Igiene e sanita pubblica最新文献

{"title":"Nursing care in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot: asystematic review of the literature.","authors":"Chiara Gatti, Stefano Marcell, Gloria D'Angelo, Cinzia Borgognoni, Isabella Baglioni, Alessandra Romandini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 3,500 live births, accounting for 7-10% of all congenital heart defects. Advances in cardiac surgery and intensive care have increased survival into adulthood to over 85%, resulting in a growing population of adults with repaired congenital heart disease and, in resource-limited settings, adults with untreated or previously undiagnosed disease. In this context, specialist nursing care plays a pivotal role throughout the continuum of care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review the available scientific evidence on nursing care for patients with tetralogy of Fallot, with particular emphasis on nursing interventions during the preoperative and postoperative phases and on the competencies required across different clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted between November 2025 and March 2026 using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, following the PRISMA methodology. The search strategy was: care AND tetralogy of Fallot AND nurs*. Of the 56 records initially identified, 33 articles were screened after duplicate removal. Following the application of the eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist, with an inclusion threshold of ≥75%, four studies were included in the review. The selected studies comprised two case reports and two narrative reviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four included studies collectively addressed the major stages of the care pathway for patients with ToF: neonatal preoperative stabilization (Tran et al., 2022), postoperative management in the pediatric intensive care unit (Forman et al., 2019), nursing management of adults with unrepaired ToF (Araújo et al., 2017), and peri-anesthetic assessment of an adult patient with previously undiagnosed ToF (Edwards et al., 2025). Four principal themes emerged: systematic clinical monitoring as a strategy for preventing complications; management of hypercyanotic (Tet) spells; implementation of the nursing process using the standardized NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC taxonomies; and family support as an integral component of comprehensive nursing care.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Comparison of the included studies demonstrated strong consistency regarding the core principles of nursing care for patients with ToF, including systematic monitoring, prevention of complications, individualized care, and family-centered support. These principles are adapted according to the stage of care, patient age, and clinical setting. Particular attention emerged regarding the management of adults with ToF, whether surgically repaired or previously undiagnosed, representing an increasingly important challenge for specialist nursing practice. The expanding population of adults wi","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of transition care models in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review of the literature and implications for nursing practice.","authors":"Chiara Gatti, Stefano Marcelli, Gloria D'Angelo, Cinzia Borgognoni, Isabella Baglioni, Romina Molinari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, advances in prenatal diagnosis, cardiac surgery, and perioperative management have substantially improved survival among individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). As a result, CHD has evolved from a predominantly pediatric condition into a lifelong chronic disease requiring specialized follow-up tailored to disease complexity to prevent long-term complications, including arrhythmias, heart failure, and infective endocarditis [1]. The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services represents a critical stage in the care pathway. Many adolescents transfer to adult care through unstructured processes, increasing the risk of discontinuity of care, loss to follow-up, and adverse clinical outcomes. Transition care is defined as a purposeful, planned, and coordinated process that ensures continuity of care, promotes patient autonomy, and facilitates transfer to specialized adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) services [2]. Although international guidelines strongly recommend structured transition programs, considerable heterogeneity persists regarding the timing of transition, intervention components, and the healthcare professionals involved. Consequently, standardized models and evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice remain limited. Therefore, a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence is needed. