Igiene e sanita pubblica最新文献

{"title":"Maternity and Critical Care: A Qualitative Survey of the Experience of Nurse Mothers.","authors":"Anna Arnone, Francesco Riccardo, Giovanni Gioiello, Alessandro Marino, Luisa Zeppetella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Returning to work after maternity leave is a critical transition for nurses, especially in critical care units, where intense workloads and clinical responsibilities may conflict with family needs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore and understand the meaning of the lived experiences of nurse mothers returning to critical care work in the Italian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Snowball sampling; 12 nurse mothers with at least one year of post-partum work were interviewed through semi-structured interviews (45-60 minutes). Data were manually analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006), with researcher triangulation and member checking. Informed consent was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes emerged: work-family conflict; informal vs. organizational support; redefinition of professional identity; coping strategies. Nurses reported emotional strain, lack of institutional support, and reliance on personal coping mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nurse mothers in critical care face both vulnerability and resilience. Inclusive organizational policies and structured return-to-work programs are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"98 5","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Oral Diseases and Assessment of Quality of Life in Geriatric patients with and without comorbidities - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Karthik Shunmugavelu, Evangeline Cynthia Dhinakaran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global rise in the ageing population has increased the burden of chronic oral diseases among older adults, particularly in regions with limited geriatric-focused healthcare resources. Age-related physiological decline, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy collectively heightened susceptibility to dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss, xerostomia, and prosthetic complications. Despite this growing concern, evidence on how comorbidities influence oral health and quality of life among geriatric individuals remained fragmented.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of oral diseases among geriatric adults and to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), while examining the impact of comorbidities, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO [CRD420251232457]. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed for studies published from January 2000 up to date. Observational studies involving adults aged ≥60 years that reported oral health indicators and OHRQoL using validated instruments (GOHAI, OHIP) were included. Data extraction and quality appraisal were carried out independently by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Due to heterogeneity across populations and assessment tools, a narrative synthesis was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies met the eligibility criteria, representing institutionalized Italian elders, tribal elders in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, dental outpatients in Delhi, and community-dwelling older adults in Iran. Across all settings, high levels of dental caries, periodontal destruction, tooth loss, and inadequate prosthetic rehabilitation were observed. OHRQoL was consistently reduced, with the poorest scores among individuals with multimorbidity and functional impairment. Comorbidities and polypharmacy showed strong associations with compromised oral health and diminished OHRQoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral diseases remained a major public-health concern among geriatric adults. The strong influence of comorbidities, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy on oral health underscored the need for integrating oral healthcare into routine geriatric services. Targeted preventive strategies, improved accessibility, and interdisciplinary care approaches are essential to enhance functional well-being and quality of life in ageing populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"98 5","pages":"285-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Artificial Intelligence in cardiology - A systematic review.","authors":"Harepriya Meganathan Karthikeyini, Marian Barsoum, Tharun Venkatesan, Mani Shankar Reddy Challa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in cardiology to enhance diagnostics, risk prediction, remote monitoring, and patient management. With the proliferation of wearable devices and advanced imaging technologies, AI promises to improve cardiovascular outcomes and healthcare efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review evaluates recent evidence on AI applications in cardiology, focusing on diagnostic accuracy, wearable and remote monitoring technologies, image interpretation, and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published up to September 2025. Eligible studies included original research on AI-driven diagnostics, wearable-based monitoring, and imaging interpretation in cardiovascular medicine. Data extraction included study design, AI methodology, population, outcomes, and key findings. Quality assessment was performed using QUADAS-2 and NIH tools, and findings were synthesized narratively and comparatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI applications demonstrated high diagnostic performance across modalities. Wearable and edge-computing devices enabled real-time ECG analysis, arrhythmia detection, and heart failure monitoring