Physics of Wave Phenomena最新文献

{"title":"Partially Diffusive Structural Mechanism of the Transitions between Ices III and V","authors":"E. A. Zheligovskaya","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X2570013X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X2570013X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is shown that the structures of ices III and V can be divided into nearly identical chiral layers. In achiral ice V, the right-handed enantiomorphic layers alternate with the left-handed ones. Chiral ice III consists of only right-handed or only left-handed layers. A structural mechanism preserving these layers is proposed for the transitions between ices III and V. This mechanism is partially diffusive. The possibility for the proposed structural mechanism to provide the experimentally observed high transition rate is discussed. Small structural units of crystal ices are shown to change regularly with increasing pressure in the sequence III, V, and VI. Such small structures formed by water molecules can be present in liquid near the crystallization curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"183 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradox of Radiant Power and the Issue of Localized Currents","authors":"Yu. A. Akimov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25600047","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25600047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two fundamental questions of modern theoretical physics—the paradox of radiant power and the issue of localized currents—are discussed in the paper. The radiant power paradox is the dilemma of whether electrodynamic systems radiate power outward or not. Mathematical analysis of the microscopic Maxwell equations describing excitation and propagation of electromagnetic fields shows that the total radiant power should be zero, whereas many classical problems considering localized currents argue the opposite. The paradox is resolved by proving limited applicability of localized-current models to calculations of energy and momentum characteristics of electromagnetic fields. The nonzero value of the total radiant power for these currents turns out to be the localized current approximation error, while the true radiant power value is always zero for physically consistent excitation currents. On the basis of analysis of physically consistent currents, an improved model of localized currents is proposed that enables physically consistent description of electromagnetic fields from the viewpoint of their energy and momentum characteristics but at the expense of causality violation in the external current-free region.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"214 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random Pinning Models: Phase Transitions in Aqueous Solutions of Colloidal Particles","authors":"E. N. Tsiok,&nbsp;S. A. Bobkov,&nbsp;E. E. Tareyeva,&nbsp;Yu. D. Fomin,&nbsp;V. N. Ryzhov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700116","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-assembly of colloidal particles may occur, for example, both under the action of external fields and due to the presence of pinning centers in a real experimental system. Of particular interest is the formation of condensed phases from an aqueous solution of colloidal particles on a substrate in an external rotating magnetic field. Substrate defects (for example, the substrate roughness) are of great importance in an experiment. These defects can act as pinning centers, to which colloidal particles are strongly attracted; this may lead to a change in the melting scenario. Changing the field rotation angle, one can obtain different colloidal structures. At small rotation angles, the system behaves like a two-dimensional system with a purely repulsive soft-disk potential, whereas at large angles it is similar to a generalized Lennard-Jones (LJ) system with an (<i>nm</i>)-potential. When the field rotates in the plane of the system, its phase diagram qualitatively resembles that of a classical model system with a LJ pair potential. The results of the computer simulation of a two-dimensional system with a LJ potential in the presence of Gauss pinning are discussed in the context of its influence on the phase diagram and melting scenario. It is shown that random pinning with a Gauss potential leads to an increase in the hexatic phase range; formation of dense clusters near pinning centers, which reduce the average effective density of the system; and a change in the melting scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"169 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Period Background Internal Waves in the Kara Sea in the Water Area near Cape Zhelaniya","authors":"Yu. V. Nazarenko,&nbsp;D. D. Sidorov,&nbsp;A. V. Zimin,&nbsp;E. I. Svergun,&nbsp;V. G. Petnikov,&nbsp;I. O. Kopyshov,&nbsp;I. E. Kozlov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700207","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700207","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results from field measurements of hydrological characteristics of the Kara Sea water during the expedition on the research vessel Professor Molchanov in the summer of 2024 are reported. Vertical oscillations of temperature at fixed depths (vertical liquid oscillations) caused by short-period background internal waves are detected in the thermocline using extended “yo-yo” CTD profiling synchronous with an independently operating buoy-mounted thermistor chain. Their considerable effect on the vertical temperature distribution is shown. Energy spectra of the above-mentioned oscillations are obtained. It is demonstrated that the region under consideration near Novaya Zemlya can be regarded as a region where background internal waves quite often occur. The statistical characteristics of the fields of these waves are compared to those of similar wave fields on the Atlantic shelf and near the Kamchatka shore.