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of transition care interventions for adolescents and young adults with CHD, with particular emphasis on clinical, educational, and organizational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Screening: Results and Analysis of Behavioural Risk Factors in AULSS5 Polesana.","authors":"Paolo Portesan, Eleonora Penzo, Cosimo Cangiano, Francesco Bumma, Federica Fenzi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in Europe, and in Italy. Their onset can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and abstention from smoking and alcohol consumption. The proactive cardiovascular screening program \"Cardio50\", provided for by the 2020-2025 Regional Prevention Plan of the Veneto Region, is positioned as a primary and secondary prevention intervention aimed at the early identification of modifiable risk factors in an apparently healthy population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The study analysed the results of the \"Cardio50\" screening program conducted by the Prevention Department of AULSS 5 Polesana during the 2024-2025 two-year period on the cohort of subjects born in 1974-1975. Results were compared with data from the PASSI surveillance system relating to the same territory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;During the session of the cardiovascular screening, participants' lifestyle habits are investigated and anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood chemistry parameters are recorded, on the basis of which the software assigns a specific risk class (A, B1, B2, C, C1, D). Subjects in Class B2 are recalled for a six-month follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of 5481 potential participants, 2107 subjects (38.4%) took part, including 1109 women and 998 men. The distribution of risk classes showed a clear predominance of Class B2 (44.8%), followed by Class C (25.2%); overall, 85.2% of subjects required targeted interventions to address their risk factors. Six-month follow-up participation among subjects in Class B2 was 13.6%. Of the participants, 24.1% were smokers, 64.1% led a physically active lifestyle, 52.4% presented excess body weight and 12% consumed alcohol in a manner defined as higher-risk for health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The clear predominance of subjects in Class B2, nearly one in two participants, highlights how a substantial proportion of the population exhibits at-risk behaviours despite the absence of overt clinical abnormalities, identifying a priority target for primary prevention. The low follow-up return rate represents a significant critical issue, as the sole initial detection of risk factors does not guarantee a genuine public health benefit without continuity of the preventive pathway. Comparison with PASSI showed consistency for smoking and excess body weight, a modest difference in physical activity levels and a discrepancy regarding alcohol consumption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The study confirms the usefulness of the \"Cardio50\" program in the early detection of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but highlights the need to strengthen patient retention strategies during follow-up, including through greater involvement of general practitioners and local healthcare networks, in order to transform screening","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"208-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining Territorial Rehabilitation: A Modern Framework for Physiotherapy Practice in Chronic Disease Management.","authors":"Alberto Piacenza, Greta Castelli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Italy is undergoing a profound transformation in the management of chronic diseases, driven by demographic aging, increasing multimorbidity, and the territorial reorganization introduced by Ministerial Decree 77/2022. Despite these developments, rehabilitation pathways remain constrained by regulations that require physician‑led access and repeated formal transitions between outpatient, community, and home‑based settings. This structure limits continuity, delays treatment initiation, and hinders the integration of physiotherapists, professionals whose role in chronic care is strongly supported by international evidence. Material and methods This article analyzes the misalignment between current Italian rehabilitation regulations and modern territorial care models, proposing an operational framework that enhances physiotherapists' responsibilities, improves continuity of care, and reduces bureaucratic barriers for patients with chronic conditions. A narrative, evidence‑informed approach was adopted, integrating national regulatory documents, Italian rehabilitation guidelines, international territorial physiotherapy models, and emerging Italian experiences. The aim was to construct an interpretative framework capable of supporting organizational redesign rather than producing quantitative estimates. Results The review highlights that the current requirement for repeated PRI formalization fragments care pathways and is inconsistent with the principles of continuity and proactivity promoted by Ministerial Decree 77/2022. Evidence indicates that, in stabilized chronic conditions, the Individual Rehabilitation Project should remain unique and updated over time, while transitions between settings should be managed through the Rehabilitation Program. International models demonstrate that physiotherapist‑led assessment, monitoring, and adjustment of rehabilitation plans improve timeliness, diagnostic efficiency, patient satisfaction, and resource allocation. Italian pilot experiences confirm the feasibility of physiotherapist‑led territorial management and its positive impact on functional recovery and service efficiency. Conclusions Aligning Italian rehabilitation regulations with territorial care principles requires redefining operational responsibilities and enabling physiotherapists to ensure continuity of care for chronic patients. The proposed framework supports proactive, integrated, and person‑centered rehabilitation, contributing to system sustainability and facilitating the full implementation of Ministerial Decree 