Igiene e sanita pubblica最新文献

{"title":"The administrative tasks burden in inpatient units: an observational study to quantify the impact on nursing staff's working time.","authors":"Michela Bottega, Sandra Migotto, Savina Casonato, Marco Simeoni, Monica Cecchin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Administrative tasks (ATs) are perceived by healthcare workers as something that takes up an inappropriate number of nurses' working time and limits their ability to provide an adequate amount of 'direct care' to their patients. Understanding the kind of ATs mistakenly attributed in this period of staff shortage can be significant in the analysis of the congruence between the nurse's skills and the work/organizational process. In the inpatient units there are some ATs performed by nurses, such as organizing documentation and forms, answering phone calls, planning visits and appointments that, could probably be performed by administrative staff. However, other ATs, such as keeping medical records and management of requests, the input of clinical data into specific administrative applications (e.g. hospital administrative admission/discharge), the care planning to support the 'patient's journey', which even if perceived as ATs, can be identified as 'indirect assistance', not visible to the patient, but closely related to the patient's journey. The aim of this study was to identify the ATs that occupy the RNs working time in acute hospital units and the frequency with which these activities are carried out. Materials and Methods A real-time repeated measure design conducted between November and December 2024, involving inpatient medical, surgical, geriatric and intensive care units. The data collection took place, via a chart in the form of a grid that recorded the ATs, the profile of the workers who carried them out, the weekly time spent in minutes and the frequency with which this activity was carried out. The data analysis looked at all the aforementioned elements', the identification of the healthcare working time spent weekly and the frequency these activities being conducted. Results The ATs carried out in inpatient units can be divided into four categories: administrative activities connected with medical records; the management of laboratory and diagnostic tests; the management of waiting lists; and those linked to 'the good functioning' of the unit. 'On average, in medical departments, the record management takes up 23.58 hours of RNs' working time per day; 17.35 hours in the surgical departments; 4.44 hours in the geriatric wards and in the intensive care units 3.29 hours. Every day, the diagnostic and laboratory tests occupy, on average, 29.49 hours of RN working time in the medical departments, 15.45 hours in the surgical units, 3.45 hours in the intensive care units, although it does not seem to absorb RN working time in the geriatric's wards. The waiting list management seems not to occupy any RN working time, except in the surgical departments, which has an average of 2.48 hours per day, while they occupy 3.56 hours of the administrative staff's (AS) working time in the medical units, 3.21 hours in the surgical area and 51 minutes in the intensive care units. Those ATs associated with the good functioning unit that t","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"94 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor radon measurements and annual effective dose estimation in different university workplaces in Urbino (Central Italy).","authors":"Raffaella Campana, Alessandra De Benedittis, Vincenzo Musumeci, Alessandro Gambarara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Radiation is a natural part of the environment, and radon gas is a critical source of exposure due to its abundance and mobility. Indeed, radon can reach and accumulate in confined living and working places. Inhalation of radon and its decay progenies is a significant risk factor for human health. This investigation aims to measure the annual average of radon concentration in in different workplaces of Urbino University.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was carried out for two consecutive semesters in 48 workplaces using CR-39-type detectors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data revealed a mean value of radon concentration of 113.10 Bq/m3, higher than the national average value of 70 Bq/m3 but below the 300 Bq/m3 threshold indicated by Directive 96/29 EURATOM 2013. In the locals with higher radon levels (&gt;300 Bq/m3), the effective dose estimation showed values below the limit of 6 mSv (from 3.27 to 5.12 mSv), except for one workplace identified as a technical room (no frequented by personnel).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, in this investigation, 85.4% of the examined premises were below the reference level for indoor radon concentration (300 Bq/m3), while14.6% showed radon concentration higher than 300 Bq/m3 but in areas little or no frequented by staff at all, such as technical rooms (21.4%) and archives (20%), or libraries (37.5%) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm the presence of indoor radon in underground workplaces of Urbino University below the national reference level for indoor radon concentration in the air. In cases where radon values exceed this limit, the necessary interventions will be carried out, as well as new measurements to verify the effectiveness of the applied radiation protection procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of simplified approaches for the provision of care to children with acute malnutrition.","authors":"Andre Izacar Gael Bita","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute childhood malnutrition is a major public health issue, affecting millions of children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This phenomenon leads to increased