{"title":"On the Possibility of Coherent Addition of Low-Frequency Multiharmonic Communication Signals in the Deep Sea","authors":"S. P. Aksenov, G. N. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X22010022","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X22010022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interference patterns of the amplitude and phase of the sound pressure generated by a broadband source of multiharmonic signal (MHS) have been studied in the insonification and shadow zones of the deep sea. The structure of the interference patterns of these signals in the frequency–distance plane depends on the source and detector coordinates. It is shown that the MHS components can be coherently added at distances for which the Fourier component phases coincide. Incoherent addition of powers is performed at other distances. It is found that the coherent addition of components is most efficient in the interference maxima of near and far insonification zones (NIZ and FIZ, respectively), where weakly dispersed water modes dominate, whereas in the shadow-zone interference maxima, where the contribution of highly dispersed modes is decisive, their addition efficiency is significantly reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"56 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4982898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined Nano- and Microsecond Laser Ablation for Elemental Depth Profiling of Metal Targets by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy","authors":"P. A. Sdvizhenskii, V. N. Lednev","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X22010095","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X22010095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Combined nano- and microsecond laser pulses are used for ablation and elemental depth profiling of metal targets down to as deep as 2 mm without any sample treatment. Combination of nanosecond and microsecond pulses allows producing few-mm craters together with inducing plasma close to the bottom of a crater. Laser plasma spectra at different crater depths are used to measure the elemental depth profile of the target. Using a wear-resistant coating (nickel alloy reinforced by tungsten carbide particles) as an example, we demonstrate for the first time that individual tungsten particles can be identified at a depth of up to 2 mm in the coating by the intensity of the tungsten line in the laser-induced plasma spectrum and thus the coating quality can be estimated within few seconds without any sample treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"37 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4692586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. K. Ashikkalieva, V. V. Kononenko, A. L. Vasil’ev, E. V. Akhlyustina, V. M. Gololobov, N. R. Arutyunyan, A. M. Romshin, V. I. Konov
{"title":"Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions of Hydrochloroauric Acid under Multipulse Femtosecond Irradiation","authors":"K. K. Ashikkalieva, V. V. Kononenko, A. L. Vasil’ev, E. V. Akhlyustina, V. M. Gololobov, N. R. Arutyunyan, A. M. Romshin, V. I. Konov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X22010046","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X22010046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main modes of synthesis of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solutions of hydrochloroauric acid under multipulse (3 × 10<sup>6</sup>) femtosecond laser irradiation have been studied. UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that there are two types of nanoparticles dominating in the investigated range of laser-pulse energies <i>W</i> = 1.6–200 µJ: ultrasmall (~1–5 nm) and plasmonic (~5–50 nm) nanoparticles. The particle size is found to be determined by two threshold pulse energies. The first corresponds to the development of avalanche water ionization, which initiates reduction of [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>–</sup> ions to neutral atoms, formation of nuclei for nanoparticles, and their subsequent growth. The second threshold is determined by the avalanche-plasma heating, which leads to an explosive rise in the liquid temperature with overheating, melting, and fragmentation of previously formed gold nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4692606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser-Induced Graphitization of Diamond Bulk: The State of the Art (A Review)","authors":"K. K. Ashikkalieva","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X22010034","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X22010034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The experimental studies of the laser graphitization of diamond bulk, which have been published in the last decade, are reviewed, and the current problems in this field of research are considered. The techniques of laser microstructuring of diamond crystals, which make it possible to form graphitized microstructures of different shapes in their bulk, are described. The phenomenon of laser-induced graphitization wave and physical regularities of its propagation in diamond bulk are considered. The internal structure of laser-graphitized material and the methods for its study are described. The influence of the processing parameters on the internal structure and conductivity of laser-modified material in diamond bulk is analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4694789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Parameters of High-Power High-Efficiency Klystrons using the PARS 2.5D Computer Code","authors":"V. E. Rodyakin, V. N. Aksenov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X22010071","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X22010071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An algorithm is described for automatically optimizing parameters of high-power klystrons on the basis of the PARS 2.5-dimensional computer code. Results are given of the theoretical study of a possible upgrade of the UESTC high-power klystron to increase its efficiency. With automatic optimization of the buncher parameters, designs of two upgraded klystron options are developed, which allow increasing the efficiency of the initial klystron by 7 and 13% respectively while retaining the original input signal power.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"30 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4690006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. M. Kuz’kin, S. A. Pereselkov, Yu. V. Matvienko, S. A. Tkachenko