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"253 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Influence of pH and Temperature of an Aqueous Solution on the Stability of the Gold Nanoparticles–Lysozyme Protein System by Optical Methods","authors":"E. A. Molkova,&nbsp;T. A. Matveeva,&nbsp;I. V. Baimler,&nbsp;R. M. Sarimov,&nbsp;S. V. Gudkov,&nbsp;A. S. Dorokhov,&nbsp;A. Yu. Izmailov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700141","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gold nanoparticles are widely used in spectroscopy for detecting/studying substances in biological media. Such particles in biological objects inevitably interact with proteins, which obviously affects the functions and properties of the nanomaterial. The influence of external conditions on the interaction of nanoparticles with proteins in the aqueous phase has still remained little studied. In this paper we investigate the influence of temperature and pH of the medium on the interaction of lysozyme protein with gold nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. It is found that the temperature of the medium affects the size of aggregates of gold nanoparticles with protein at pH 7.5 of the aqueous solutions. It is found that lysozyme prevents protein aggregation at acidic pH values; with an increase in temperature, gold particles with a lysozyme protein crown retain their size. The results of this study gain a deeper insight into the processes of interaction between enzymes and gold nanoparticles with a change in the solvent properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"192 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Characteristics of Fiber-Optic Fabry–Perot Interferometer Mirrors in Measurement Systems Using Broadband Radiation","authors":"I. G. Likhachev","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700165","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) has been analyzed to determine its reflection and transmission coefficients providing the maximum useful signal in a high-precision scheme for measuring the FPI length. It is shown that the traditionally applied criterion, which is aimed at achieving the maximum visibility of the interference pattern, is not applicable in this scheme. An adequate criterion is proposed, and an analysis based on it is presented. The optimal characteristics of the FPI mirrors are calculated taking into account the diffraction effects. The result of the study is a set of simple analytical relations necessary for designing mirrors in the form of thin films deposited on the fiber end face. In particular, the possibility of implementing a desired mirror on the fiber end in the form of a single-layer dielectric film is investigated and its characteristics are obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"221 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in the Relative Content of ortho-Н2О Molecules in Vapor above Boiling Water","authors":"E. V. Stepanov,&nbsp;S. M. Pershin","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700189","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spin selectivity of the processes occurring in vapor above the surface of boiling water has been experimentally demonstrated. This selectivity leads to a significant increase in the fraction of <i>ortho</i>-H₂O molecules in vapor. An increase in the relative content of <i>ortho/para</i>-isomers of water from the equilibrium value of 3 : 1 (determined by quantum statistics) to 5 : 1 was observed. The content of H₂O spin isomers in vapor above the water surface was analyzed using a tunable diode laser. Spectral analysis of the <i>ortho</i>- and <i>para</i>-H₂O content was performed using the absorption lines of these molecules belonging to the vibrational–rotational band 101-000 and having transition frequencies of 7355.557 and 7354.599 cm^–1, respectively. When water is heated from room temperature (20°C) to the second boiling phase (~80°C), a ratio of <i>ortho</i>- and <i>para</i>-spin isomers of ~3 : 1 was observed, which is typical of normal conditions. During the second and third boiling phases (80–90°C), the <i>ortho</i>/<i>para</i> ratio increases to 5:1. A possible mechanism for increasing the fraction of <i>ortho</i>-H₂O in the vapor formed during boiling may be associated with the depletion of the equilibrium mixture in the <i>para</i>-H₂O isomer, due to its higher activity in condensation and formation of water microdrops, dimers, and trimers.