risks of mortality and co-morbidities, as well as long-term cognitive impairment for survivors. Despite significant progress in reducing childhood wasting, a third of severely malnourished children do not receive timely treatment. To combat this problem, various management strategies have emerged, including simplified approaches such as the use of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) to detect malnutrition, management by community health workers, and the integration of treatments for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Initiatives such as the Family MUAC approach and optimizing the management of acute malnutrition (OptiMA) aim to train families, community workers and community volunteers to identify signs of malnutrition at an early stage. New WHO protocols call for enriched nutrition and the use of standardized treatments to improve management. The OptiMA approach, tested in Burkina Faso, combines these methods to offer a more effective and less costly treatment. These so-called simplified approaches need to be continually evaluated and adjusted to local contexts to maximize their impact and minimize the risk of relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"94 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Nurse Managers' Strategies in Implementing the Fundamentals of Care Framework: a validation and descriptive study.","authors":"Domenico Lombardi Fortino, Attilio Massimo de Cosmo, Carla Lucertini, Alvisa Palese","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Fundamentals of Care (FoC) represent a cornerstone of nursing care, focused on meeting patients' physical, psychosocial, and relational needs. The FoC approach is distinguished by its holistic nature, going beyond the execution of clinical/care procedures to include respect for patient dignity, appropriate communication, and the promotion of comfort and overall well-being. Despite the growing emphasis on FoC in nursing practice, evidence suggests that implementing this care model still faces challenges, particularly regarding uniform application and organizational support.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to validate a tool developed to assess ward nurse coordinators' perceptions of the effectiveness of their strategies in supporting the care team in delivering fundamental care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The questionnaire was validated using the \"Survey Research Methods\" methodology, through the systematic administration of questionnaires to a representative sample of individuals or groups to collect information on the study topics. The questionnaire was directly administered to nurse coordinators in clinical inpatient settings and included a series of structured, closed-ended questions designed to assess the application of FoC in nursing practice, challenges in implementation, and their knowledge and perceptions regarding the importance of Fundamentals of Care in the patient care process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data analysis revealed significant findings regarding the effectiveness of the assessment tool. The questionnaire demonstrated excellent reliability, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.89, indicating high internal consistency of the questions. Seventy-eight percent of coordinators reported perceiving their strategies as effective in supporting the team in delivering fundamental care. Sixty-five percent of respondents identified ongoing staff training as the most effective strategy for improving care quality. Additionally, 85% of participants highlighted the importance of consistent feedback from the team to optimize care strategies. These findings suggest that coordinators have a positive perception of their leadership actions and that the questionnaire is a valid tool for monitoring these perceptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results indicate that the PILOT NM-FoC/2023 questionnaire is a valid tool for evaluating the effectiveness of FoC implementation strategies. This pilot study suggests that, with appropriate modifications, the questionnaire could be used on a larger scale to provide more generalizable data, significantly contributing to improving the quality of nursing care. Overall, the findings show that to support the adoption and implementation of the FoC model, greater organizational focus is needed, including strengthening corporate policies with a particular emphasis on ongoing staff training in the use of FoC.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"93 6","pages":"170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Measure Public Health Nurses' Advocacy Practices in Italy. A validation study.","authors":"Vincenzo Damico, Andrea Ferri, Giuseppe Demoro, Luca Cossalter, Liana Murano, Antonella D'Alessandro, Lara Fermi, Margherita Milani, Giuseppe Russello, Giusy Cataldi, Viola Margosio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Previous nursing studies have explored advocacy from several perspectives, including examining its definition, analyzing the concept, developing theory based on concept analysis, and developing scales to assess advocacy in practice. This study aims to determine the reliability and validity of a scale to assess the advocacy practices of public health nurses (PHNAP) working in extra-hospital and community settings in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validation study was conducted. After the translation phase, the questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of nurses in various municipalities in Italy. Reliability was assessed by calculating the alpha coefficient. To assess construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Data was collected between November and December 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 457 questionnaires were analyzed. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.926, and factors 1 through 5 were 0.911, 0.812, 0.836, 0.869, and 0.895, respectively. Regarding the criterion-related validity results, the correlation coefficient between the total score and the score on the scale for the practical competence of PHNs in Italy exhibited a moderate correlation (r = 0.428; lt; 0.01). The scale comprised 27 items divided into five factors: \"Raising awareness of the challenging situation faced by disadvantaged individuals,\" \"Empowering disadvantaged individuals to improve their situation autonomously,\" \"Establishing a foundation in local governments and community groups of disadvantaged individuals for advocacy initiatives,\" \"Working toward policy changes,\" and \"Collaborating with stakeholders and organizations to enhance the effectiveness of activities.\" In the confirmatory factor analysis; that the chi-square degree of freedom ratio (χ2 /df), the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), the root mean square of approximate error (RMSEA), the value-added fitting index (IFI) and the comparative fitting index (CFI) were determined to be 2.765, 0.849, 0.065, 0.819 and 0.824, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The scale designed in this study is valid and reliable for use in the Italian context and it is applicable in various contexts where PHNs also support disadvantaged populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"93 6","pages":"186-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Management of the Healthcare Professions in the Prevention Area: Organizational Set-up and Perspectives for Improvement in the Current Italian Panorama.","authors":"Vincenzo Marcotrigiano, Piergiorgio Tagliapietra, Giangiacomo Marchesan, Flavio Del Bianco, Maria Luisa Franchina, Erica Artosi, Greta Siviero, Mirko Mazzurana, Roberto Rizzi, Domenico Pistillo, Giuseppe Acquaviva, Stefano Miceli, Vigilio Righes, Domenico Spinazzola, Antonio Ferro, Luca Gino Sbrogiò, Christian Napoli, Sandro Cinquetti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structure of the management of healthcare professions in the prevention area currently appears not uniform at Italian national level, both in terms of the allocation of these professionals and concerning the role covered in the Local Health Authorities. During training events dealing with this topic, organized by the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health - S.It.I., healthcare workers (HCWs) placed in the management area were evaluated through a survey, examining their level of involvement in the organization, and proposing ideas for improvement regarding the professional placement both in staff and in line. The thoughts on the new hypothetical organizational models adoptable must continue to include the valorization and career development of HCWs, also to allow to tenaciously challenge the scenarios that Public Health will be called upon to face with ever greater commitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"93 6","pages":"204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Assessment of Malaria Prevalence among Children Under 5 in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Eric Defo Tamgno, Armand Tiotsia Tsapi, Martin Fossi, Joseph Nguessie Essofack, Gaelle Magne Tamoufe, Gianluca Russo, Vittorio Colizzi, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Olivier Ethgen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Cameroon, particularly affecting children under 5 years of age. Despite these efforts, its prevalence persists, highlighting the need for comprehensive epidemiological studies to guide interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected health areas across five regions of Cameroon. Data on sociodemographic profiles, insecticide-treated net utilization, and malaria incidence among children under 5 years of age were collected using structured questionnaires and rapid diagnostic tests. Statistical analysis was performed to identify factors associated with malaria positivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 1,200 households with children under 5 years of age, representing various sociodemographic profiles across regions. Among the respondents, 85% demonstrated a high awareness of malaria. While 92% reported ownership of insecticide-treated nets, only 67% reported consistent utilization. Alarmingly, 42% of children under 5 years of age tested positive for malaria. Factors associated with malaria positivity included the gender of the household head, marital status, insecticide-treated net availability, physical condition of insecticide-treated nets, and recent malaria episodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the study provided valuable insights, limitations such as its cross-sectional design and potential biases necessitate caution in interpreting the results. To address these issues, rigorous data collection methods and statistical analysis were employed, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions and ongoing surveillance to combat malaria effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"92 5","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Leave and Corporate Welfare at the Territorial Health Company of Fermo. A Cross- Sectional Prospective Study (Marche, Italy).","authors":"Betty Perticarini, Renato Rocchi, Federico Lattanzi, Andrea Benni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;One of today's main issues is balancing work and family life, which significantly impacts the socio-economic and working conditions of the population. Since the last century, support for parenthood has been at the center of legislative attention both in Italy and Europe. The Italian Constitution of 1948 began addressing the shift from the woman's exclusively domestic role, promoting female workforce integration from the 