with high accuracy, precision, and responsiveness. AR-assisted stethoscopes improved auscultation accessibility and diagnostic confidence. AI-driven quantitative coronary CT outperformed myocardial perfusion imaging in detecting obstructive coronary artery disease. Pediatric cardiology AI models exhibited limited accuracy, highlighting the need for further refinement. Overall, AI integration in cardiology shows potential for enhancing early detection, personalized management, and preventive care, though challenges such as data integration, validation, regulatory approval, and clinical adoption remain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI technologies are transforming cardiology by enabling precise diagnostics, remote monitoring, and predictive analytics. Ongoing validation, standardization, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to ensure safe, effective, and clinically impactful implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"98 5","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improve the quality of patient care in the Emergency Department. Physical Therapist and Advanced Practice in Emergency Department: A scoping review.","authors":"Annamaria Servadio, Maria Rita Molinari, Loredana Gigli, Emanuele Amadio, Giovanni Sellitto, Giovanni Galeoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Emergency departments (EDs) worldwide are increasingly adopting multidisciplinary models of care in which physiotherapists play an evolving and expanding role. International evidence suggests that physiotherapy-led pathways may improve the management of low-acuity presentations such as musculoskeletal and vestibular conditions, which contribute substantially to ED overcrowding. In Italy, however, physiotherapists are not yet structurally integrated into ED teams, and the potential applicability of advanced physiotherapy roles remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The objective of this scoping review is to identify, map, and describe current international models of physiotherapy practice within Emergency Departments, including first-contact roles, advanced practice, direct-access models, and multidisciplinary roles, and to explore their impact on the management of non-urgent conditions such as minor injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and vestibular presentations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted from inception to November 2025, including peer-reviewed studies in English that described, evaluated, or implemented physiotherapy roles in EDs. Eligible populations were ED patients of any age presenting with non-urgent musculoskeletal, traumatic, or vestibular conditions. Data were charted on study design, setting, models of practice, clinical populations, and reported outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The included studies were primarily conducted in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and comprised service evaluations, retrospective reviews, quality-of-care studies, pilot projects, validation studies of screening tools, and mixed-methods evaluations of pediatric pathways. Physiotherapy practice in Emergency Departments is mainly organized into First Contact Physiotherapy, Advanced Practice, and Direct Access models, often embedded within specialized pathways for musculoskeletal, vestibular, pediatric, or geriatric care. Overall, physiotherapist-led care is associated with reduced waiting times and ED length of stay, earlier administration of analgesia, improved clinical outcomes (including reduced pain and improved vestibular symptoms), high diagnostic agreement with emergency physicians, lower use of imaging and follow-up services, and high satisfaction among patients, parents, and clinicians. No serious adverse events related to physiotherapy interventions were reported. Most studies were observational, with a limited number of randomized or controlled studies, and no studies were conducted in Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;International evidence indicates that physiotherapists can make a meaningful contribution to emergency department care, particularly for low-acuity musculoskeleta","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"98 5","pages":"301-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor Exclusion of the self from the self care in a today of gaps: reflections and recommendations.","authors":"Miguel Angel Cardozo-Montilla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Editor, In a world which the disparities in access to health services are not problems that only concern minorities, vulnerable populations and societies with the lowest levels of development, the self care is an issue that transcends all borders and, therefore, constitutes together with others strategies the core of the global priorities, a need that, for instance, intersects the set of targets of the third goal of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development¹ within which the progress both in reducing maternal mortality across the world, that went from 228 to 197 deaths per 100 000 live births between 2015 and 2023, and in achieving universal health coverage has been exiguous².