Prenatal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Postnatal Outcomes of Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma: A Retrospective Analysis

iRadiology Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI:10.1002/ird3.70021

Luyao Yang, Jianbo Teng, Xinhong Wei

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Abstract

Background

Congenital hepatic hemangioma (CHH) is a rare benign vascular tumor that occurs prenatally. However, only a few cases have been summarized and evaluated for the prenatal and postnatal imaging features of CHH, and no studies have conducted long-term follow-up on it. This study aimed to explore the ultrasound and magnetic resonance features, growth patterns, and clinical outcomes of CHH.

Methods

Thirty-six pregnancies with a prenatal fetal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis of CHH were studied. CHHs were grouped into those with a diameter ≥ 4 cm and those with a diameter < 4 cm according to the largest diameter. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the imaging characteristics between the groups. The volume of CHHs was measured at each follow-up visit to plot the growth pattern of the tumors, and the volume of CHHs was compared before and after birth using a rank sum test analysis.

Results

Thirty-three cases of CHHs were confirmed by postnatal imaging, and three were confirmed by a biopsy. Mixed echoes were more common in the diameter ≥ 4 cm group than in the diameter < 4 cm group (p = 0.026). Complications were more likely to occur in the large-diameter group. Eighteen (54.5%) cases were classified as rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma, nine (27.3%) as partially involuting congenital hemangioma, and two (6.1%) as noninvoluting congenital hemangioma. A new type of CHH was identified in which four (12.1%) cases continued to proliferate after birth and spontaneously subsided in subsequent months. The CHH volume decreased with age and was significantly decreased at 9 months postnatal compared to birth (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study showed the imaging features of CHH were associated with the lesion size. Based on postnatal follow-up, a new type of CHH was identified. If there are no complications at birth in CHH cases, a good prognosis is indicated.

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先天性肝血管瘤的产前超声和磁共振成像特征及产后预后回顾性分析

背景：先天性肝血管瘤（CHH）是一种罕见的发生在胎儿期的良性血管肿瘤。然而，仅有少数病例对CHH的产前和产后影像学特征进行了总结和评价，并没有对其进行长期随访的研究。本研究旨在探讨CHH的超声和磁共振特征、生长模式和临床结局。方法对36例产前胎儿诊断和产后诊断为CHH的孕妇进行分析。CHHs分为直径≥4 cm和直径<；根据最大直径4厘米。采用Fisher精确检验比较两组间的影像学特征。每次随访时测量CHHs的体积，以绘制肿瘤的生长模式，并使用秩和检验分析比较出生前后CHHs的体积。结果33例CHHs经产后影像学证实，3例活检证实。直径≥4 cm组混合回声较直径<组多见；4 cm组（p = 0.026）。大直径组更容易发生并发症。18例（54.5%）为快速渐开式先天性血管瘤，9例（27.3%）为部分渐开式先天性血管瘤，2例（6.1%）为非渐开式先天性血管瘤。发现了一种新型CHH，其中4例（12.1%）在出生后继续增殖并在随后的几个月内自发消退。CHH体积随着年龄的增长而下降，与出生时相比，出生后9个月CHH体积显著下降（p = 0.001）。结论CHH的影像学特征与病变大小有关。根据产后随访，确定了一种新型CHH。如果CHH病例出生时没有并发症，预示预后良好。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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