MRI in the diagnosis, prognosis, and planning of interventions in complex fetal conditions in high-risk pregnancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fetal MRI offers enhanced anatomical resolution and tissue characterization of the developing fetal brain [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Ren et al. provided a comprehensive review on the utility of fetal MRI on the diagnosis of congenital brain tumors including teratomas, astrocytomas, and choroid plexus tumors [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Key findings include superior tissue contrast to characterize tumor morphology, volume, and mass effect, which may prompt additional investigations for associated pathologies, guide the timing of delivery for postnatal interventions, and aid prenatal counseling [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Liu and Xiao presented a rare case of fetal periventricular nodular heterotopia identified by fetal MRI after ultrasound detection of a posterior fossa cyst [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Fetal MRI detected a gray matter nodule in the right lateral ventricular wall leading to suspicion of fetal gray matter heterotopia, which was confirmed by brain MRI at 7 months of age with no associated abnormal neurological presentation. Although a neuronal migration disorder, these findings highlight some individuals may not ","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"188-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Color Coding in Musculoskeletal MR Imaging","authors":"Saavi Reddy Pellakuru,&nbsp;Sonal Saran,&nbsp;Syed Alam,&nbsp;Sameer Raniga,&nbsp;David Beale,&nbsp;Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in modern medical diagnostics, providing detailed insights into soft tissue structures and pathological changes. Traditional grayscale images can sometimes obscure critical details, complicating accurate interpretations. Automated color coding of the MRI signal intensities may enhance the visualization of various pathologies, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and image quality. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of color-coded MR image reconstruction in enhancing both diagnostic precision and overall image quality in musculoskeletal MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated the images reconstructed with color coding, rating their diagnostic value, image quality, and visual appeal using a five-point Likert scale. To assess interrater reliability, Cohen's Kappa statistical analysis was performed. Additionally, descriptive statistics summarizing the Likert scores for diagnostic value, image quality, and visual appeal of the reconstructed images have been described.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the diagnostic value, image value, and visual appeal of the color-coded MR images were excellent in almost two-thirds of the data set. The minimum Likert score recorded was 3, signifying a good quality rating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study shows positive results, supporting the efficiency of color-coded MR imaging in aiding the conventional gray scale MR imaging to improve its diagnostic efficiency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"248-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retroperitoneal Ectopic Pregnancy","authors":"Qingying Song,&nbsp;Dan Li","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 35-year-old woman with a history of regular menstruation presented with a positive urine pregnancy test and elevated blood human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations. Color Doppler ultrasound showed multiple slightly hyperechoic areas within the uterine cavity. She was admitted to the hospital with a preliminary outpatient diagnosis of “suspected molar pregnancy, pending further evaluation.” After electrocution and curettage, no villous tissue was identified, and postoperative human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations failed to decline. Pelvic MRI showed a round, thick-walled cystic mass in the anterior sacral region (Figure 1). Color Doppler ultrasound showed that the cystic mass contained a yolk sac, fetal bud, and fetal cardiac activity (Figure 2). Surgical pathology subsequently confirmed the presence of villous tissue, consistent with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.</p><p><b>Qingying Song:</b> writing – original draft preparation (lead), writing – review and editing (lead). <b>Dan Li:</b> writing – original draft preparation (supporting), writing – review and editing (supporting).</p><p>The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Linyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (QTL-YXLL-2023080).</p><p>Informed consent was waived because the patient’s information has been anonymized, which was approved by the ethics committee.</p><p>The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"237-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Examining Fetal Brain Development in Mid- to Late Pregnancy","authors":"Dejuan Shan,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Maobo Wang,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu,&nbsp;Yudong Wang,&nbsp;Lianxiang Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) represents a significant advancement in the noninvasive assessment of brain metabolism. MRS can provide valuable metabolic information and facilitate more accurate diagnoses of intrauterine fetal brain development than was previously possible. To obtain information regarding normal intrauterine fetal brain metabolism and to establish gestational age-specific reference values for normal fetal brain metabolites for subsequent use in MRS, we conducted MRS scans of normal fetal brains during mid- to late-term pregnancies, along with related processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this prospective study, MRS scans were conducted on 109 fetuses, with a total of 54 normal fetal brains enrolled on the basis of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. We analyzed metabolic ratios, including the sum of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), inositol (Ins), and total creatine (tCr), in relation to gestational age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gestational age was significantly correlated with specific metabolic ratios (Ins/tCr: <i>r</i> = −0.75, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001; tCho/tCr: <i>r</i> = −0.50, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), especially tNAA/tCho (tNAA/tCho: <i>r</i> = 0.54, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and tNAA/Ins (<i>r</i> = 0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), providing a baseline for fetal brain metabolic assessment. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate regression lines for fetal brain metabolite ratios. Slopes were tested at <i>p</i> of 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current findings confirmed a significant correlation between fetal brain metabolites and gestational age, supporting the feasibility of establishing standard values for these metabolites in fetal brain assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"209-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Gray Matter Heterotopia","authors":"Jiaojiao Liu,&nbsp;Lianxiang Xiao","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A pregnant woman underwent fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following ultrasound detection of a posterior fossa cyst at 29 weeks' gestation. She presented with no relevant medical history and underwent a routine obstetric examination during pregnancy. The fetal head position, fetal cranial development, and limb development remained normal until 29 weeks. A fetal MRI examination showed a posterior fossa cyst, and another nodular gray matter signal was observed adjacent to the right lateral ventricle. Follow-up MRI at 31 weeks + 3 days showed no major changes (Figure 1). The patient successfully delivered a male neonate at 40 weeks' gestation. A brain MRI was performed at 7 months of age and confirmed the diagnosis of fetal gray matter heterotopia (GMH) (periventricular type) (Figure 2). He showed no neurological abnormalities such as epilepsy. Moreover, his skin manifestations were normal, and his growth and development were consistent with his monthly age.</p><p>Fetal GMH is a relatively uncommon congenital disorder that arises from impaired neuronal migration. The three main types of GMH are periventricular nodular heterotopia, subcortical heterotopia, and subcortical band heterotopia. The most common type is periventricular nodular heterotopia, as found in the present case. GMH can sometimes be accompanied by other abnormalities, such as ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and congenital heart disease. Fetal MRI is increasingly being used to diagnose fetal GMH because of its high soft tissue resolution. However, there have been few reports of pathological or postnatally confirmed fetal GMH.</p><p><b>Jiaojiao Liu:</b> writing – original draft (lead). <b>Lianxiang Xiao:</b> conceptualization (lead), supervision (lead).</p><p>This study was approved by Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Research Ethics Approval (Approval No.: 2024-13).</p><p>The case was retrospectively analysed, the fetal and postnatal imaging data used were from previous medical records, and the images were anonymised, which does not pose a risk of compromising the patient's privacy. Therefore, informed consent was exempted.</p><p>This article belongs to a special issue (SI)—fetal imaging, maternal and children imaging. As the SI's guest editor, Professor Lianxiang Xiao is excluded from all the editorial decisions related to the publication of this article. The remaining author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"231-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Fetal Myocardial Alterations and Congenital Heart Disease Based on Post-Mortem Myocardial MRI","authors":"Weizeng Zheng,&nbsp;Xia Ying,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Le Wang,&nbsp;Peiyue Jiang,&nbsp;Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Guohui Yan,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Yimin Zhou,&nbsp;Yun Liang,&nbsp;Yu Zou,&nbsp;Liqun Sun,&nbsp;Qiong Luo","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) results from abnormal heart development during fetal development, leading to life-threatening complications. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of applying myocardial parametric mapping in post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and to examine differences in the left ventricular myocardium between fetuses with CHD and controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective case–control study was conducted on 14 deceased fetuses with CHD (CHD group) and 24 fetuses without CHD (control group). Fetuses with CHD were further stratified into the cyanotic (<i>n</i> = 9) and non-cyanotic (<i>n</i> = 5) CHD groups. T1, T2, and proton density relaxation times of the left ventricular myocardium were calculated and compared using multiple-dynamic multiple-echo post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging technology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The myocardial T2 relaxation time was significantly different between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.033), with no difference in T1 or proton density relaxation times between the groups. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's test showed that the mean cyanotic CHD group showed a longer myocardial T2 relaxation time than the control group (98.000 ± 13.143 vs. 83.542 ± 9.491 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Additionally, the correlation coefficient in the CHD group was significantly different between the myocardial T2 relaxation time and peak systolic velocity of pulmonary artery on a fetal echocardiogram (<i>r</i>² = 0.681, <i>p</i> = 0.010).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that using myocardial alterations in the T2 relaxation time may provide a accurate early warning for myocardial injury and enable noninvasive recognition of cardiac involvement in fetuses with CHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144519973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}