77/2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is incident reporting still an effective tool for improving the quality and safety of care? The experience of an Italian local health authority.","authors":"Simona Amato, Anna Aniuskevich, Claudio Bontempi, Rocco Bulzomì, Livio Cortese, Anna Maria Lombardi, Francesco Principe, Annamaria Servadio, Maria Cedrola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incident Reporting Systems are in use worldwide. They are designed to improve patient care by detecting and analyzing critical and adverse patient events and by taking corrective actions to prevent reoccurrence. Patient safety, seen as the degree to which the risk of an intervention and risk in the care environment are reduced, is becoming a crucial health care issue in Italy. However, no overview yet exists of the reported incidents characteristics, their communication within institutions, or actions taken either to correct them or to prevent their recurrence. Therefore, the objectives of this study are the following: to describe the five-year number of reports received of the ASL Roma 2; type of event reported; event classification; discipline/area of ​​assistance involved; location where the event occurred; outcome of the event as well as the categories of contributing factors detected and the frequency of action plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"145-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy in Emergency Medicine: organizational integration and evaluation of a new acute-care model. A retrospective observational study at ASL Roma 2.","authors":"Annamaria Servadio, Matteo Tamburlani, Maria Campitelli, Paola Barletta, Edoardo Martella, Alessia Alessi, Cinzia Barletta, Enrico Mirante","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;In Emergency Medicine units, physiotherapy must address motor and respiratory needs in complex patients, often with limited professional resources that are not exclusively dedicated to the unit. Describing service volume, coverage and response capacity is relevant to physiotherapy planning and resource governance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe the volume, coverage, timeliness and response capacity of physiotherapy activity delivered by a single professional resource assigned to the Emergency Medicine unit, while secondarily characterising patients, interventions, pathways and outcomes and, in a selected subsample, pre-post changes in functional and symptom-related outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective observational study based on the clinical registry of the Emergency Medicine unit at Sant'Eugenio Hospital in Rome. A total of 335 physiotherapy episodes were analysed: 197 in 2025 and 138 in the first half of 2026, corresponding respectively to 684 and 377 hospital admissions. The service was provided by a single physiotherapist, present six hours per day from Monday to Saturday, not exclusively dedicated to the unit, with no Sunday or public-holiday coverage. All requests for functional assessment and physiotherapy management submitted by the unit physicians were assessed. In a selected subsample of 162 episodes, T0-T1 changes in the Barthel Index, Trunk Control Test, NRS and Borg scale were also explored, together with associations with timeliness and treatment days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The proportion of hospital admissions receiving physiotherapy assessment increased from 28.8% in 2025 to 36.6% in the first half of 2026 (difference 7.8 percentage points; p=0.009). Mean monthly physiotherapy episodes increased from 16.4 to 23.0, while physiotherapy episodes per bed/month increased from 1.09 to 1.28. Response capacity to received requests was 100% in both periods. The population had a median age of 77 years; 58.5% of episodes fell within respiratory clinical macro-areas. Barthel and Trunk scores were associated with final discharge destination, while no overall associations emerged between type of physiotherapy intervention and outcome. In the subsample with serial assessments, all outcomes showed a significant T0-T1 change (p&lt;0.001); assessment within ≤24 hours was not associated with greater improvement, whereas treatment days were positively correlated with improvement in Barthel (ρ=0.882), Trunk (ρ=0.443), NRS (ρ=0.673) and Borg (ρ=0.382), all p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;A single shared physiotherapy resource, responding to demand from the clinical unit, ensured that all medical requests were addressed and achieved increasing service penetration despite the absence of Sunday and public-holiday coverage. The findings support the organisational value of a structured physiotherapy presence in Emergency Medicine. In the subsample with serial measur","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"218-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Patient Functioning in Transitional Care: An Observational Study.","authors":"Annamaria Servadio, Emanuele Amadio, Mattia Magno, Matteo Tamburlani, Lavinia Valentini, Rosanna Maschietto, Simona Nenci, Valentina Dionisi, Maria Campitelli, Giovanni Galeoto, Simona Amato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transitional care requires effective coordination between hospital and community services to ensure continuity of care and appropriate post-acute rehabilitation pathways. In this context, physiotherapists may contribute to discharge planning through standardized assessment of patients' functional status and rehabilitation needs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess patients' functional status at hospital discharge, investigate variability in post-acute care allocation across three hospitals, and explore the contribution of physiotherapist-led functional assessment to hospital-to-community transitional care pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted within the Local Health Authority ASL Roma 2 and included patients from three hospitals (Sant'Eugenio, Sandro Pertini, and CTO Andrea Alesini) who required activation of a post-acute care pathway and were assessed by physiotherapists within the Hospital Operations Team (TOH) during 2024. Functional, cognitive, and health-related quality-of-life status were assessed using standardized instruments, including the Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and EQ-5D-5L. Between-hospital differences were assessed using non-parametric tests, while the association between hospital of origin and discharge setting was evaluated using the chi-square test and Cramér's V.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,314 patients were included. Home care (ADI) was the most frequent discharge setting in Sant'Eugenio and Sandro Pertini, whereas intensive rehabilitation Code 56) predominated at CTO. Hospital of origin was significantly associated with discharge setting (χ²=893.34, p&lt;0.001; Cramér's V=0.456), indicating substantial between-hospital variability in post-acute care allocation. Significant differences were also observed in age, length of stay, functional independence, cognitive status, and health-related quality of life (all p&lt;0.001). Between-hospital heterogeneity was particularly pronounced for MMSE (ε²=0.365) and EQ-5D-5L index (ε²=0.260). Correlation analyses further showed significant relationships among functional, cognitive, and demographic measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-acute care allocation differed substantially across the three hospitals and was associated with differences in patient case-mix and hospital-specific organizational characteristics. Physiotherapist-led functional assessment may provide relevant multidimensional information to support discharge planning and the identification of appropriate post-acute rehabilitation pathways. These findings support the integration of physiotherapists within multidisciplinary transitional care teams, while further multicenter studies are needed to determine their specific impact on discharge appropriateness and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 4","pages":"181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Resources Planning in Public Health: A Methodological Approach to Estimating Workforce Needs in Prevention Departments, with a Focus on Environmental Health Officers Staffing.","authors":"Giangiacomo Marchesan, Lorenzo Visentin, Giovanni Beghetto, Mauro Busolin, Greta Siviero, Maria Luisa Franchina, Erica Artosi, Flavio Del Bianco, Mirko Mazzurana, Alessandro Finchi, Alessandra De Salvia, Antonio Ferro, Luca Gino Sbrogiò, Vincenzo Baldo, Christian Napoli, Sandro Cinquetti, Vincenzo Marcotrigiano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Prevention Department represents the technical and functional structure of the Italian National Health Service responsible for implementing collective prevention and public health activities. Ensuring the appropriate allocation of qualified healthcare workers (HCWs) within this setting is fundamental to guarantee the delivery of essential services, maintain system efficiency, and address emerging public health challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study proposes a methodological framework for estimating the annual workable hourly rate of Environmental Health Officers operating within Prevention Departments. The model integrates multiple parameters including, for the workplace safety topic, the size of the working population subject to territorial control activities, the number of companies intended for checks according to national and regional planning, contributing to the calculation of effective working time based on Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) hours. Additional corrective factors are incorporated to account for absenteeism, indirect activities, travel time related to territorial characteristics, and specific targeted prevention programs. The approach was informed by institutional standards, European policy recommendations, and data derived from a Local Health Authority located in the Veneto Region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed model combines two main reference indicators: one Environmental Health Officer per 10,000 workers in the sector within the territorial jurisdiction and an additional professional per 400 companies. The calculation of effective workforce availability considers an estimated average of 1,408 working hours per year per FTE, adjusted for absenteeism and indirect activities. These parameters allow for a more realistic estimation of programmable activities based on standard average times to ensure adequate inspection, surveillance, and other prevention activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The investigated methodology could provide a structured approach to workforce planning within Prevention Departments, supporting evidence-based staffing decisions and improving the alignment between service demand and human resources. In a context characterized by evolving public health needs, workforce shortages, organizational transformation, and flexible allocation of HCWs, useful policies for effectively managing human capital will be essential to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of prevention services within the public health system.