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"242 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of ZnWO4 Crystals Doped with Tm3+ and Li+ Ions at Different Concentrations","authors":"Yu. I. Zimina,&nbsp;K. A. Subbotin,&nbsp;A. I. Titov,&nbsp;P. A. Volkov,&nbsp;Ya. S. Didenko,&nbsp;D. A. Lis,&nbsp;S. K. Pavlov,&nbsp;E. V. Zharikov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700177","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of Tm,Li:ZnWO₄ single crystals with different combinations of thulium and lithium concentrations is grown by the Czochralski method. Actual concentrations of both dopants are measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Segregation coefficients of thulium and lithium in the crystals are calculated by the initial point method. It is shown that introduction of lithium into the crystal composition increases the segregation coefficient of thulium between the crystal and the melt by at least a factor of 2, from 0.2 to 0.4. At the same time, the segregation coefficient of lithium monotonically decreases from 0.18 to 0.08 with its increasing concentration. Thus, to produce a sample with considerable and equimolar Tm and Li concentrations in the crystal, the nominal concentration of lithium is required to be very high, severalfold higher than that of thulium. Polarized optical absorption spectra of the crystals are measured at room temperature for all possible combinations of orientations of the strength vectors of the test beam’s electric and magnetic fields with respect to the optical indicatrix axes of the crystals. It is shown that at the electric field orientation <b>E</b> || <i>N</i>_m the shape of the absorption spectra appreciably depends on the magnetic field orientation as well. The influence of the lithium presence/absence in the crystal on the shape of the absorption spectra is determined. Absorption cross sections of thulium in the given crystal are refined and found to be considerably larger than previously published. Mechanical strength characteristics, microhardness and fracture toughness, are measured for the series of Tm,Li:ZnWO₄ crystals using the indentation method. It is shown that these characteristics are noticeably deteriorated when Tm³⁺ ions are introduced into the crystal without simultaneously introducing the charge compensator—Li⁺ ions—because there arise zinc vacancies that loosen the crystal structure. Additional introduction of lithium in equimolar amounts results in that the strength characteristics of the crystals are not only restored but even exceed those of undoped ZnWO₄, since this simultaneous doping does not lead to formation of zinc vacancies. Thus, conditions are revealed that allow fabrication of heavily thulium-doped crystals with maximum possible mechanical strength characteristics of ZnWO₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"227 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Noise Power in High-Current Relativistic Electron Beams Formed by Explosive-Emission Cathodes","authors":"I. L. Bogdankevich,&nbsp;S. E. Andreev,&nbsp;O. T. Loza,&nbsp;K. V. Mal’chik","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700190","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerical simulation is used to compare two methods for measuring power of wideband electromagnetic noise in experimental facilities with high-current relativistic electron beams formed by explosive-emission cathodes. The simulation shows that the difference in the experimental results by two orders of magnitude—several megawatts for pulses with a duration of few nanoseconds and tens of kilowatts for pulses with a duration of hundreds of nanoseconds—arises from the nature of the noise itself at different stages of the explosive-emission cathode operation rather than from difference of the measurement methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"247 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charge Characteristics of Submicron Heterogeneities in Aqueous Solutions of Low-Molecular Weight Organics","authors":"N. V. Penkov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X25700153","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X25700153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The submicron heterogeneities (SMHs), spontaneously forming in aqueous solutions of different organic molecules, have been studied. The studied molecules included TBA alcohol (7 mol %); glucose monosaccharide (200 mM); sucrose disaccharide (200 mM); and seven amino acids of different types: nonpolar glycine (100 mM), hydrophobic valine (50 mM), aromatic phenylalanine (50 mM), sulfur-containing methionine (50 mM), polar serine (50 mM), glutamic acid (50 mM), and basic arginine (50 mM). The presence of SMНs with sizes of 0.1–1 µm was confirmed in all these solutions, including all types of amino acids, which may be of particular interest for biology. The values of the SMH ζ-potential were also found; they vary from –20 to –5 mV for the aforementioned solutions. These values are insufficient for maintaining the SMH stability due to the Coulomb barrier; hence, there are additional stability factors, related to the SMH hydrophility. This fact disproves the version about the hydrophobic character of SMH, discussed in the literature (at least, for the investigated solutions). SMHs disappear as a result of filtering and do not form again for several hours in all solutions, except the TBA solution, where they arise for less than 1 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"33 3","pages":"207 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}