</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"98 5","pages":"236-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Management of Workplace Violence against Healthcare Workers. The experience of a Local Health Authority of Italian National Service.","authors":"Simona Amato, Anna Maria Lombardi, Claudio Bontempi, Livio Cortese, Rocco Bulzomì, Laura Ricciardi, Alessandra Gramiccia, Anna Aniuskevich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplace violence is a worldwide problem with a higher incidence in sectors requiring intense human interactions, of which the healthcare sector is a prominent example. In Italy, hospital violence is common, especially among psychiatrists, who have been reported at high risk for verbal aggression, injuries, threats with dangerous objects, stalking, and physical aggression. The objectives of this study are the following: to describe the four-year incidence of aggressive acts against all healthcare workers of the ASL Roma 2, exploring the experience of healthcare workers with aggression using a form completed within 72 hours of the aggressive act, to identify the type of event reported, discipline/area of care involved, location of the event, outcome of the event and to identify potential risk factors associated with aggressive acts.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"97 4","pages":"219-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of ozonated water in hospital food services.","authors":"Pietro Manzi, Cinzia Mari, Maria Luisa Mugnari, Roberto Lombardi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ozonated water, produced by special generators, is a versatile and sustainable disinfectant solution with numerous advantages. The generators use electrical discharges or electrolysis to convert tap water into an ozone-rich solution (O₃), a powerful oxidant, which expresses microbicidal action against bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores. In the food industry, ozonated water improves food safety, quality, and preservation. It is effective against pathogens such as salmonella and listeria, reduces pesticides, increases shelf life, and can improve organoleptic characteristics. Ozonated water is used to disinfect vegetables and protein raw materials, and to inhibit the development of fungi and molds. Ozone generators have low energy consumption and operate at low temperature. Ozonated water does not require rinsing, reducing water waste. Ozonated water production is environmentally friendly, leaving no chemical residue and decomposing into oxygen. Ozonated water is a viable alternative to chemical disinfectants, improving the safety and sustainability of hygiene practices. This paper discusses the experience at the Terni Emergency Hospital , where a significant experience was carried out by installing an stabilized ozonated water generator and using it as part of the food production process.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"97 4","pages":"167-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons of home births in the Hausa community in the peri-urban area of Mfou, Cameroon.","authors":"André Izacar Gaël Bita, Marie Thérèse Yolande Nga Ngoumou, Wilfried Durand Ngandjouong, Bienvenu Avina Avina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Home births (HBs) have a negative impact on maternal mortality, particularly in rural areas and regions where this practice is widespread. HBs are common in the northern of Cameroon and in communities in other Cameroonian cities where internal migrants from the northern and immigrants from the Central African Republic live. This study aims to describe the reasons for HB among women living in the Hausa neighbourhood of the Mfou health district in centre region of Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a descriptive study conducted among mothers residing and giving birth at home in the Hausa neighbourhood of the Mfou health district. With the help of a local guide, a comprehensive list of mothers known to have given birth at home at least once was compiled. The data collected during individual interviews using a questionnaire were entered and analyzed using Epi Info 7 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 57 mothers who had already given birth at home at least once were surveyed. The results show that, mothers in the Hausa neighbourhood mostly choose HBs because of the high cost of care in health centers (29.8%) and fear of going there (21%). Many of them feel in good health during home birth but lack confidence in their ability to give birth alone (73.8%). Despite the proximity of health centers (less than 5 km for 87%), 70% have no means of transportation, and nearly half have had a bad experience related to cost or quality of service. The choice of where to give birth is influenced by family and traditions, according to mothers. Mothers are calling for lower healthcare costs, greater respect for patients, and more information about the signs of labor during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the proximity of health centers, economic, social, and cultural barriers lead many mothers in the Hausa neighbourhood to prefer home births, thereby limiting access to safe care. It is crucial to reduce costs of care, improve reception services while taking traditions into account, and raise awareness and improve transportation options to encourage births in health facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"97 4","pages":"208-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life Improvement in Rehabilitation. A challenge in Public Health. A case report.","authors":"Fabio Romaldini, Claudia Tacconi, Matteo De Santis, Maria Rita Molinari, Daniela Vaglio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lymphedema is one of the most frequent and disabling complications following surgical treatment for breast cancer, with a global prevalence that varies depending on associated therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This condition significantly affects patients' quality of life by limiting upper limb function and causing symptoms such as pain, heaviness, reduced mobility, and difficulties in performing daily activities. Currently, Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), consisting of manual lymphatic drainage, multilayer bandaging, therapeutic exercise, and flat-knit