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 3","pages":"110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and biological risk assessment in university teaching laboratories: an open question.","authors":"Raffaella Campana, Francesco Acero, Sandro Cangiotti, Vincenzo Musumeci, Alessandro Gambarara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>According to Legislative Decree 81/08, any university student performing any activity in a laboratory, including teaching laboratories, is considered a worker and therefore subject to current legislation. This study aimed to assess the chemical and biological risk in university teaching laboratories of Urbino.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chemical and biological risk assessment was carried out in 6 teaching laboratories of Urbino University using the ISPRA method and INAIL questionnaires (one for intentional use and one for potential exposure), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the activities carried out in the examined teaching laboratories resulted in chemical level lower than 1, except one activity (1.304). In total, 192 hazardous reagents were identified; 16, classified as carcinogens/mutagens, are handled exclusively by the technical assistants. As regards the biological risk, the activities with potential exposure resulted in an acceptable risk level (83%) and only one in a medium risk level (17%). In the case of the intentional use, all the examined activities showed a medium risk level, ranging from 2.29 to 3.43.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results highlight the importance of the safety training provided to students attending the laboratories, as well as the awareness of teachers regarding safety. The risk assessment here presented was referred to technical assistants and course instructors, rather than the students themselves. Even if this approach is certainly more conservative, the question of the true extent of the chemical and biological risks to which students are exposed during their laboratory activities remains open.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The development of a standardized tool for this purpose, beside the standard risk assessments used in research laboratories, would provide more information on risk exposure and risk perceptions by the students.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 3","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main features, antecedents, and consequences of organizational justice in the nursing field: findings from a narrative review and a qualitative study.","authors":"Incoronata Chiusolo, Marco Astegno, Nicole Beraldin, Eleonora Bettini, Manuela Cassanelli, Elisa Daprà, Beatrice De Marchi, Lisa Forchini, Micaela Fozzato, Alex Garzon, Veronica Giovannetti, Eva Maria Laimer, Alessandra Marina Peruzzi, Salvatore Russo, Davide Ruzzante, Andrea Segattini, Alessandro Sibona, Salvina Spurio, Marta Tealdo, Martina Zanella, Alvisa Palese","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organizational justice represents a key construct in healthcare settings, influencing professionals' well-being, quality of care, and the sustainability of healthcare systems. In nursing, the perception of fairness in decision-making processes, resource allocation, and professional relationships plays a particularly relevant role. This study aimed to analyse organizational justice in nursing settings, exploring its antecedents, consequences, and measurement approaches, integrating evidence from the literature with nurses' perceptions. A narrative literature review was conducted, consulting PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using search strategies structured around specific thematic areas. To further explore the findings, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted, based on semi-structured interviews with 16 nurses selected through purposeful sampling. Data were analysed using narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. Organizational justice emerged as a multidimensional construct articulated into distributive, procedural, and relational dimensions, and associated with outcomes such as job satisfaction, psychological well-being, burnout, and turnover. Key antecedents included leadership styles, decision-making processes, organizational communication, and recognition systems. Qualitative findings highlighted how organizational justice is experienced as a concrete, everyday phenomenon, shaped by inequalities in opportunities, limited participation in decision-making, lack of recognition, and relational dynamics perceived as arbitrary. These conditions are associated with frustration, loss of motivation, and progressive disengagement, leading to outcomes such as burnout, turnover, and forms of withdrawal, including forms of withdrawal that may be interpreted as quiet quitting. Organizational justice can be considered a structural dimension of healthcare settings, crucial for professionals' well-being and quality of care. Promoting transparent, participatory, and fair decision-making processes, together with inclusive leadership and recognition practices, represents a strategic priority to prevent disengagement and support the sustainability of healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":73329,"journal":{"name":"Igiene e sanita pubblica","volume":"100 3","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}