{"title":"使用鼻前厚度，鼻骨长度和它们的比例诊断唐氏综合征在妊娠16-25周在印度：回顾性，观察性，病例对照研究","authors":"Mhaske Nilesh Madhukar, Rachna Gupta, Akshatha Sharma, Smriti Prasad, Anita Kaul","doi":"10.1002/ird3.70017","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>It is found to have association of facial parameters with trisomy 21 fetuses (T 21). We have compared prenasal thickness (PNT), nasal bone length (NBL), and the PNT:NBL ratio of normal fetuses with fetuses with trisomy 21 (T 21) between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation as a diagnostic tool for T 21.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Facial profile images in the two dimensional (2D) gray scale were assessed to measure fetal NBL and PNT between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation. The PNT:NBL ratio of the fetuses was calculated. Nomograms were constructed from the data of morphologically normal fetuses at live birth. The PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL ratio of fetuses with confirmed T 21 (<i>n</i> = 31) and morphologically normal fetuses at live birth (controls, <i>n</i> = 3485) were compared.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Nomograms for PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio were constructed. In T 21 fetuses, PNT (> 95th percentile), NBL (< 5th percentile), and the PNT:NBL ratio (> 95th percentile) showed a sensitivity of 25%, 29%, and 45% for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively, and specificity of 95%, 96%, and 94%, for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively. All of these markers showed a negative predictive value of 99%.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio have high diagnostic value for fetuses with Down syndrome and can be incorporated easily in the current second trimester screening protocol for T 21. PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio are more specific markers for Down syndrome than those used in previous studies.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":73508,"journal":{"name":"iRadiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70017","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Use of Prenasal Thickness, Nasal Bone Length and Their Ratio in Diagnosing Down Syndrome at 16-25 weeks' of gestation in India: A Retrospective, Observational, Case Control Study\",\"authors\":\"Mhaske Nilesh Madhukar, Rachna Gupta, Akshatha Sharma, Smriti Prasad, Anita Kaul\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/ird3.70017\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Background</h3>\\n \\n <p>It is found to have association of facial parameters with trisomy 21 fetuses (T 21). We have compared prenasal thickness (PNT), nasal bone length (NBL), and the PNT:NBL ratio of normal fetuses with fetuses with trisomy 21 (T 21) between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation as a diagnostic tool for T 21.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Facial profile images in the two dimensional (2D) gray scale were assessed to measure fetal NBL and PNT between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation. The PNT:NBL ratio of the fetuses was calculated. Nomograms were constructed from the data of morphologically normal fetuses at live birth. The PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL ratio of fetuses with confirmed T 21 (<i>n</i> = 31) and morphologically normal fetuses at live birth (controls, <i>n</i> = 3485) were compared.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Nomograms for PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio were constructed. In T 21 fetuses, PNT (> 95th percentile), NBL (< 5th percentile), and the PNT:NBL ratio (> 95th percentile) showed a sensitivity of 25%, 29%, and 45% for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively, and specificity of 95%, 96%, and 94%, for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively. All of these markers showed a negative predictive value of 99%.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio have high diagnostic value for fetuses with Down syndrome and can be incorporated easily in the current second trimester screening protocol for T 21. PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio are more specific markers for Down syndrome than those used in previous studies.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":73508,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"iRadiology\",\"volume\":\"3 3\",\"pages\":\"239-247\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird3.70017\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"iRadiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ird3.70017\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"iRadiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ird3.70017","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of Prenasal Thickness, Nasal Bone Length and Their Ratio in Diagnosing Down Syndrome at 16-25 weeks' of gestation in India: A Retrospective, Observational, Case Control Study
Background
It is found to have association of facial parameters with trisomy 21 fetuses (T 21). We have compared prenasal thickness (PNT), nasal bone length (NBL), and the PNT:NBL ratio of normal fetuses with fetuses with trisomy 21 (T 21) between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation as a diagnostic tool for T 21.
Methods
Facial profile images in the two dimensional (2D) gray scale were assessed to measure fetal NBL and PNT between 16 and 25 weeks of gestation. The PNT:NBL ratio of the fetuses was calculated. Nomograms were constructed from the data of morphologically normal fetuses at live birth. The PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL ratio of fetuses with confirmed T 21 (n = 31) and morphologically normal fetuses at live birth (controls, n = 3485) were compared.
Results
Nomograms for PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio were constructed. In T 21 fetuses, PNT (> 95th percentile), NBL (< 5th percentile), and the PNT:NBL ratio (> 95th percentile) showed a sensitivity of 25%, 29%, and 45% for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively, and specificity of 95%, 96%, and 94%, for PNT, NBL, and PNT:NBL, respectively. All of these markers showed a negative predictive value of 99%.
Conclusion
PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio have high diagnostic value for fetuses with Down syndrome and can be incorporated easily in the current second trimester screening protocol for T 21. PNT, NBL, and the PNT:NBL ratio are more specific markers for Down syndrome than those used in previous studies.
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