Phytochemistry Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The green antidote: phytochemical defense as a natural shield against chemical warfare","authors":"Nabil Zakaria, Mostafa G. Ali, Zhongyu Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10189-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10189-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical warfare agents (CWAs), including nerve agents, blister agents, choking agents, and blood agents, pose severe threats to human health and environmental security due to their neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, and oxidative stress-inducing properties. Although conventional antidotes, including atropine, pralidoxime, and various oximes and chelators, have proven effective, they are often associated with significant toxicity, limited availability, and high costs. These limitations necessitate the development of alternative, sustainable countermeasures. Phytochemicals, a diverse group of plant-derived bioactive compounds—including alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids—are emerging as promising natural defenses against CWAs. Their multifaceted biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, metal-chelating, immune-modulating, and tissue-regenerative properties, offer an eco-friendly and effective alternative countermeasure against CWAs. This review comprehensively explores the potential of phytochemical-based antidotes as a revolutionary natural shield against CWAs. Among phytochemicals, flavonoids and polyphenols play pivotal roles in detoxification mechanisms by upregulating antioxidant enzymes, including Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), while simultaneously suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways. Notably, phytochemicals such as quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, and silymarin not only contribute to detoxification but also enhance adaptive immune responses by promoting T-cell and B-cell activation, thereby offering a multifaceted defense strategy against CWA-induced toxicity. Terpenoids, including ginsenosides, geniposides, and andrographolide, bolster hepatoprotective and neuroprotective mechanisms through the activation of phase I/II detoxification enzymes and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, alkaloids such as galantamine and berberine activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, strengthening cellular defense mechanisms and offering protection against oxidative and inflammatory damage caused by CWAs. Furthermore, phytochemicals exhibit strong metal-chelating properties, mitigating neurotoxicity and multi-organ damage linked to toxic metals present in CWAs. Their ability to counteract nerve agent toxicity through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) modulation, suppression of neuroinflammation, and enhancement of neuronal survival further highlights their therapeutic potential. Recent advances in nanophytochemistry have significantly improved the bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled release of these bioactive compounds, optimizing their efficacy in CWAs defense. Moreover, the integration of phytochemicals into functional textiles, protective formulations, and nutraceutical-based countermeasures represents a paradigm shift in biodefense strategies. By bridging phytochemistry with pharmacology and nanotechnology","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"2027 - 2064"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds of Piper chaba and their pharmacological relevance: a phytochemistry-focused review","authors":"Vibha Joshi,&nbsp;Vishwajeet Bachhar,&nbsp;Rajesh Haldhar,&nbsp;Ravi K. Shukla,&nbsp;Shashank Shekher Mishra,&nbsp;Seong-Cheol Kim,&nbsp;Manisha Duseja","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10193-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10193-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the ethnobotanical significance and widespread therapeutic applications, <i>Piper chaba</i> (Chui Jhal) phytochemical composition and pharmacological mechanisms remain underexplored in modern medicinal research. Therefore, the present systematic review comprehensively examines the current scientific literature on the phytoconstituents and biological activities of <i>Piper chaba</i>, highlighting over 100 identified bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, amides, terpenoids, and flavonoids. <i>Piper</i> species extracts and essential oils have been proven to exhibit many medicinal potentials, which makes them promising therapeutic and health-improving medications due to the presence of various bioactive components in the plant. Several isolated molecules, including piperine, chabamides, and e-piplartine, demonstrate promising therapeutic properties, notably through modulation of cellular redox balance, enzyme inhibition, mitochondrial pathways, and apoptosis induction in cancer models. Additionally, the plant’s favourable toxicity profile and emerging applications in green nanotechnology and drug delivery systems further underscore its medicinal potential. This review highlights <i>P. chaba</i> as a viable source of natural lead chemicals for drug discovery and development by combining old knowledge with new mechanistic insights. It provides a path for next preclinical and translational research while also highlighting important gaps in pharmacokinetics, clinical validation, and molecular targeting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"2233 - 2298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review","authors":"Sidhartha Jyoti Bora,&nbsp;Soubhik Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Soumya Deb,&nbsp;Dhrubajyoti Sarkar","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10188-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10188-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. There are various therapy options for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, including synthetic medicines such as aminosalicylates, oral corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. However, these drugs have limitations, including potential side effects, immunogenicity, susceptibility to infections, and high costs. Phytochemicals may serve as an alternative treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease due to their numerous health benefits and fewer side effects compared to traditional pharmaceuticals. This study summarised 16 bioactive phytochemicals and 31 medicinal plants shown to impact IBD. Phytochemicals such as hydroxycinnamic acids, natural alkaloids, fatty acids, coumarins, anthraquinones, and terpenoids are useful in treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. They can target multiple aspects of the disease, making them a promising and effective alternative or supplementary therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. This study conducted a comprehensive review of recent research on the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals and provided evidence for novel therapeutic agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, opening new possibilities for developing treatment regimens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1985 - 2026"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural products for the treatment of Chagas disease: a review of plant-derived compounds and related synthetic derivatives as potential trypanocidal drugs","authors":"Antonio Martín-Martín,&nbsp;Alicia Gómez-Barrio,&nbsp;Cristina Fonseca-Berzal","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10190-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10190-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chagas disease (CD), caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, is one of the current 23 Neglected Tropical Diseases and, mainly, affects the less economically developed areas of Central and South America. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are the only two drugs available for the specific treatment of the infection; however, both show many drawbacks, such as their limited effectiveness, the induction of numerous adverse effects in patients and the existence of natural resistant strains of the parasite, among others. Given the urgent need to identify new antichagasic therapies, the search of bioactive natural compounds stands out as one of the main strategies for improving the therapeutic arsenal of the disease. In this framework, the present work reviews different families of secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones and terpenes) obtained from diverse plant sources, with reported anti-<i>T. cruzi</i> activity. Furthermore, some of their synthetic derivatives, which show interesting activity towards the parasite, are also revisited. In certain cases, the structure–activity relationship of the molecules is also remarked, contributing this way to the development and improvement of promising scaffolds, as well as to elucidate the mechanism of action triggered in the parasite, focusing on the mitochondrion as a crucial drug target. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to provide an overview of the most relevant plant-derived compounds and related derivatives, which have been investigated for the development of more effective CD treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 3","pages":"2123 - 2148"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanopharmacological relevance of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. and its role as a hepato-protective agent: a comprehensive review","authors":"Nighat Gull,&nbsp;Arif Ahmad,&nbsp;Sumbul Rehman","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10187-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10187-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cuscuta reflexa</i> Roxb is a widespread parasitic perennial herb used therapeutically since time immemorial. Various parts of the plant have been utilized for its medicinal value. It is encumbered with several biologically active compounds like amarbelin, cuscutin, and cuscutalin, having inbuilt therapeutic potential with anticancer, antitumor, antibacterial, analgesic, antihelmintic, anti-inflammatory and laxative activities. This review aims to endow with a critical evaluation of the botanical, chemical, therapeutic aspects of <i>Cuscuta reflexa</i> herb with a particular focus on its hepatoprotective properties. Given the ongoing various in vivo and in vitro studies was conducted to specifically evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of traditional herbal preparations derived from this plant and demonstrated its efficacy in mitigating chemically induced liver damage by modulating hepato specific enzymes, oxidative stress, and restores the histo-architecture of liver tissue. The <i>Cuscuta reflexa</i> extracts exhibit a protective effect on hepatic cells and thus could be potentially used in the management of hepatic impairments. Despite encouraging preclinical evidence, further research, including well-structured clinical trials, is crucial to confirm its therapeutic potential and safety profile in human populations. This review underscores the necessity for more in-depth pharmacological and mechanistic studies to validate <i>Cuscuta reflexa</i> as a promising natural hepatoprotective agent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1965 - 1984"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anti-tumor mechanism and epigenetic effects of bioactive components in saffron","authors":"Xiao-Nan Chen,&nbsp;Ze-Juan Li,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Andy T. Y. Lau,&nbsp;Yan-Ming Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10183-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10183-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide, and its incidence is increasing annually in both developed and developing countries. Up to now, chemotherapy has been a commonly used treatment for cancer. However, due to its significant side effects, other complementary or alternative treatments are needed as adjunctive therapies. The active chemical components extracted from herbal medicine are characterized by lower toxicity and fewer side effects compared to traditional anti-cancer drugs. Recently, the anti-tumor effects of saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.) and its bioactive components crocins, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin (isolated from the stigma of saffron) have been extensively explored. The biological activities of saffron include the inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, induction of cytotoxic effects, inhibition of inflammatory responses, epigenetic regulation, etc. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the anti-cancer properties and epigenetic effects of saffron, as well as theoretical foundations for its bioactive components as effective synergistic agents for cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1857 - 1880"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of phytochemicals against breast cancer: current status and future perspectives","authors":"Sangeeta Kumari,&nbsp;Victor Wilson Mattathi,&nbsp;Kalpana Thakur,&nbsp;Pushpak Dahiya,&nbsp;Ravi Kant Bhatia,&nbsp;Bharti Minhas,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Bhatt,&nbsp;Neelam Kaushik","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10186-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10186-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges affecting women worldwide, with both incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise. Although current treatment strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy offer substantial clinical benefits, they are often associated with high costs, toxicity, drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor recurrence, which contribute significantly to patient mortality. To overcome these limitations, the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches are essential. Phytochemicals naturally occurring bioactive compounds derived from plants have gained considerable attention as potential alternatives or adjuncts in cancer treatment. Their inherent biocompatibility, multitargeted mechanisms of action, and ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation make them promising candidates for breast cancer therapy. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their anticancer efficacy. However, clinical translation remains limited due to factors such as poor solubility, rapid metabolism, low bioavailability, resistance, and potential toxicity. One major obstacle is the inefficient delivery of these compounds to tumour sites. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano-formulated phytochemicals, offering improved stability, targeted delivery, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity. These nano-based delivery systems present a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with conventional phytochemical therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements in the use of phytochemicals for breast cancer treatment, elucidates their underlying molecular mechanisms, and highlights the potential of nanotechnology-driven delivery systems to enhance their clinical translation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1935 - 1963"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based fungicides: a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides in vegetable production","authors":"Mustapha Abubakar,&nbsp;Bhupendra Koul,&nbsp;Yogita Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10176-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10176-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vegetable crops are crucial for food and nutrition security as they provide necessary minerals, dietary fiber and vitamins required for human health and vitality. In developing countries, vegetable production has opened new vistas for unemployed youth and offers significant economic opportunities by reducing rural poverty and serving as a key component of farm diversification strategies. However, their production is threatened by fungal pathogens causing annual economic and yield losses of ~ $30 billion and ~ 80%, respectively. Chemical fungicides are routinely used in combating the menace despite their ill-effects on human health and ecosystem. Eco-friendly and effective alternatives like phytochemicals are highly reommended to reduce the overdependence on such chemicals. In this review, the literature was gathered from various academic search engines and databases such as Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. A total of 709 articles were screened, out of which 446 were used as references in the current manuscript. This, review encompasses a detailed description of phytochemicals in terms of their importance, success rate, mechanism of action, including challenges and future prospects of phytofungicides. Identification of novel bioactive phytocompounds, their combinations, advances in their formulation via nano-encapsulation and their synergy with microbial agents are desirable to improve the efficacy, stability and targeted actions for pathogen-free, eco-friendly and sustainable vegetable cultivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1681 - 1749"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and resource protection of genus Arnebia Forssk","authors":"Saqirula Bao,&nbsp;Yaqiong Bi,&nbsp;Feibiao Shan,&nbsp;Ronggui Eni,&nbsp;Xuejing Zhong,&nbsp;Zengxia Liu,&nbsp;Chunhong Zhang,&nbsp;Minhui Li","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10182-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10182-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <i>Arnebia</i>, a member of the Boraginaceae family, encompasses annual and perennial herbs predominantly found in Northern Africa, Europe, and Central Asia. These plants have a long history of medicinal use in traditional practices globally. Their chemical composition is primarily characterized by naphthoquinones, accompanied by a variety of other compounds, such as quinones, flavonoids, phenols, polysaccharides, esters, terpenes, and organic acids. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that <i>Arnebiae</i> Radix and its constituents exhibit a range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, liver protection, and immunomodulatory effects, underscoring their potential for medicinal applications. Given that <i>Arnebia</i> species typically grow in specific ecological environments and face threats like over-harvesting, their conservation and sustainable utilization are of great significance. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and resource protection of <i>Arnebia</i> plants, with an emphasis on the research progress in the past five years. Understanding these aspects is crucial for the development and utilization of <i>Arnebia</i> resources. Furthermore, this study employs bibliometric analysis to examine the early investigations and current research trends related to <i>Arnebia.</i> Based on this analysis, the study outlines the prospects for the genus, highlighting its therapeutic potential.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1813 - 1856"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11101-025-10182-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin-loaded biocomposites for wound healing applications: from therapeutic efficacy to delivery platforms","authors":"Simin Nazarnezhad,&nbsp;Seyedeh Najibeh Nasiri,&nbsp;Sara Gorgani,&nbsp;Behrouz Aghajanloo,&nbsp;Naisana Seyedasli","doi":"10.1007/s11101-025-10185-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11101-025-10185-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skin plays a vital role in protecting the human body from hazardous stimuli such as oxidizing agents and inflammatory triggers. To enhance the skin’s defense mechanisms against both endogenous and exogenous damages, the administration of antioxidants can be a promising strategy. Quercetin (Que) is a well-known flavonoid with prominent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties, all of which contribute to improve wound healing and skin care. However, its poor solubility has limited its ability to penetrate the skin effectively. To address this limitation, various formulations and composite strategies have been developed to efficiently increase its cutaneous penetration. In this review, an overview of Que and its derivatives are provided, along with the underlying mechanisms of wound healing, with a focus on the therapeutic capability and performance of Que in every stage of this process. Finally, this review discusses a range of drug delivery vehicles, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and electrospun nanofibers, which promote the transdermal penetration of Que. Overall, Que and its advanced delivery systems provide new insights for translation into clinical wound management, offering novel therapeutic avenues for both cosmeceutical and therapeutic applications in skin repair and regeneration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":733,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry Reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"1899 - 1933"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147342073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}