compression garments, represents the gold standard for management. However, in recent years, there has been growing interest in complementary strategies that may help maintain the benefits of CDT. Among these, aquatic immersion has shown promise due to the effects of hydrostatic pressure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This case report aims to evaluate the effect of hydrostatic pressure during a recreational scuba dive on symptoms and functional parameters in a patient with right upper limb lymphedema secondary to breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 51-year-old woman with post-surgical lymphedema following right breast invasive carcinoma resection. The patient underwent cycles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. She has been receiving annual courses of Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT) and consistently uses a custom flat-knit compression garment for maintenance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A recreational scuba diving session was performed at an average depth of 10 meters for a duration of 35 minutes. Assessments were conducted at three time points, including limb circumference, segmental volume, and upper limb range of motion (ROM). Patient-reported outcomes were also collected regarding perceived fatigue, pressure sensation, pain intensity, heaviness, and overall satisfaction with the proposed activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention resulted in a reduction of limb volume and circumference, which was maintained over time, along with an increase in ROM of the affected upper limb. The patient also reported reduced perceived exertion during the activity and expressed a high level of satisfaction, noting an improved sense of lightness and mobility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although limited to a single case, these findings suggest that recreational scuba diving may serve as a valuable complementary approach to CDT, supporting the maintenance of therapeutic benefits and contributing to patients' physical and psychological well-being. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this innovative intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"97 4","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI) in the management of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): a cross- sectional survey in the AST of Ascoli Piceno.","authors":"Gloria D'Angelo, Stefano Marcelli, Chiara Gatti, Isabella Baglioni, Stefania Liberati, Monia Fontana, Carla Cremonini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Healthcare-Related Infections (ICA) concern those infections \"contracted during care, in any hospital or community health or social care setting\". Given their incidence, the scientific community has invested in the Infection Prevention and Control Nurse (IPCN) as the figure assigned to the control of ICA, whose advanced and continuously updated training is fundamental for the promotion of good practices and the management of infectious emergencies. In this regard, ICA prevention requires an evidence-based strategy, contributing to patient safety, risk management and the promotion of a quality culture in healthcare facilities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this work is to evaluate the educational impact of a blended learning course on nurses of the Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) of Ascoli Piceno by means of a validated questionnaire in order to understand the effectiveness of the training policies transposed at a national level and to orientate future continuous training strategies in the healthcare setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The descriptive, cross-sectional, single-centre observational study was conducted from 1 April to 31 May 2025 involving nurses belonging to the AST Hospital of Ascoli Piceno, according to a convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out by means of a validated questionnaire consisting of a personal data section and 32 items on a Likert scale. Statistical analyses were carried out by means of Microsoft 365 software with the use of the Excel® spreadsheet and the R studio statistical software, respecting the confidentiality of personal data and adhering to the indications provided by the Good Clinical Practice standards.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;222 questionnaires out of the 309 distributed were analysed, with a Response Rate (RR) of 71.8%, predominantly female nurses. The inferential analysis, performed by means of Spearman correlation (rho), revealed statistically significant associations with a p-value &lt;0.05 between the years of professional nursing experience with the expectation, on the part of colleagues, that the professional will put into practice what he or she has learnt in training activities and with the need/difficulty of finding the time to apply the new nursing methods in the O.U. in the way they should be implemented. In particular, it can be seen how the lack of human resources can hinder the nurse practitioner, in his professional experience, to use the skills acquired in the training activity appropriately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;In spite of the high motivation and perceived validity of the blended course participants, the transfer of skills into clinical practice is limited by organizational challenges, such as staff shortages and a tight budget. However, the work experience has a positive educational transfer, which stimulates the application of new knowledge and encourages colleagues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;st","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"97 4","pages":"192-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}