1950s. Today, Italian legislation focuses on gender equality and worker protection, with measures aimed at reconciling work and family life. Recent terminological changes, such as parental leave, reflect a shift towards recognizing the right and duty of both parents in child-rearing. Health companies, like the one in Fermo with its 670 nurses, need to manage absences and human resources effectively to facilitate work-family balance and ensure optimal work organization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study analyzes the behaviors and needs of nurses in managing their children, aiming to improve corporate protection strategies for parents. The research investigated perceptions on the use of leave and the implications of legal rights for organizations and the services provided, proposing corporate welfare alternatives. The survey was conducted through an anonymous questionnaire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study employed a cross-sectional prospective method, also known as a prevalence study, to describe the frequency of phenomena in relation to variables. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used to analyze leave usage and the reasons behind it. The initial phase involved a bibliographic review and the creation of a questionnaire, which was subsequently distributed and analyzed. The setting was the U.O.C. Nursing and Obstetrics Area of the Territorial Health Company of Fermo (Italy), conducted from February 13, 2023, to July 31, 2023. The questionnaire was distributed digitally for 3 weeks, from July 10 to July 31, 2023. The sample included only nurses with minor children, excluding non-nurse professionals and employees with adult children or no children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The survey, conducted among 496 employees of the Territorial Health Company of Fermo, included 478 nurses with an average age of 41.9 years. Among the 173 nurses with minor children, 96% are employed on permanent contracts and 57.8% work shifts including nights. Most children are between 1 and 18 years old. 30% of parents use public institutions for child care, while 25% receive family support. 28% feel they have not fully utilized their parental leave rights. 66% of users of fully paid parental leave did so out of necessity, while 74% of users of 30% paid leave cited the need to care for their children. 91% did not use the family reunion benefits provided by the national contract, and only 8.7% took advantage of the modified summer vacation period. Finally, 44% find the company co","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"92 5","pages":"139-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterilization of infective health care waste in hospitals.","authors":"Pietro Manzi, Francesco Di Maria, Yeshoda Marcella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collection and disposal of infective medical waste represents a well-known problem in all Italian and foreign hospitals. Pandemic events have increased the attention and sensitivity on the topic both from a legal/regulatory and technical-professional perspective. latest legislation introduced some noticeable modification in the perception of the problem changing the particularly precautionary approach largely exploited in the past, putting the sterilization procedures at the center of a more efficient management of such waste materials. Contemporary the specific industrial sector is developing and proposing on the market sterilization equipment able to minimizing the risk of pollution and reducing the volumes of material to be disposed of. This article addresses the topic with particular focus on the advantages, drawback and specific aspect to be considered for the realization of an in-situ sterilization for infective hospital waste. Different aspects related to biological, environmental, financial legal and medical liability risk, which become essential for allowing a careful evaluation and conscious choice, were also considered and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"92 5","pages":"123-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative research on clinical risk perception in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Angela Prendin, Paola Claudia Fazio, Benedicta Tabacco, Veronica Strini, Valentina Cerrone, Vincenzo Andretta, Mario Capunzo, Maria Lucia Specchia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>the Pediatric Intensive Care field is characterized by the criticality of newborns and children who access it, as well as by a high complexity of care. This entails the need of an optimal integration between the various professional figures working in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) and their ability to work in team.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>to describe how nurses perceive clinical risk and relate to it; to identify adverse events and related risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>the focus group was used to identify and analyze the risks, or possible risks, that may occur in the intensive pediatric field. Nine nurses with different work experience in PICU, two moderators and one external observer participated in the focus group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>through qualitative analysis, 9 themes describing the clinical risk perception by nurses working in PICUs were identified: teamwork, specific training, time management, team communication, clinical management, individual errors, facility criticalities, patient factors/characteristics, standardization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the culture of safety can be promoted by management through learning spirit and free speech without fearing negative effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"92 5","pages":"112-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}