{"title":"Detection of a Noise Signal in an Oceanic Waveguide Using a Vertical Array","authors":"V. M. Kuz’kin, S. A. Pereselkov, Yu. V. Matvienko, S. A. Tkachenko","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X21040051","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X21040051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interferometric processing of hydroacoustic information using a vertical linear array is described. A relationship is found between the spectral density of the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the interference pattern formed by a moving broadband noise source and the number of the array elements. The array gain and the noise immunity of the processing are estimated. Analysis is given to the region of the input signal-to-noise ratios for which the array adequately reconstructs the radial velocity of the noise source and its distance from the receiver. The method for solving the noise signal detection problem on the basis of the Neyman–Pearson criterion is described. Expressions are obtained for the correct detection and false alarm probabilities as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of the array elements. Noise signal detection curves are calculated. The signal detection efficiency of the array is estimated in comparison to a single receiver.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"29 4","pages":"323 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4421010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectra and Kinetics of Emission in Polycrystalline Er2O3 under Pulsed Laser-Thermal Excitation","authors":"V. M. Marchenko","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X21040063","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X21040063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kinetics of continual thermal emission spectra of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> polycrystals is experimentally studied at laser-thermal excitation by single submicrosecond CO<sub>2</sub> laser pulses at λ = 10.6 µm. The nature and kinetics of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and other oxides are explained by the conversion of the thermal energy of the crystal lattice into continual Plank’s radiation. The results can be used for investigations of the energy balance of thermophotovoltaic electric converters with silicon, cascade, and hybrid photocells with laser-thermal and gas-flame heating of transparent pure and doped oxides up to melting temperatures as continual emitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"29 4","pages":"293 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4421558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sazzad M. S. Imran, H. M. Asif Tanmay, Razia Sultana
{"title":"Mode Clustering and Mode Hopping Phenomena in Multi-Quantum Well InGaN Blue Laser Diodes","authors":"Sazzad M. S. Imran, H. M. Asif Tanmay, Razia Sultana","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X21040075","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X21040075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the complex nonlinear dynamics of quantum well InGaN blue laser diodes that operate at 446-nm wavelength. For this purpose, we use the rate equation model of the multi-quantum well (MQW) semiconductor LD that considers two separate quantum wells with different carrier densities and includes self-, symmetric, and asymmetric cross-gain saturation and also Langevin noise sources regarding spontaneous emission, and carrier recombination are considered. We observe the periodic mode competition with operating dominant mode shifts from shorter to longer wavelength side through numerical simulation of the rate equation model. By tuning the gain saturation parameters, namely antiguiding factor and intraband relaxation time, we can get the single-mode operation from the periodic multimode hopping operation, which then changes to mode clustering operation. We, therefore, explains the mode clustering effect in terms of the gain saturation mechanism rather than the gain fluctuation. The simulation results presented and explained in this paper strongly agree with the previously published experimental findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"29 4","pages":"299 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4419573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specific Features of the Structure and Dynamics of Water in Microemulsions of Surface-Active Substances in Organic Solvents","authors":"L. V. Belovolova, M. V. Glushkov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X21040026","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X21040026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The published data on the structural and dynamic features of water in nanosized water pool of reverse microemulsions of surface-active substances (SASs) in organic solvents and nondetergent drops of the same size are reviewed. The influence of water pool sizes and the sign of SAS charge is considered. The emphasis is on the well-studied micelles of anion aerosol OT. The results of studying the dielectric relaxation and vibrational dynamics in microemulsions are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"29 4","pages":"330 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4420773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vertical Oscillations of Water Droplets in the Supporting Vapour–Air Flow","authors":"D. N. Gabyshev, A. A. Fedorets, D. V. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.3103/S1541308X21040038","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1541308X21040038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A microscopic-size droplet levitates steadily in a vapor–air flow rising upward over a locally heated thin water layer. A Fourier analysis of the droplet position during a high-speed video recording revealed small-amplitude high-frequency droplet oscillations. This study focuses on overcoming the noise hindering extraction of oscillatory modes from spectra. The analysis revealed that some modes are associated with the horizontal droplet motion, while the others are due to the vertical motion. Possible physical reasons for the onset of this oscillatory motion are briefly discussed. Along with a single droplet, small clusters consisting of two or three droplets are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":732,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Wave Phenomena","volume":"29 4","pages":"352 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4421002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}